,000W-

ANATOMIC SCIENCES

7.

1. DNA is found principally in

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

1.
2.
3.
4.

nucleus.
cytoplasm.
nucleolus.
cell membrane.
a diffuse fashion throughout the cell.
8.

2.

The free gingival groove divides the

1.
2.
3.
4.

9.

1. one of the supporting cells in brain tissue.

2. a nervous receptor for the sensation of
pressure.
3. the point of junction between two
neurolemma (Schwann) cells.
4. the point of near-contact between the
processes of two neurons (a synapse).

sarcolcmma.
sarcoplasm.
myofibril.
endomysium.

The expected effect on the periodontal

ligament following the loss of tooth function
would be
1.
2.
3.
4.

a slight edema.
formation of numerous cementicles.
an increase in thickness and fiber density.
a reduction in width and loss of regular
arrangement of principal fibers.

1 0. An important cell organelle related to

biochemical breakdown and phagocytosis in
the oral region is the

Nerve cell bodies can be seen microscopically

1. near the sense organs of the skin.
2. in any cross section of a peripheral nerve.
3. in the central nervous system, the
autonomic ganglia and the spinal ganglia.
4. only in the central nervous system.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

lysosome.
microtubule.
mitochondrion.
Golgi apparatus.
endoplasmic reticulum.

11. In proceeding from the bronchus to the

respiratory bronchiole, there is

5. Variation of the size of the lumen of the

bronchiole during inspiration and expiration
is caused primarily by
1.
2.
3.
4.

aorta.
pulmonary artery.
left subclavian artery.
brachiocephalic artery.

The contractile element of skeletal muscle is

in the
1.
2.
3.
4.

free gingiva and the alveolar mucosa.

free gingiva and the attached gingiva.
attached gingiva and the alveolar mucosa.
interdental papillae and the marginal gingiva.

3. A node of Ranvier is

4.

The left coronary artery arises from the

1. a decrease in cartilage and an increase in

elastic fibers.
2. a decrease in collagenous fibers and an
increase in cilia.
3. a decrease in cilia and an increase in
cartilage.
4. an increase in cilia and a decrease in
elastic fibers.

striated muscle and cartilage.

smooth muscle and elastic fibers.
basement membrane and collagen fibers.
areolar connective tissue and cartilage.

12. The bony floor of the nasal cavity is

for med by the

6. Connective tissue is characterized by

1. being derived from mesenchyme, and by
containing more intercellular material than
cells.
2. containing amorphous intercellular substance,
and by having little tissue fluid.
3. being calcified in some types, and by having
sensitivity as its main function.
4. having poor reparative ability, and by
containing few lymphatic channels.

1. palatine process of the maxilla and the

vertical part of the palatine.
2. palatine process of the temporal and
the horizontal part of the palatine.
3. vomer and the vertical part of the
palatine.
4. palatine process of the maxilla and the
horizontal part of the palatine.

19. Bacteria are frequently ingested by

1 3. The superior portion of the gcnioglossal

muscle joins
1.
2.
3.
4.
14.

I. mast cells.
2. fibrocytes.
3. small lymphocytes.
4. basophilic leukocytes.
5. neutrophilic leukocytes.

mandible to styloid process of the skull.

mandible to tongue.
mandible to hyoid.
hyoid to tongue.

The vertebral artery on its way to the brain

passes through the
1.
2.
3.
4.

20. The periodontal ligament consists of groups

of collagenous fiber bundles. The group of
fibers which gives the greatest support against
masticatory forces is the

foramen magnum.
foramen lacerum.
jugular foramen.
foramen spinosum.

1.
2,
3,
4.
5.

15. The outermost portion of a nerve fiber is

commonly referred to as the
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
16.

21. The enamel has no possibility of self-repair

because

axolemma.
neurolemma.
perineurium.
myelin sheath.
medullary sheath.

1. it has only a small per cent of organic

content.
2. its formative cells are lost once it is
completely formed.
3. it is essentially a keratin tissue and has
no blood vessels.
4. it has no direct connection with the active
cells of the dental pulp.

Histologically, the thyroid gland has

1. a rather poor vascular supply.
2. clusters of epithelial cells that arc packed
closely together.
3. rings of epithelial cells surrounding a
a space filled with colloid.
4. colloid between rows of epithelial cells,
with the colloid being formed by connective
tissue cells.

22. The optic disk is an area of the retina

consisting of
1.
2.
3.
4.

17. Urinary bladder differs from gallbladder in

that urinary bladder
23.

1. is lined with transitional epithelium and

gallbladder is lined with simple columnar
epithelium.
2. has a mucosal layer and gallbladder has no
mucosal layer.
3. can be stretched and gallbladder cannot
be stretched.
4. contains smooth muscle and gallbladder
contains no smooth muscle.

18.

optic nerve fibers.

rods and bipolar cells.
cones and bipolar cells.
cones only.

In the cervical region, preganglionic

sympathetic neurons synapse with
postganglionic sympathetic neurons in the
1.
2.
3.
4.

celiac ganglion.
dorsal root ganglion.
submandibular ganglion.
superior cervical ganglion.

24. In hyaline cartilage, the chondrocytes are

surrounded by a capsule which is

The gingival area where nonkeratinized

epithelium is-most frequently seen and which,
therefore, may be considered most vulnerable
to inflammation is the
1.
2.
3.
4.

apical.
oblique.
horizontal.
alveolar crest.
interradicular.

1. a zone of decalcification.
2. an envelope of loose connective tissue.
3. a blister-like extension of the
chondrocyte.
4. a calcified layer of intercellular
substance.
5. the youngest layer of intercellular
substance.

sulcular surface of the free gingiva.

attached gingiva.
palatal gingiva.
None of the above

55.

49. Spleen, thymus and lymph nodes arc

similar in that they all
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

50.

1. submucosal and myenteric plexuses.

2. sacral spinal cord lateral gray column.
3 thoracic spinal cord lateral gray column.
4. dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve.

filter blood.
contain lymphocytes.
have a medulla and a cortex.
serve as filters for tissue fluid.
have afferent and efferent lymphatic
vessels.

56.

The red pulp of the spleen contains

57.

53.

1.
2.
3.
4.

59.

enamel rods.
enamel lamellae.
enamel spindles.
Hunter-Schreger bands.
incremental lines of Retzius.

right atrium with the left atrium.

umbilical vein with the inferior vena cava.
left pulmonary artery to the aortic arch.
right pulmonary artery to the aortic arch.

The esophagus is subdivided into three

portions on the basis of a transition in the
1. su bmucosa.
advcntitia.
3. mucosal layer.
4. muscularis externa.
5. None of the above

The thyroid gland receives its blood supply

from branches of the
1.
2.
3.
4.

54.

crista galli.
groove for the transverse sinus.
lesser wing of sphenoid bone.
pctrous part of temporal bone.

58. In the embryo, the ductus connects the

Hypomineralized structures which extend

from the dentinocnamcl junction to the
surface of the enamel are called
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

sternal angle.
xiphisternal junction.
second thoracic vertebra.
attachment of the fourth costal cartilage
to the sternum.

The lateral part of the middle cranial fossa

is separated from the posterior cranial fossa
by the
1.
2.
3.
4.

Infection spreading via lymphatics from the

lower lip would first enter the bloodstream
at the

i. brachiocephalic vein.
2. inferior labial vein.
3. inferior labial artery.
4. pterygoid venous plexus.
52.

The bifurcation of the trachea lies at the

level of the
1.
2.
3.
4.

1. small nodules of lymphoid tissue and

lymphatic capillaries.
2. splenic cords, numerous erythrocytes
and blood vascular sinusoids.
a reticular fiber stroma, lymphatic
sinusoids and trabeculac of smooth muscle.
4. large nodules of lymphoid cells, vascular
channels lined with reticuloendothelial
cells and sheathed arteries.

51.

Cell bodies of preganglionic parasympathetic

neurons to the duodenum are in the

60.

external carotid arteries.

thyrocervical trunks.
Both (1) and (2) above
Neither (1) nor (2) above

1. containing a collagenous fiber background,

and by resisting resorption when placed
under pressure as in orthodontic movement
of teeth.
2. forming the crest of the alveolar socket
at which place transseptal fibers of the
periodontal ligament are attached.
3. containing Sharpey's fibers which are
extensions of the reticular fibers of the
periodontal ligament.
4. being perforated by vascular canals and by
possessing numerous lamellae.

The nerves lying in close relation to the

lateral surfaces of the pericardial sac are
the
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Compact bone as found in the cribriform

plate (lamina dura) of the wall of the alveolar
socket is characterized by

vagus nerves.
phrenic nerves.
intercostal nerves.
lesser splanchnic nerves.
greater splanchnic nerves.

77. Examples of types of dense collagenous

connective tissue include

73. When a tooth first erupts into the oral

cavity, the attached epithelial cuff is
composed of epithelium derived from
1.
2.
3.
4.

a)

oral mucosa.
reduced dental epithelium.
epithelial rests of Malassez.
Hertwig's epithelial root sheath.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

74. The middle pharyngeal constrictor attaches

to the
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

tendon.

b)
c)
d)
e)

mandible.
hyoid bone.
cricoid cartilage.
pterygomandibular raphe.
lateral pterygoid plate.

ligament.
aponeurosis.
adipose tissue.
pigment tissue.

(a), b) and (c) only

(ai, b), (c) and (e)
(a , b) and (e) only
(c and (d)
All of the above

78. Ligamentous remnants of the fetal circulatory

system persisting in the adult include the
(a)
b)
c)
d)
(e)

ligamentum nuchae.
ligamentum venosum.
ligamentum arteriosum.
ligamentum teres of the liver.
ligamentum teres of the uterus.

1. (a), b and c)

75.

2.
3.
4.
5.

Erythrocytes are characterized by

(a) being round cells, and by functioning
best when outside of the bloodstream.
(b) shrinking and becoming crenated in
hypertonic saline solution, and by
containing heme which is an
endogenous pigment.
(c) becoming ghost cells in hypotonic
saline solution, and by having no
phagocytic ability.
(d) functioning essentially while within
the bloodstream, and by having
some ameboid motion.

79.

Which of the following items are components

of the tooth germ?
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)

1. (a) and (b)

2. b and (c)
3. b) and (d)
4. c) and (d)

Meckel's cartilage
Enamel organ
Successional lamina
Dental papilla
Vestibular lamina
Dental sac
Rathke's pouch

1. (a), (c), (e) and (g)

2. (b , d) and (f) only
3. b , d), (f) and (g)
4. d , e), (f) and (g)
5. d and (f) only
80.

76.

a), b and e)
a), d and e)
b), (c and d)
(c), (d) and (e)

The primary lymph nodes draining the

mandible are the

Which of the following structures pass

through the parotid gland?
)

(a) parotid nodes.

(b) retropharyngeal nodes.
(c) submandibular nodes.
(d) submental nodes.

63)
(c)
(d)
(e)

1. (a) and(1
2. a) and (d
3. b and (c
4. b) and (d)
5. c) and (d)

Facial nerve
Retromandibular vein
External carotid artery
Superficial temporal artery
Branches of the great auricular nerve

1.(1, (b) and (c)

2. (a , (b) and (d)
3. (a , (c) and (e)
4. (b), (c) and (e)
5. All of the above

ANATOMIC SCIENCES

1.

Those papillae of the tongue which are the

largest, the least numerous, have many taste
buds and are associated with the ducts of
von Ebner's glands are
1.
3.
4.

2.

4.

4.

3.
4.

4.

9.

2.
3.
4.

10.

palatoglossus and styloglossus .nuscles.

palatoglossus and stylopharyngeus
muscles.
palatoglossus and palatopharyngcus
muscles.
None of the above

2.
3.
4.

11.

1.
2.

2.
3.
4.

3.
4.

cylindrical.
wider at its junctions with the cervical
canal.
wider anteroposteriorly than from right
to left.
roughly triangular in shape and
compressed anteroposteriorly.

12.

as lines in the enamel running at right

angles to the enamel surface.
as lines in the dentin running at right
angles to the dentinoenamel junction
in enamel and follow the appositional
pattern.
in dentin and follow the appositional
pattern.

The zona reticularis is the inner layer of the

1.
2.
3.
4.

elastic fibers.
collagen fibers.
reticular fibers.
a mixture of elastic and collagen fibers.
mixture of elastic and reticular fibers.

Incremental lines of Retzius appear

1.

The uterine cavity, excluding the cervical

canal, is

through the mandibular notch to enter the

muscle on its medial surface.
superior to the zygomatic arch to enter
the muscle on its lateral surface .
posterior to the temporomandibular
joint.
deep to the medial pterygoid muscle.

The principal fibrous elements of the

periodontal ligament in adults consist
chiefly of
1.
2.
3.
4.
S. a

peritoneal fold connecting the lesser

curvature of the stomach and the first
part of the duodenum to the liver.
part of the peritoneal cavity separated
from the greater sac.
layer of retroperitoneal fat around the
kidneys.
mesentery connecting the liver to the
anterior abdominal wall.

increase in water.
decrease in water and organic content.
decrease in water and increase in organic
content.
increase in water and decrease in organic
con tent.

The nerve to the masseter passes

1.

subclavian artery.
superior vena cava.
junction of external and internal
jugular veins.
junction of internal jugular and
subclavian veins.

bone.
dentin.
enamel.
cartilage.

Maturation of enamel is characterized by a

percentage increase in inorganic ccn ..ent and
a percentage
1.
2.
3.

granular endoplasmic reticulum.

the Golgi apparatus.
mitochondria.
lysosomes.

The lesser omentum is a

1.

6.

8.

The pillars of the fauces are formed by

mucosa and the underlying
1.
2.

5.

foliate.
filiform.
fungiform.
circumvallate.

The thoracic duct extends from the uppc,

part of the abdomen to the base of the neck
where it ends in the
1.
2.
3.

The degree of mineralization of normal cementum

is approximately that of
1.
2.
3.
4.

Cytoplasmic ribonucleic acid is localized in

1.
2.
3.
4.

3.

7.

cortex of the thymus.

medulla of the thymus.
cortex of the suprarenal (adrenal).
medulla of the suprarenal (adrenal).

46.

The papillary layer of the dcrmis differs from

the reticular layer in that the papillary layer
1.
2.
3.
4.

51.

contains larger blood vessels than the

reticular layer.
has a few elastic fibers, whereas the
reticular layer has no elastic fibers.
is composed of coarse collagenous fibers,
whereas the reticular layer is composed
of predominately fine collagenous fibers.
is more finely constructed, whereas the
reticular layer contains coarser
collagenous fibers as a component.

The retromandibular vein is formed by the

junction of the maxillary vein and the
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

52.

In the human fetus, developing blood cells are

found in
1.
2.
3.
4.

47. The organelle that binds and releases calcium

during relaxation and contraction of skeletal
muscle is a
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

nucleus.
I ysosome.
mitochondrion.
transverse tubule.
sarcoplasmic reticulum.

53.

1.
2.
3.
4.

on the lateral surface of the

temporomandibular joint.
on the anterior surface of the
temporomandibular joint.
covering the entire posterior aspect of
the temporomandibular joint.
connecting the mandibular condyle to the
zygomatic bone.

54.

liver, pancreas and lymph nodes.

red bone marrow, liver, spleen and
lymph nodes.
red bone marrow, liver, spleen and lungs.
submucosa of the small intestine and
lymph nodes.

In the post-eruptive phase, a tooth undergoes

primarily
1.
2.
3.
4.

48. The temporomandibular ligament is found

facial vein.
middle temporal vein.
transverse facial vein.
posterior auricular vein.
superficial temporal vein.

movements in an occlusal direction.

movements in an apical direction.
movements in a distal direction.
rotational movements.

The first formed portion of the dentin is

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

circumpulpal dentin.
intertubular dentin.
transparent dentin.
reparative dentin.
mantle dentin.

49. The submucosa of the anterolateral area of

the hard palate is characterized by
L serous glands only.
2. mucous glands only.
3. mixed serous and mucous glands.
4. adipose tissue.
5. dense connective tissue.

55.

L lacunae.
2. lamellae.
3. canaliculi.
4. cementocytes.

50. During active tooth eruption, bone formation

is often seen at the base of the socket.
This newly formed bone is usually in the form of
1.
2.
3.
4.

Primary cementum possesses

56.

Embryologically, the spinal autonomic

ganglia are derived from
1.
2.
3.
4.

osteons.
compact bone.
radiating trabeculae.
horizontal trabeculae.

the neural crest.

the neural tube.
cranial placodes.
all of the above.

57.

The cells of the sulcular epithelium are

joined by
1.
2.
3.
4.

58.

by way of general visceral efferent

nerve fibers from the salivatory
nuclei.
(b) by way of general visceral efferent
nerve fibers from the lateral horns
of the spinal cord.
(c)
from preganglionic cells located in
the midbrain.
(d) from the vagus nerve.
(a)

1. (a) and (b) only

2. (a), (b) and (d)
3. (a) and (c)
4. (b), (c) and (d)
5. (c) and (d) only

the Golgi apparatus.

microtubules.
mitochondria.
nucleoli.

64.

Cementum replaces resorbed

bone.
a)
b)
dentin.
c)
enamel.
(d) cemen tum.

Epithelial cells of the small intestine show

surface modification known as
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

60.

Salivary glands receive innervation

desmosomes.
tonofibrils.
terminal webs.
hemidesmosomes.

The cellular organelles which may be

characterized as being numerous during
mitosis and serving as the cytoskeleton when
present in intermitotic cells are
1.
2.
3.
4.

59.

63.

stereocilia.
the ciliary border.
the striated border.
the cuticular border.
none of the above.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

The palatine shelf is a medial extension of the

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

65.

(a) and (b)

(a) and (c)
(b) and(c)
(b) and (d)
(c) and (d)

Mucus-secreting cells are found in the

lateral nasal process.

medial nasal process. intermaxillary process.
mandibular process.
maxillary process.

parotid gland.
(a)
(b) submandibular gland.
mucosa of the trachea.
mucosa of the ureter.
d)
e)
glands of the esophagus.
nId
and
3
4: M
, c t) rd
(c) and
5. (b) and (d) only

12:
61.

From an anatomic standpoint, an emergency

airway may be established most readily by an
opening into the trachea
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

62.

66.

at the level of the jugular notch.

through the thyrohyoid membrane.
through the median cricothyroid
ligament.
between the thyroid cartilages.
None of the above

(a) masseter.
(b)
temporalis.
(c) medial pterygoid.
(d) lateral pterygoid.
(c)
digastric.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Most of the antibodies in the body which act

against bacterial antigens are produced by
1.
2.
3.
4.

Muscles forming a mediolateral sling around

the angle of the mandible include the

T-lymphocytes.
B-lymphocytes.
macrophages.
plasma cells.

(a) and (b)

(a) and (c)
(b) and (c)
( b) and (d)
(c) and (d)
(c) and (e)
(d) and (e)

67.

70.

The fate of the epithelial rests of Malassez

is that they may
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Which of the following are correct with

respect to pancreatic islets?
(a)

undergo calcification.
form into cementicles.
become fibrous.
form cartilaginous nodules.

(b)

(c)

a) and (b) only

a), (b) and (c)
b) and (c) only
b), (c) and (d)
c) and (d) only

(d)

1.

2.

3.
4.
5.
6.

68.

A sinusoidal arrangement of blood vessels is

found in the
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
1.
2.

3.

4.

71.

(b)
(c)
(d)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Which of the following statements apply to

DNA?
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

(a) and (d)

(b) and (c)
(b) and (d)
(c) and (d)

(a)

72.
69.

(a) and (b)

(a) and (c)

What is the usual sequence of events in the

histogenesis of a tooth?

hypophysis (pituitary).
spleen.
kidney.
liver.

(a) and (b) only

(a), (b) and (d)
(a) and (c)
(b), (c) and (d)

Islets develop with duct systems

which retrogress.
The products of beta cells function
by reducing blood sugar level.
The products of alpha cells function
by raising blood sugar level.
Intrinsic stroma of islets is a
network of reticular fibers, but the
surrounding capsule consists
of collagen fibers.

Deposition of the first layer of

enamel
Deposition of the first layer of
dentin
Elongation of the inner dental
epithelial cells
Differentiation of odontoblasts

a, b, c, d
c, d, a, b
c, d, b, a
d, a, b, c
d, c, b, a

Special visceral afferent fibers for taste are

conveyed in which of the following cranial
nerves?
I. V, VII and IX
2. VII, IX and X
3. VII, IX and XII
4. XII only

It is found as a component of
the nucleoli.
It can be distinguished from RNA
by the Feulgen reaction.
In polyploidy, it is a multiple of
the normal cell chromosome
content.
It is not confined to the
chromosomes.

73.

Surgical excision of the parotid gland

endangers which of the following structures
in addition to the facial nerve?
1. Hypoglossai nerve
2. Motor nerves to the muscles of
mastication
3. External carotid artery and
auriculotemporal nerve
4. Lesser occipital nerve and spinal
accessory nerve

(a) and (b)

(a) and (c)
(a) and (d)
(b) and (c)
(b) and (d)
(c) and (d)

1.

A section of the posterior the of the

hypophysis contains mainly
1.
2.
3.
4.

Anatomic Sciences

7.

follicles.
alpha and beta cells.
chromophobes and chromophils.
unmyelinated nerve fibers.

The epithelial root sheath (Hertwig) is

essential to development of the root of a
tooth because it
1.
2.
3.

2. The artery most commonly involved in stroke

is the
1.
2.
3.
4.

lenticulostriate.
anterior cerebral.
posterior cerebral.
middle meningeal.

4.

8.

In skeletal muscle, a triad consists of

1.

3.

4.

The fiber group in the periodontal ligament

that constitutes the main support of the tooth
against masticatory forces is the

2.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

4.

Nonarticular surfaces of the

temporomandibular joint are covered with
1.
2.
3.
4.

5.

4.

6.

9.

10.

Heart
Phrenic nerve
Thoracic duct
Arch of the aorta
Recurrent laryngeal nerve

Ascending pharyngeal
Superior thyroid
Maxillary
Facial

The cytoplasm of osteoblasts stains intensely

with basic dyes. This is caused by the
1.
2.
3.
4.

11.

a "T" tubule and associated

mitochondria.
a '1" tubule and invagination of the
sarcolemma.
a zone of attachment between adjacent
cells.
terminal cisternae and sarcoplasmic
reticulum.
terminal cisternae and a fingerlike
invagination of the sarcolemma.

The arterial supply of the submandibular

gland is from which branch of the external
carotid artery?
1.
2.
3.
4.

Osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteoid

Osteoblasts, osteoid, megakaryocytes
Perichondrium, osteoblasts, periosteal
bud
Periosteum, epiphyseal ossification
centers, osteoblasts

Which of the following structures may be

found within the posterior mediastinum?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

5.

periosteum.
fibrocartilage.
elastic cartilage.
hyaline cartilage.

Which of the following elements are present

during development and growth of the
alveolar process?
1.
2.
3.

3.

apical.
oblique.
transverse.
horizontal.
transseptal.

remains as an essential constituent of the

periodontal ligament.
gives rise to cementoblasts that produce
cementum of the root.
gives rise to odontoblasts that lay down
dentin of the root.
molds the shape of the root and
stimulates differentiation of odontoblasts.

high ribonucleic acid content.

high content of potassium ions.
increased number of mitochondria.
presence of acidophilic substances.

Which of the following structures crosses the

masseter muscle and pierces the buccinator
muscle?
1.
2.
3.
4.

Parotid duct
Masseteric nerve
Transverse facial artery
Zygomatic muscle branch of the facial
nerve

12.

In the Pain Gate Theory, a controller system

modulates sensory input so that there is a
selective and integrative action occurring
before impulses reach the first synapse for
onward transmission. The gate controller in
this system is the
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

13.

Colloid in the usual thyroid follicle stains

1.
2.
3.
4.

19.

basophilic.
acidophi lic.
positive for DNA.
positive for steroids.

In the photomicrograph below of the

interface of dental pulp and dentin, predentin
is indicated with the letter

1'

Facial
Maxillary
External nasal
Greater palatine
Anterior superior alveolar

e-1*

tit

41/4.4

The alternate loosening and tightening of a

primary tooth that is about to be shed results
from
1.
2.
3.
4.

16.

18.

Perikymata
Enamel spindle
Gnarled enamel
Granular layer of Tomes

Which of the following arteries is most

concerned with the blood supply to the
upper lip?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

15.

Ebner's and palatal

Ebner's and parotid
Ebner's and sublingual
Parotid and submandibular

Of the structures seen on a ground section of

a permanent lateral incisor, which of the
following was formed first?
1.
2.
3.
4.

Which of the following adult salivary glands

are entirely serous?
1.
2.
3.
4.

14.

T-cell.
large A fiber.
small C fiber.
central control.
substantia gelatinosa.

17.

lack of a developing permanent

successor.
labial movement of the developing
permanent tooth.
alternate resorption and apposition of
cementum and bone.
alternate softening and hardening of
alveolar bone proper.

Which of the following structures can be

palpated by way of the external acoustic
meatus?
1.
2.
3.
4.

Zygomatic arch
Mandibular notch
Lateral pterygoid muscle
Posterior aspect of the mandibular
condyle

1.
2.
3.
4.

20.

A.
B.
C.
D.

The middle cranial fossa is separated from

the posterior cranial fossa primarily by the
1.
2.
3.
4.

crista galli.
groove for the transvere sinus.
lesser wing of the sphenoid bone.
petrous part of the temporal bone.

Ai

--

44
-.1

21.

The normoblast is a developmental stage of

the
1.
2.
3.
4.

monocyte.
lymphocyte.
eosinophil.
erythrocyte.

22. When a tendon or a ligament is attached to

bone, the attaching fibers are
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

23.

3.
4.
5.

24.

27.

28.

29.

1.
2.
3.
4.

dissolution without contribution to any

definitive structure.
dissolution with minor contribution to
ossification.
an active role in ossification of the
mandibular body.
an active role in ossification of the
alveolar process.

30.

The sphenomandibular ligament is attached

the

1.
2.

4.
The long axes of mandibular condyles
intersect at the foramen magnum indicating
that these axes are directed
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

transversely.
anteroposteriorly.
anteromedially.
posteromedially.
None of the above

hyoid arch.
thyrohyoid arch.
branchial pouch.
maxillary process.
frontonasal process.

to

3.

25.

alveolar crest.
probe-depth measurement.
base of the histologic sulcus.
degree of periodontal health.
arrangement of supraalveolar fibers.

In the human embryo, during the third week

of development, the first branchial arch
divides to form the mandibular process and
the
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

The fate of Meckel's cartilage is believed to

be

stratum corneum.
flattened superficial cells.
dome-shaped superficial cells.
more visible ground substance.

The free gingival groove is related to the

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

hemisphere.

Thymus
Peyer's patch
Lingual tonsil
Palatine tonsil
Pharyngeal tonsil

In a relaxed state, transitional epithelium can

be distinguished from stratified squamous
epithelium because transitional epithelium
contains
1.
2.
3.
4.

ventral surface of the brain stem.

ventral surface of the cerebral

lateral surface of the cerebral

hemisphere.
anterior region of the medial surface of
the cerebral hemisphere.
posterior region of the medial surface of
the cerebral hemisphere.

Which of the following has no lymph sinuses

and is surrounded partly by connective tissue
and partly by epithelium, the latter forming
deep infoldings?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Tomes' fibers.
principal fibers.
haversian fibers.
Sharpey's fibers.
interstitial fibers.

The middle cerebral artery is distributed on

the
1.
2.

26.

31.

lesser wing of the sphenoid bone and

the neck of the mandible.
spine of the sphenoid bone and lingula
of the mandible.
spine of the sphenoid bone and the
angle of the mandible.
None of the above

After exertion, an athlete is puffing. Which of

the following paired muscles helps maintain
a wide airway through the larynx?
1.
2.
3.
4.

Cricothyroid
Aryepiglottic
Thyroarytenoid
Posterior cricoarytenoid

32.

Which of the following layers is totally

lacking in thin skin?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

33.

3.
4.

34.

38.

retention of the stellate reticulum.

adherence of the root sheath to the
dentinal surface.
a break in the root sheath before
formation of dentin.
an epithelial rest that lies in contact with
the dentin of the root.

The arrow in the sketch below points to the

Bifid tongue is a result of lack of fusion of

the
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Stratum basale
Stratum lucidum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum corneum
Stratum granulosum

Accessory root canals can be formed by

t
2.

37.

The greater peritoneal sac communicates

with the lesser peritoneal sac by means of
the
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

39.

1.
2.
3.
4.

35.

36.

abducens nucleus.
oculomotor nucleus.
motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve.
motor nucleus of the hypoglossal nerve.

1.
2.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

3.

Cyclic DNA has been found in or associated

with which of the following organelles?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Centriole
Mitochondrion
Golgi apparatus
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

4.
5.

42.

Dental sac
Dental papilla
Inner enamel epithelium
Outer enamel epithelium
Epithelial root sheath (Hertwig)

The medial (internal) pterygoid muscle is

attached to the

Gingiva is different from alveolar mucosa in

that gingiva has
elastic fibers.
simple epithelium.
muscularis mucosa.
stratified epithelium.
high connective tissue papillae.

thoracic aorta.
ascending aorta.
arch of the aorta.
pulmonary artery.
brachiocephalic artery.

Which of the following is the embryonic

precursor of cementoblasts?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

41.

aortic hiatus.
inguinal canal.
epiploic foramen.
lesser pelvic aperture.
superior pelvic aperture.

Right subclavian and right common carotid

arteries arise from the
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

40.

copula.
valleculae.
tuberculum impar.
lateral swellings.
None of the above

pterygoid hamulus.
lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid
plate.
medial surface of the lateral pterygoid
plate.
medial surface of the medial pterygoid
plate.
lateral surface of the greater wing of the
sphenoid.

Schwann's cells arise from

1.
2.
3.
4.

glial cells.
spongioblasts.
neural crest cells.
neuroepithelial cells of the ependymal
zone.

43.

Which of the following describes the manner

in which tissue fluid reaches the epithelium
of the skin?
1.
2.
3.
4.

44.

4.

49.

50.

2.
3.

52.
Inorganic crystals in enamel have their long
axes parallel to the rods in the
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

centers of the bodies of the rods only.

periphery of the bodies of the rods only.
bodies of the rods and deviating
increasingly in the tails.
tails of the rods and deviating
increasingly from the centers of the
bodies to the periphery.
tails of the rods and deviating
increasingly from the periphery of the
bodies to the centers.

Smooth only
Cardiac only
Skeletal only
Smooth and cardiac
Cardiac and skeletal

The spheno-occipital synchondrosis in the

midline of the cranial base of a newborn
consists of
1.
2.
3.
4.

ductus venosus carries unoxygenated

blood.
ductus arteriosus carries fully oxygenated
blood.
foramen ovale allows blood to pass
primarily from the right atrium to the left
atrium.

Maxillary nerve
Zygomatic nerve
Lacrimal artery
Maxillary artery

Peripherally located nuclei are found in

which of the following types of adult muscle
cells?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

51.

It relaxes.
It moves inferiorly.
It moves superiorly.
It does not change position.
It compresses thoracic viscera.

Which of the following structures passes

through the foramen rotundum?
1.
2.
3.
4.

Biceps brachii
Triceps brachii
Brachioradialis
Latissimus dorsi
Extensor digitorum communis

The circulatory system of a near-term fetus

differs from that of an adult in that, in the
fetus, the
1.

47.

3.

4.
5.

Which of the following muscles serves as the

prime extensor of the forearm?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

46.

The genetic make-up of the individual

The nutritional state of the individual
Whether epiphyses of the long bones are
fused
Whether there is a concomitant excess
of thyroxine

During deep inspiration, the diaphragm

behaves in which of the following ways?
1.
2.

In the condition of hypersecretion of growth

hormone, which of the following determines
whether gigantism or acromegaly results?
1.
2.
3.

45.

Arterioles are directly involved in tissue

fluid exchange with the epithelium.
Capillaries are directly involved in tissue
fluid exchange with the epithelium.
Tissue fluid is obtained through the
ground substance of connective tissue
from arterioles.
Tissue fluid is obtained through the
ground substance of connective tissue
from capillaries.

48.

hyaline cartilage.
elastic cartilage.
fibrous cartilage.
fibrous connective tissue.

The papillary layer of the dermis differs from

the reticular layer in that the papillary layer
1.
2.
3.

4.

contains larger blood vessels than the

reticular layer.
has a few elastic fibers, whereas the
reticular layer has no elastic fibers.
is composed of coarse collagenous
fibers, whereas the reticular layer is
composed of predominately fine
collagenous fibers.
is more finely constructed, whereas the
reticular layer contains coarser
collagenous fibers as a component.

53.

In an adult, cerebrospinal fluid can be

aspirated most safely by inserting the needle
between third and fourth lumbar vertebrae
because
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

54.

the spinal cord does not extend below

lumbar 2.
the subarachnoid space does not extend
below lumbar 4.
there is more space between laminae of
these vertebrae.
there are no important nerves in this part
of the vertebral canal.
there is little danger of entering the
internal vertebral plexus at this level.

59.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

60.

Lymphocyte
Eosi noph i I
Plasma cell
Skeletal muscle cell
Reticuloendothelial cell

The facial process indicated with the letter A

in the sketch below of the head and neck
region of a human embryo gives rise to the

sweat glands in the submucosa.

groups of sebaceous glands associated
with hair follicles.
dense, collagenous fibers that immovably
fix it to the orbicularis oris muscle.
a stratified, squamous, keratinized
epithelium with a thicker lamina propria.
a stratified, squamous, nonkeratinized
epithelium with a thinner lamina
propria.

Long bones of the skeleton increase in length

because of
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

mitotic division of osteocytes.

mitotic division of osteoblasts.
resorption of primary bone by
osteoclasts.
appositional growth on the cartilaginous
epiphyseal plate.
interstitial growth in the cartilaginous
epiphyseal plate.

1.
2.
3.
4.

61.
57.

thoracic aorta.
musculophrenic arteries.
pericardiacophrenic arteries.
internal thoracic arteries.
superior epigastric arteries.

Which of the following cells contains a large

amount of rough-surfaced endoplasmic
reticulum?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

lines the ventricles of the brain.

lines the ventricles of the heart.
forms a part of the peripheral neuroglia.
covers nerve cell bodies in a ganglion.

55. The oral mucosa of the cheek differs from

the skin covering the outer surface of the lip
by possessing

The upper five or six anterior intercostal

arteries are branches of the
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Ependymal cells constitute the tissue that

1.
2.
3.
4.

56.

58.

Which of the following cells aid in the

immunologic defense of the body?
1.
2.
3.
4.

Mast cells
Giant cells
Neutrophils
Plasma cells

nasal septum.
nasal conchae.
primary palate.
secondary palate.

Polymerization of amino acids to form

procollagen filaments occurs
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

on ribosomes.
in the golgi apparatus.
on the fibroblast surface.
in rough, endoplasmic reticulum.
after cleavage of the registration peptide.

62.

In salivary glands, folds of the basal portion

of the cell membrane containing
mitochondria are characteristic of the
1.
2.
3.
4.

63.

64.

69.

2.
3.
4.

loose connective tissue and folds of

muscularis externa.
folds of submucosa that contain blood
vessels and Meissner's plexus.
a lamina propria that contains blood
vessels, nerves and lacteals.
connective tissue and two fairly
substantial layers of smooth muscle.

During growth of the mandible, resting lines

are seen in the cortical bone. This
phenomenon is a result of
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

3.
4.

70.

71.

depress the hyoid bone.

raise the floor of the mouth.
approximate faucial
close the opening to the nasopharynx.
prevent food from entering the larynx.

Infections or neoplasms that spread by

lymphatics from the skin of the angle of the
mouth pass to the
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

parotid nodes.
cavernous sinus.
pterygoid plexus.
submandibular nodes.
anterior auricular nodes.

facial artery.
maxillary artery.
internal carotid artery.
superficial temporal artery.

Eversion of valves of atrioventricular orifices

of the heart is prevented by papillary muscles
and
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

73.

Thymus
Spleen
Lymph node
Peyer's patch
Pharyngeal tonsil

The pterygoid plexus and its tributaries are

the venous parallel of the
1.
2.
3.
4.

bone apposition.
internal stress in bone.
calcification of cartilage.
eruption of permanent teeth.
endochondral bone resorption.

The mylohyoid muscle functions to

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

67.

mucous membrane only.

mucous membrane and the genioglossus
muscle.
mucous membrane and the buccinator
muscle.
mucous membrane and the geniohyoid
muscle.

In which of the following glands is the blood

supply most isolated from the parenchyma?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

72.
66.

To expose the submandibular duct by an

intraoral approach, one must cut through
1.
2.

dorsal horn of the spinal cord.

ventral horn of the spinal cord.
dorsal root ganglion of a spinal nerve.
ventral root ganglion of a spinal nerve.
ganglion of the autonomic nervous
system.

dental sac.
dental papilla.
epithelial rests.
epithelial diaphragm.

The cores of intestinal villi consist of

1.

65.

Multiple root formation in a tooth follows

unequal proliferation of the
1.
2.
3.
4.

cells composing demilunes.

cells of the striated ducts.
cells of the intercalated ducts.
serous cells of the parotid gland.

The cell body of a somatic afferent neuron is

found in the
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

68.

the terminal crest.

the ligamentum teres.
the ligamentum venosum.
chordae tendineae cordis.
trabeculae carneae cordis.

A lymph node is characterized by

1.
2.
3.
4.

containing medullary cords.

lacking afferent lymphatics.
having crypts lined with stratified
squamous epithelium.
having efferent lymphatics leaving at
multiple sites from the capsule.

74.

An organ with a retroperitoneal location that

can be approached surgically without
violating the community of the peritoneum is
the
1.
2.
3.
4.

80. Considering number and location, the

parathyroid glands are usually
1.
2.

ovary.
kidney.
spleen.
gallbladder.

3.
4.
5.

single and dorsal to the thyroid gland.

single and embedded in the dorsum of
the thyroid gland.
multiple and embedded in the dorsum
of the thyroid gland.
multiple and just superior to the thyroid
gland.
not related to the thyroid gland.

75. The component of bone tissue that gives

bone tensile strength is the
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

76.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

82.

Spleen
Cystic duct
Left kidney
Head of the pancreas
Fundus of the stomach

Maxillary teeth are developed from which of

the following embryonic structures?
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

(ibrocartilage.
hyaline cartilage.
elastic cartilage.
articular disks.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Arch I
Arch II
Globular process
Lateral nasal process

(a) and 831

(a) and (c)
(b) and (c)
(b) and (d)
(c) and (d)

Blood vessels in interdental papillae

anastomose freely with
1.
2.
3.
4.

79.

Cilia
Flagella
Microvilli
All of the above

Which of the following is found in the curve

of the duodenum?

Articular surfaces of most diarthrodial joints

are covered by
1.
2.
3.
4.

78.

81.

Which of the following epithelial surface

variations serve primarily to increase the
functional surface area?
1.
2.
3.
4.

77.

elastic fibers.
calcified ground substance.
interconnecting canaliculi.
periosteal connective tissue.
collagenous fibrils of matrix.

periodontal vessels only.

interalveolar vessels only.
both periodontal and interalveolar
vessels.
none of the above.

83.

A sinusoidal arrangement of blood vessels is

found in the
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

A major tract connecting right and left

cerebral hemispheres is the
1.
2.
3.
4.

cingulum.
corpus callosum.
internal capsule.
superior occipitofrontal bundle.

1.
2.
3.
4.

hypophysis.
spleen.
kidney.
liver.

(a) and (b) only

(a), (b) and (d)
(a) and (c)
(b), (c) and (d)

74.

An organ with a retroperitoneal location that

can be approached surgically without
violating the community of the peritoneum is
the
1.
2.
3.
4.

80.

Considering number and location, the

parathyroid glands are usually
1.
2.

ovary.
kidney.
spleen.
gallbladder.

3.
4.
5.

single and dorsal to the thyroid gland.

single and embedded in the dorsum of
the thyroid gland.
multiple and embedded in the dorsum
of the thyroid gland.
multiple and just superior to the thyroid
gland.
not related to the thyroid gland.

75. The component of bone tissue that gives

bone tensile strength is the
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

76.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

82.

Spleen
Cystic duct
Left kidney
Head of the pancreas
Fundus of the stomach

Maxillary teeth are developed from which of

the following embryonic structures?
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

fibrocartilage.
hyaline cartilage.
elastic cartilage.
articular disks.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Arch I
Arch II
Globular process
Lateral nasal process

(a) and (b)

(a) and (c)
(b) and (c)
(b) and (d)
(c) and (d)

Blood vessels in interdental papillae

anastomose freely with
1.
2.
3.
4.

79.

Cilia
Flagella
Microvilli
All of the above

Which of the following is found in the curve

of the duodenum?

Articular surfaces of most diarthrodial joints

are covered by
1.
2.
3.
4.

78.

81.

Which of the following epithelial surface

variations serve primarily to increase the
functional surface area?
1.
2.
3.
4.

77.

elastic fibers.
calcified ground substance.
interconnecting canaliculi.
periosteal connective tissue.
collagenous fibrils of matrix.

periodontal vessels only.

interalveolar vessels only.
both periodontal and interalveolar
vessels.
none of the above.

A major tract connecting right and left

cerebral hemispheres is the
1.
2.
3.
4.

cingulum.
corpus callosum.
internal capsule.
superior occipitofrontal bundle.

83.

A sinusoidal arrangement of blood vessels is

found in the
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

hypophysis.
spleen.
kidney.
liver.

1. (a) and (b) only

2. (a), (b) and (d)
3. (a) and (c)
4. (b), (c) and (d)

84.

Which of the following organs have the

closest anatomic relationship to the right
kidney?
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(0
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

87.

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

Colon
Liver
Spleen
Stomach
Duodenum
Pancreas

(e)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

(a), (b) and (c)

(a), (b) and (e)
(a), (c) and (d)
(b), (d) and (f)
(c), (e) and (0
(d), (e) and 0)

88.

85.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

(a), (b) and (c)

(a) and (c) only
(a) and (d) only
(a), (d) and (e)
(b), (c) and (d)
(b) and (e)

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

89.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

undergo calcification.
form into cementicles.
become fibrous.
form cartilaginous nodules.

(a) and (b) only

(a), (b) and (c)
(b) and (c) only
(b), (c) and (d)
(c) and (d) only

Ligamentous remnants of the fetal circulatory

system persisting in the adult include

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

90.

Clavicle
Eleventh rib
Manubrium
First rib
Xiphoid process

(a), (b) and (d)

(b), (d) and (e)
(c), (d) and (e)
(c) and (e) only
All of the above

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)

The fate of the epithelial rests of Malassez is

that they may
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

(a), (b) and (c)

(a), (b) and (d) only
(a), (b), (d) and (e)
(a), (c) and (d)
(b), (d) and (e) only
All of the above

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)

Nucleus
Lysosome
Golgi complex
Mitochondrion
Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Enamel of primary incisors

Enamel of permanent canines
Enamel of permanent first molars
Dentin of permanent mandibular
incisors
Dentin of permanent first molars

Which of the following articulate directly

with the body of the sternum?

Which of the following organelles have a

double-unit membrane?
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)

86.

Neonatal lines are found in which of the

following?

ligamentum nuchae.
ligamentum venosum.
ligamentum arteriosum.
ligamentum teres of the liver.
ligamentum teres of the uterus.

(a), (b) and (c)

(a), (b) and (e)
(a), (d) and (e)
(b), (c) and (d)
(c), (d) and (e)

Which of the following structures of the

infratemporal fossa is NOT found between
medial and lateral pterygoid muscles?
1.
2.
3.
4.

Lingual nerve
Inferior alveolar nerve
Inferior alveolar artery
Nerve to the masseter muscle

10

91.

All of the following structures are concerned

with development of the tongue EXCEPT the
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

92.

93.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

96.

97.

globular dentin.
the neonatal line.
striae of Retzius.
contour lines of Owen.
odontoblastic processes.

Apical
Oblique
Horizontal
Gingivodental

Which of the following structures is NOT

found in the substance of the parotid gland?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

98.

Trachea
Bronchioles
Alveolar ducts
Primary bronchus

Which of the following is NOT a "principal"

collagenous fiber group of the periodontal
ligament?
1.
2.
3.
4.

Parathyroids
Adrenal cortex
Adrenal medulla
Anterior pituitary
Pancreatic islets (Langerhans)

All of the following structures may be found

in dentin EXCEPT

Epithelium of which of the following

structures of the respiratory system does NOT
normally have cilia?
1.
2.
3.
4.

lingual nerve.
lingual artery
hypoglossal nerve.
submandibular duct.

The secretion of which of the following

endocrine glands is NOT essential to life?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

94.

copula.
macula.
tuberculum impar.
second branchial arch.
third branchial arch.

All of the following structures lie superficial

to the hyoglossus muscle EXCEPT the
1.
2.
3.
4.

95.

Facial vein
Facial nerve
External carotid artery
Superficial temporal artery
A branch of the great auricular nerve

Submental lymph nodes receive lymphatic

vessels from all of the following EXCEPT
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

mandibular molars.
the tip of the tongue.
the middle of the lower lip.
mandibular lateral incisors.
mandibular central incisors.

ANSWER KEY
ANATOMIC SCIENCES - DEC. 1985

NO.

ANS.

NO.

ANS.

NO.

ANS.

NO.

ANS.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

4
1
2
1
1

26.
27.
28.
29.
30.

5
3
5
4
2

51.
52.
53.
54.
55.

1
4
1
1
5

76.
77.
78.
79.
80.

3
2
3
2
3

6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

3
4
5
4
1

31.
32.
33.
34.
35.

4
2
3
4
5

56.
57.
58.
59.
60.

5
4
4
3
4

81.
82.
83.
84.
85.

4
2
2
2
3

11.
12.
13.
14.
15.

1
5
2
1
3

36.
37.
38.
39.
40.

2
4
3
5
1

61.
62.
63.
64.
65.

2
2
3
3
1

86.
87.
88.
89.
90.

1
6
4
4
4

16.
17.
18.
19.
20.

4
2
2
3
4

41,
42.
43.
44.
45.

3
3
4
3
2

66.
67.
68.
69.
70.

2
4
4
1
1

91.
92.
93.
94.
95.

2
2
3
3
3

21.
22.
23.
24.
25.

4
4
3
2
4

46.
47.
48.
49.
50.

3
3
2
1
3

71.
72.
73.
74.
75.

2
4
1
2
5

96.
97.
98.

4
1
1

Biochemistry-Physiology Exam

12

1. The km value of an enzyme is numerically

equal to
1.
2.
3.
4.

2.

half the maximum velocity expressed in

moles/liter.
velocity of a reaction divided by
substrate concentration.
substrate concentration in moles/liter
necessary to achieve half the maximum
velocity of a reaction.
maximum velocity divided by half the
substrate concentration in moles
necessary to achieve maximum velocity.

6.

1.
2.
3.
4.

7.

1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol.
25-hydroxycholecalciferol.
7-dehydrocholesterol.
cholecalciferol.
ergosterol.

8.

1.
2.

4.
Which of the following is an example of
reduction?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

4.

-CH - CH- + H20 -CH, CHOHR-COOH R-000- + H +

-CH, CH, -* -CH - CH- + H2
Cu+ Cu+,+ eFe+' + e Fe+ 2

5.

9.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

carboxylation of pyruyic acid.

transamination of aspartic acid.
cleavage of fl-hydroxy-/3-methylglutaryl
CoA.
oxidative decarboxylation of
a-ketoglutarate.
oxidation of L-B-hydroxybutyrate followed
by deacylation.

10.

Acids found in the citric acid (Krebs) cycle

are

1.
2.
3.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

glutamic acid and succinic acid.

glucuronic acid and aspartic acid.
oxaloacetic acid and aspartic acid.
oxaloacetic acid and pyruvic acid.
oxaloacetic acid and a-ketoglutaric acid.

11.

AMP.
ATP.
cyclic AMP.
adenylate cyclase.
a cytoplasmic receptor.

Human parotid saliva is believed to be

hyposmolar because

4.
5.

synapse limits the direction of travel.

myelin sheath limits the direction of
travel.
myoneural junction limits the direction
of travel.
nerve fiber permits conduction in only
one direction.
cell body must be stimulated before the
nerve fiber will conduct.

The intracellular, "second" messenger for

many peptide and polypeptide hormones is
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

The ketone body acetoacetate is synthesized

inside mitochondria of hepatocytes by

urea.
chloride.
carbohydrate.
bicarbonate ion.

An impulse can travel from one nerve to

another in only one direction because the

3.

3.

diabetes mellitus.
negative nitrogen balance.
exceeded his renal threshold for glucose.
excessive damage to a glomerulus of the
kidney.

Carbonic anhydrase in kidney tubular cells is

associated with reabsorption of
1.
2.
3.
4.

The physiologically active form of vitamin D

produced in the kidney is
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

The presence of glucose in the urine proves

that the patient has

water is reabsorbed by excretory ducts of

the gland.
acinar cells transport water more readily
than sodium ions.
striated duct cells produce excess water
and retain potassium.
reabsorption of water by striated duct
cells is less than reabsorption of sodium.

Which of the following is the major

contributor to colloid osmotic pressure?
1.
2.
3.
4.

Albumin
Alpha globulin
Beta globulin
Gamma globulin

Biochemistry-Physiology Exam

12

1. The k m value of an enzyme is numerically

equal to
1.
2.
3.
4.

2.

half the maximum velocity expressed in

moles/liter.
velocity of a reaction divided by
substrate concentration.
substrate concentration in moles/liter
necessary to achieve half the maximum
velocity of a reaction.
maximum velocity divided by half the
substrate concentration in moles
necessary to achieve maximum velocity.

6.

1.
2.
3.
4.

7.

1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol.
25-hydroxycholecalciferol.
7-clehydrocholesterol.
cholecalciferol.
ergosterol.

8.

1.
2.

4.
Which of the following is an example of
reduction?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

4.

-CH - CH- + H2O -+ -CH2 - CHOHR-COOH R-COO- + H+

-CH2 CH2 - -CH CH- + H2
Cu+ Cu+2 +
Fe+3

5.

9.

Fe +2

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

carboxylation of pyruvic acid.

transamination of aspartic acid.
cleavage of p-hydroxy-B-methylglutaryl
CoA.
oxidative decarboxylation of
a-ketoglutarate.
oxidation of 1fl-hydroxybutyrate followed
by deacylation.

10.

Acids found in the citric acid (Krebs) cycle

are

1.
2.
3.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

glutamic acid and succinic acid.

glucuronic acid and aspartic acid.
oxaloacetic acid and aspartic acid.
oxaloacetic acid and pyruvic acid.
oxaloacetic acid and a-ketoglutaric acid.

11.

AMP.
ATP.
cyclic AMP.
adenylate cyclase.
a cytoplasmic receptor.

Human parotid saliva is believed to be

hyposmolar because

4.
5.

synapse limits the direction of travel.

myelin sheath limits the direction of
travel.
myoneural junction limits the direction
of travel.
nerve fiber permits conduction in only
one direction.
cell body must be stimulated before the
nerve fiber will conduct.

The intracellular, "second" messenger for

many peptide and polypeptide hormones is
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

The ketone body acetoacetate is synthesized

inside mitochondria of hepatocytes by

urea.
chloride.
carbohydrate.
bicarbonate ion.

An impulse can travel from one nerve to

another in only one direction because the

3.

3.

diabetes mellitus.
negative nitrogen balance.
exceeded his renal threshold for glucose.
excessive damage to a glomerulus of the
kidney.

Carbonic anhydrase in kidney tubular cells is

associated with reabsorption of
1.
2.
3.
4.

The physiologically active form of vitamin D

produced in the kidney is
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

The presence of glucose in the urine proves

that the patient has

water is reabsorbed by excretory ducts of

the gland.
acinar cells transport water more readily
than sodium ions.
striated duct cells produce excess water
and retain potassium.
reabsorption of water by striated duct
cells is less than reabsorption of sodium.

Which of the following is the major

contributor to colloid osmotic pressure?
1.
2.
3.
4.

Albumin
Alpha globulin
Beta globulin
Gamma globulin

13

12.

The dominant factor controlling absorption of

iron from the gastrointestinal tract is
1.
2.
3.
4.

1 7.

excretion of iron in the urine.

excretion of iron in the stools.
saturation of mucosal cells with iron.
concentration of the ferrous iron in bone
marrow, spleen and liver.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
18.

13.

Spatial summation results from the

1.
2.

3.
4.

convergence of several afferent impulses

on the same postsynaptic nerve soma.
repetitive firing of discharges (from the
same presynaptic terminal), eventually
producing an action potential.
exhaustion of the stores of transmitter
substance at the synapse.
elaboration of some inhibitory substance,
such as y-aminobutyric acid, at the
synapse.

Visual purple, rhodopsin, is usually formed

in the

Aldosterone is normally associated with

partial regulation of which of the following
processes?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

19.

1.

1.
2.
3.
4.

15.

3.

Two atoms are considered isotopic if

their nuclei contain the same number of
neutrons.
their atomic numbers are the same, but
their mass numbers differ.
their mass numbers are the same, but
their atomic numbers differ.
one is a beta emitter, and the other an
alpha emitter.

The distribution of carbonate within dental

enamel follows the same surface to
dentinoenamel junction patterns as which of
the following?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

4.
5.

20.

Lead
Calcium
Fluoride
Strontium
None of the above

A deficiency of vitamin A in a developing

tooth most likely affects the
1.
2.
3.
4.

pulp.
enamel.
dentin.
cementum.

sterol.
glycerol.
lecithin.
sphingosine.
alcohols of high molecular weight.

At rest, the potential difference across the

membrane of which of the following is
greatest?
1.
2.
3.
4.

22.
16.

lack of effect of sex hormones on

somatic tissue.
failure of the gonads to respond to
gonadotrophins.
inability of the hypophysis to synthesize
gonadotrophins.
lack of hypothalamic stimulation of
gonadotrophin release.
inability of the hypophysis to respond to
hypothalamic releasing hormones.

Neutral fats contain mixtures of one or more

fatty acids esterified with
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

21.

Sodium balance
GI uconeogenesis
Lipid digestion
Protein degradation
Carbohydrate metabolism

The normal delay in sexual development

until puberty is attributed to

2.
14.

lens.
liver.
retina.
adrenals.
vitreous humor.

Odontoblast
Sinoatrial node
Skeletal muscle
Visceral smooth muscle

Antidiuretic hormone acts to

I. decrease renal filtration fraction.
2. increase storage capacity of the bladder.
3. decrease permeability of distoconvoluted
tubules and/or collecting ducts to water.
4. increase permeability of distoconvoluted
tubules and/or collecting ducts to water.

14

23.

The rapid movement of a substance across a

biologic membrane against a concentration
gradient requires
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

24.

2.
3.
4.
5.

Mucin
Ammonia
Carbonate
Bicarbonate
Amino acids

Compared with hemoglobin A, the

substitution of a valine for a glutamic acid
residue in hemoglobin S results from
1.
2.
3.
4.

27.

29.

The main control over body temperature,

located in a portion of the central nervous
system, is the
1.
2.
3.
4.

30.

as free Fe ++as free Fe +++.

as ferritin.
associated with transferrin.
associated with ceruloplasmin.

pons.
cerebellum.
hypothalamus.
medulla oblongata.

The second heart sound is related to

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

excitation of atria.
opening of AV valves.
closure of AV valves.
opening of aortic valves.
closure of aortic valves.

Neutralization of acids by saliva results

mainly from which of the following salivary
contents?
1.

26.

Lactic acid
Pyruvic acid
Glutaric acid
a-ketoglutaric acid
3-phosphoglyceric acid

The most abundant form of iron in human

blood plasma is found
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

With glutamic acid as an amino group donor,

alanine can be synthesized directly from
which of the following acids?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

25.

that the substance be negatively charged.

participation of an energy-requiring
active transport system.
that the substance be readily soluble in
the lipid barrier of the membrane.
that the substance be carried across the
membrane by rapid influx of the solvent.
facilitated diffusion of the substance
aided by some binding system in the
membrane.

28.

31.

In males, growth and development of

secondary sex organs are under direct control
of
1.
2.
3.
4.

32.

a genetic mutation.
irradiation of hemoglobin A.
proteolytic action in the liver.
exposure to low oxygen tension.

FSH and LH.

aldosterone.
progesterone.
testosterone.

The relative refractory period of a nerve

corresponds to
1.
2.
3.
4.

sodium permeability changes.

decreased potassium permeability.
increased potassium permeability.
threshold potential that is farther from
zero.

Where is norepinephrine stored?

1.

2.
3.
4.

At preganglionic sympathetic nerve

endings
At postganglionic sympathetic nerve
endings
At preganglionic parasympathetic nerve
endings
At postganglionic parasympathetic nerve
endings

33.

The major center in the brain for autonomic

nervous system regulation is the
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

hypothalamus.
pituitary.
cerebral cortex.
vestibular nuclei.
floor of the fourth ventricle.

15

34.

Some sense organs, when stimulated

continuously by a constant stimulus, may
gradually lose their ability to continue to
respond. This phenomenon is known as
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

39.

1.
2.
3.

occlusion.
summation.
adaptation.
facilitation.
sensory deprivation.

4.

40.
35.

4.
5.

3.

dilution of a buffer increases its pH.

pH is a function of temperature.
pH = pk a when an acid is tenth
normal.
pH - pka when an acid is half
neutralized.
pH is independent of the dissociation
constant of the acid.

4.
5.

41.
36.

In the absence of compensatory changes, a

drop in blood pressure results from
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

42.
37.

DNA damage by ultraviolet light is due to

1.
2.
3.
4.

38.

Sucrose is a glycoside of which of the

following structures?
1.
2.
3.
4.

4-D-glucose-a-D-galactopyranoside
4-D-glucose-13-D-galactopyranoside
a-D-glucopyranosido-/3-D-fructofuranoside
/3-D-giucopyranosido-P-D-fructofuranoside

4.
5.

43.

elevation of ureteral pressure.

efferent arteriolar constriction.
afferent arteriolar constriction.
elevation of renal win pressure.
elevation of plasma protein
concentration.

The two chains of double stranded DNA are

so arranged that
1.
2.
3.

alkylation of the guanine in DNA.

excessive unwinding of the DNA
molecule.
frequent replacement in the DNA
molecule of purines by pyrimidines.
induction of dimerization by way of
covalent bonds between adjacent
thymine groups.

bicarbonate in the blood plasma.

carbonic anhydrase available in the
lungs.
oxygen that can be transported by
hemoglobin.
alveolar surface available for gaseous
exchange.
carbon dioxide that can be transported
by the blood.

The most likely cause of an increase in

filtration fraction is
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

vasoconstriction.
increased hematocrit.
increased stroke volume.
increased cardiac output.
decreased venous return.

Prevents pernicious anemia

Allows adaptation to dim light
Acts as coenzyme in transamination
reactions
Prevents.microcytic hypochromic anemia

Carbon monoxide decreases the amount of

1.
2.

The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation shows

that
1.
2.
3.

Which of the following is a function of

vitamin B6 (pyridoxal phosphate)?

they are parallel.

heat does not affect interchain bonds.
hydrophobic aromatic nitrogen bases are
held close to each other.
purines and pyrimidines alternate along
each chain.
an adenine residue on one chain is
directly hydrogen bonded to a cytosine
on the other chain.

A deficiency of rhodopsin is most likely

caused by decreased dietary intake of
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

glucose.
adenine.
vitamin A.
tryptophan.
riboflavin.

16

44.

Removal of a molecule of water between the

carboxyl group of one amino acid and the
amino group of a second amino acid results
in formation of a
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

45.

4.

2.
3.
4.
5.

2.
3.

4.

increase bone resorption.

inhibit bone resorption.
increase calcium absorption from the
intestine.
decrease calcium absorption from the
intestine.

during secretion, there is vasodilation

within the gland.
during secretion, blood flow through the
gland is unchanged.
during secretion, blood flow through the
gland is decreased.
secretion continues even when the
pressure within the salivary duct is
higher than the blood pressure.
secretion stops if the pressure within the
salivary duct is the same as the blood
pressure.

5.

50.

51.

The process by which extensor muscles

acting at a particular joint are inhibited by
stretch of the flexor muscle acting at the
same joint is
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

myotatic reflex.
clasp-knife reflex.
monosynaptic reflex.
lateral inhibition.
reciprocal inhibition.

52.

equal to the clearance of urea.

equal to the clearance of inulin.
less than the clearance of inulin.
greater than the clearance of inulin.
equal to the glomerular filtration rate.

Energy for ATP synthesis is derived from the

electron transport system by which of the
following processes?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Urease
Uricase
Xanthine oxidase
Aspartate transcarbamylase
Carbamyl phosphate synthetase

the bicarbonate/carbonic acid buffer

system is very efficient at the pH
optimum of this sensitive enzyme
system.
bicarbonate is a positive effector for this
system and favorably alters the
conformation of its enzymes.
carbon dioxide is incorporated into
acetyl coenzyme A forming malonyl
coenzyme A, an intermediate in the
synthetic process.
carbon dioxide is incorporated into
carbamyl phosphate, a reactive
intermediate in the synthetic process.
carbon dioxide provides an anaerobic
environment that prevents oxidation of
the sulfhydryl groups in the reactive sites
of the enzyme system.

Any substance that is filtered by glomeruli

and secreted, but not reabsorbed, by renal
tubules will have a renal clearance that is
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Which of the following enzymes catalyzes

the formation of uric acid from purines?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

48.

1.

zwitterion.
peptide bond.
hydrogen bond.
glycosidic bond.
hydrophobic bond.

The belief that the secretion of saliva is an

active process is supported by the
observation that
1.

47.

Carbon dioxide or bicarbonate is required in

the biosynthesis of fatty acids because

The primary effect of calcitonin is to

1.
2.
3.

46.

49.

Transamination
Aldolization
Reductive synthesis
Oxidative deamination
Oxidative phosphorylation

Which of the following statements is true

concerning fatty acid synthesis and fatty acid
breakdown?
1.
2.
3.
4.

Both are mitochondria! functions.

Both require phosphopantothenic acid.
Both share common electron donors and
acceptors.
Both share common enzymes for
oxidation and reduction reactions.

17

53.

The function of rhythmic segmentation is

chiefly that of
1.
2.
3.
4.

58.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

macerating food.
mixing food with digestive secretions.
increasing the surface available for
absorption.
transporting material down the
gastrointestinal tract.

59.
54.

Lipids are most characteristic of which of the

following cellular components?
1.
2.
3.
4.

Which of the following is true of the T m

(melting temperature) of a given DNA double
helix?
1.
2.
3.
4.

56.

Is a function of the base composition

Can be used to accurately predict its
molecular weight
Can be measured by observing the
change in chemical composition
Is higher if individual strands of the
DNA double helix are parallel rather
than antiparallel

Liver
Brain
Kidney
Muscle

In which of the following situations is an

osmotic diuresis observed?
1.
2.
3.
4.

During diabetes mellitus

During water deprivation
Following ingestion of starch
Following injection of Pitressin

A submaximal direct stimulus to a skeletal

muscle causes
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

contraction of no fibers.
contraction of some fibers.
partial contraction of all fibers in the
muscle.
less contraction than with a subminimal
stimulus.
more contraction than with a maximal
stimulus.

62.

Over a period of time, a man uses 4 liters of

oxygen and produces 3 liters of CO2. What
is his RQ for that period?
1.
2.
3.
4.

0.75
1.00
1.33
7.00

Which of the following causes some degree

of temporary alkalosis?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

63.
57.

hyperventilation.
slow blood flow.
high blood pressure.
inadequate ventilation.
thickening of the alveolar membrane.

Which of the following tissues is primarily

responsible for formation of urea?
1.
2.
3.
4.

61.

gastrin.
secretin.
pancreozymin.
enterogastrone.
cholecystokinin.

The partial pressure of oxygen in arterial

blood is lower than that in alveoli. The
condition suggested is
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Cytoplasm
Ribosomes
Membranes
Chromosomes

60.
55.

The gallbladder is caused to contract by the

hormone

Hyperventilation
High fluid intake
Excessive smoking
Severe muscular effort
Ingestion of ammonium chloride

Which of the following enzymes is involved

in the termination of neuromuscular
transmission?
1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

Choline acetylase
Monoamine oxidase
Methyltransferase
Adenylate cyclase
Acetylcholine esterase
Catecholamine-ortho-methyltransferase

18

64.

A muscle devoid of tonus is

1.
2.
3.
4.

65.

atonic.
spastic.
hypotonic.
hypertonic.

2.
3.
4.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

2.
3.
4.
5.

A carbon atom with four identical

groups attached to it
A carbon atom with four different groups
attached to it
A carbon with at least one carboxyl and
one amino group attached to it
A carbon atom that has two heavy
groups on one side and two light groups
on the other

70.

Thyroid secretion is stimulated by

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Potassium ion is both secreted and

reabsorbed by the nephron.
Antidiuretic hormone alters permeability
of the tubular cell membrane.
Glomerular filtration rate is determined
by plasma clearance of inulin.
Increased concentration of colloids in
plasma diminishes the formation of
filtrate.
The afferent arteriole is greater in
diameter than the efferent arteriole.

71.

hypoxia.
propylthiouracil.
exogenous thyroid hormone.
high serum iodide concentration.
prolonged exposure to a cold
environment.
prolonged exposure to a warm
environment.

Hydroxylation of proline and lysine during

collagen biosynthesis occurs
1.
2.
3.
4.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Cortisone
Col lagenase
Chymotrypsin
Hyaluronidase
Ammonium phosphate

73.

increases.
decreases.
remains unchanged.

Which of the following vitamins can be

supplied to humans by the normal action of
intestinal flora?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

after translation.
in the mitochondria! matrix.
before formation of their respective
amino acyl-t-RNAs.
while proline or lysine is bound to the
peptidyl (P) site on the ribosome.

Which of the following is most likely to

promote depolymerization of the ground
substance?

Following exercise, ventilation is in excess of

the metabolic requirement. During this
period, the level of lactic acid in blood
1.
2.
3.

72.

68.

on an RNA template.
on rough endoplasmic reticulum.
from methionine.
from progesterone.
from polyunsaturated fatty acids.

Which of the following statements supports

the observation that the glomerulus acts like
a simple physical microfilter?
1.

67.

Prostaglandins are made within cells

Which of the following characterizes an

asymmetric carbon?
1.

66.

69.

A
D
E
K
None of the above

Some amino acids need not be present in

the diet of an animal because of the animal's
ability to synthesize the acids at an adequate
rate. A principal source of carbon for these
amino acids is
1.
2.
3.
4.

nucleic acids.
carbon dioxide.
metabolism of carbohydrates.
methylene folic acid derivatives.

19

74.

Distribution of fluids between intracellular

and extracellular compartments is mainly
achieved by
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

79.

1.
2.
3.
4.

bulk flow across the capillary wall.

unrestricted movement of sodium to
achieve osmotic balance.
unrestricted movement of water to
achieve osmotic balance.
unrestricted movement of both sodium
and potassium to achieve osmotic
balance.
movement of potassium out of the
intracellular compartment to achieve
osmotic balance.
80.

76.

An electrocardiogram showing extra P waves

before each QRS complex indicates
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

77.

muscle spindles.
gamma efferents.
pacinian corpuscles.
golgi tendon organs.

81.

fibrillation.
atrial bradycardia.
partial heart block.
ventricular tachycardia.
left bundle branch block.

flexor reflex.
stretch reflex.
crossed-extensor reflex.
continuous production of metabolic
products.

The air remaining in alveoli at the end of a

forced maximal expiration is the
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

tidal volume.
vital capacity.
residual volume.
expiratory reserve volume.
inspiratory reserve volume.

In which of the following parts of the

circulatory system is blood pressure the
lowest?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Aorta
Veins
Arterioles
Capillaries
Large arteries

82.

The plasma membrane can be best described

as
1.
2.
3.

78.

decreased pH.
increased pH.
increased hemoglobin concentration.
increased plasma carbon dioxide partial
pressure.

The tone of the masseter muscle is

maintained by the
1.
2.
3.
4.

75. The sensory organs concerned with

maintenance of skeletal muscle tonus are
1.
2.
3.
4.

Within physiologic limits, activity of the

respiratory center is decreased directly by

Carbohydrate is stored in the body

principally as

4.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

5.

glucose.
maltose.
sucrose.
glycogen.
glycosam inoglycans.

6.

a static trilamellar lipid-protein-lipid

sheath.
a static mosaic composed primarily of
lipids and proteins.
an unorganized zone between cytoplasm
and interstitial fluid.
a membrane whose composition is
essentially constant for all mammalian
cells.
a fluid mosaic composed of neutral fats
and glycoproteins.
a fluid mosaic composed primarily of
phospholipids, cholesterol and
glycoproteins.

20

83. Functions of the hexose monophosphate

shunt include production of
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

86.

(a)

glucuronic acid for heparin

synthesis.
NADPH for fatty acid synthesis.
NADP for pyruvate reduction.
D-ribose for nucleic acid synthesis.
ATP for anaerobic muscle
contraction.

(b)
(c)
(d)

(a) only
(a), (b) and (e)
(a), (c) and (e)
(b) and (d)
(c) and (d)

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
87.

84.

(c)
(d)
1.
2.
3.
4.

(a) and (c)

(a) and (d)
(b) and (u)
(b) and (d)

Muscle glycogen phosphorylase is activated

by

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

increasing the force of contraction.

decreasing the force of
contraction.
increasing the rate of contraction.
decreasing the rate of contraction.

88.

The amino acid composition of mammalian

collagen (Type 1) is characterized by the
presence of

(el

The secretory product of which of the

following endocrine organs is controlled by a
pituitary tropic hormone?
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
le)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Adrenal cortex
Thyroid
Parathyroid
Thymus
Pancreas

(a) and (b) only

(a), (b) and (c)
(b) and (c) only
(b), (c) and (d)
(c) and (d) only
(c), (d) and (e)
(d) and (e) only

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
89.

epinephrine.
glucagon.
insulin.

(a) only
(a) and (b)
(a) and (c)
(b) only
(b) and (c)
(c) only
All of the above

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

85.

an increase in remineralization of
incipient caries.
a reduction of solubility of enamel
as fluoride content increases.
an enhancement of plaque
accumulation.
an increase in carbohydrate
metabolism in oral bacteria.

(a) and (b)

(a) and (c)
(a) and (d)
(b) and (c)
(b) and (d)
(c) and (d)

(a)
(b)
(c)

Ventricular muscle responds to

norepinephrine by
(a)
(b)

The mechanism of fluoride action in

reducing dental decay involves

cysteine.
hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine.
no sulfur-containing amino acids.
glycine, as nearly one-third the
total number of amino acid
residues.
a high content of aromatic amino
acids.

(a), (b) and (d)

(a), (c) and (e)
(b) only
(b), (c) and (d)
(b) and (d) only

Which of the following molecules is NOT

part of the mammalian cell membrane?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Endotoxin
Card iol i pin
Plasmalogen
Proteoglycan
Lipopolysaccharide

21

90.

Which of the following hormones does NOT

induce activation of adenylate cyclase?
1.
2.
3.
4.

91.

Insulin
Glucagon
Epinephrine
Parathyroid hormone

Which of the following is NOT a

monosaccharide?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Chlorapatite
Fluorapatite
Hydroxyapatite
Calcium fluoride

All of the following function in buffer

systems in the blood EXCEPT
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

97.

Which of the following statements is NOT

true concerning fluoride?
1.
2.
3.

NaCI.
H2CO3.
NaHCO3.
Na2HPO4.
NaH2PO4.

4.
5.

93.

Which of the following compounds does

NOT contain a high-energy bond?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

94.

It is excreted rapidly by the kidney.

It is deposited in calcified tissues.
It occurs only in the ionic form in
plasma.
It passes the placental barrier relatively
slowly.
At 1 ppm. in water, it is tasteless,
odorless and colorless.

ATP
Acetyl C0A
UDP-glucose
Glucose-6-phosphate
Phosphoenolypyruvate

Which of the following is NOT a cofactor or

a substance involved in hydroxylation of
proline during collagen biosynthesis?
1.
2.
3.
4.

95.

Amylose
Glucose
Fructose
Glyceraldehyde
Glucuronic acid

Which of the following is least soluble in

solutions with low pH?
1.
2.
3.
4.

92.

96.

98.

Hydrolysis of nucleic acids is likely to yield

all of the following EXCEPT
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Ascorbate
Ergosterol
Ferrous ion
a-ketoglutarate

ribose.
adenine.
deoxyribose.
acetic acid.
phosphoric acid.

Which of the following statements is NOT

true about ammonia and the a-amino group
of amino acids?
1.
2.

3.
4.

NH+ 4 is formed from glutamine in the

kidney.
The amino group in carbamyl phosphate
is directly donated by aspartate in a
transamination reaction.
Cellular levels of ammonia must be
maintained at low concentrations
because of its toxicity.
Glutamate dehydrogenase can catalyze
the formation of glutamate from
ammonia and a-ketoglutarate using
NADPH as a cofactor.

99.

Which of the following compounds is NOT

involved in coagulation of blood?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Fe+ 2
Ca+ ,
Prothrombin
Fibrinogen
Thromboplastin

29.

Pharyngotympanic (eustachian) tubes connect

the nasopharynx with the
1.
2.
3.
4.

24.

1.
2.
3.
4.

outer ear.
middle ear.
semicircular canals.
vestibule of the inner ear.

1.
2.
3.
4.

mast cells.
fibrocytes.
small lymphocytes.
basophilic leukocytes.
neut roph i I ic leukocytes.
31.

25.

Considering number and location, the

parathyroid glands are usually
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

single and dorsal to the thyroid gland.

single and embedded in the dorsum of
the thyroid gland.
multiple and embedded in the dorsum of
the thyroid gland.
multiple and just superior to the thyroid
gland.
not related to the thyroid gland.

32.

aorta.
pulmonary vein.
pulmonary artery.
ductus arteriosus.
thebesian veins (venae cordis minimae).

33. The parotid duct pierces the buccinator muscle

opposite the

Upper head of the lateral pterygoid

Lower head of the lateral pterygoid
Deep head of the medial pterygoid
Superficial head of the medial pterygoid

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

mandibular first premolar.

maxillary first premolar.
maxillary first molar.
maxillary second molar.
maxillary third molar.

34. Which of the lymphoid tissues in the body are

considered subepithelial and nonencapsulated?

Ascending pharyngeal
Superior thyroid
Maxillary
Facial

1.
2.
3.
4.

Thymus gland and lymph nodes

Lymph nodes and aggregated nodules
Pharyngeal tonsils and thymus gland
Pet'er's patches and pharyngeal tonsils

35. Most of the lymph is returned to the blood at

which of the following sites?

28. Which of the following blood elements is a

fragment of megakaryocytic cytoplasm?
1.
2.
3.
4.

T-lymphocytes.
B-lymphocytes.
macrophages.
plasma cells.

In the fetus, blood enters the common carotid

arteries by means of the
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

The arterial supply of the submandibular gland

is from which branch of the external carotid
artery?
1.
2.
3.
4.

gastric artery.
splenic artery.
celiac artery (trunk).
superior mesenteric artery.

Most of the antibodies in the body that act

against bacterial antigens are produced by
1.
2.
3.
4.

26. A portion of which of the following muscles

has fibers inserting into the articular disk of
the temporomandibular joint?
1.
2.
3.
4.

carotid sheath.
pterygomandibular raphe.
medial pterygoid muscle and its fascia.
stylopharyngeus muscle and its fascia.

30. The common hepatic artery is a branch of the

Bacteria are frequently ingested by

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

The lateral boundary of the retropharyngeal

space at the level of the oropharynx is the

Platelet
Normoblast
Erythrocyte
Promyelocyte
Proerythroblast

2.
3.
4.

Right brachiocephalic vein

Left external jugular vein
Junction of left internal jugular and
subclavian veins
Junction of right internal jugular and
subclavian veins

BIOCHEMISTRY-PHYSIOLOGY (12)

7.

1. The k,,, value of an enzyme is numerically

equal to
1.
2.
3.
4.

2.

1.
2.
3.
4.

half the maximum velocity expressed in

moles/liter.
velocity of a reaction divided by substrate
concentration.
substrate concentration in moles/liter
necessary to achieve half the maximum
velocity of a reaction.
maximum velocity divided by half the
substrate concentration in moles necessary
to achieve maximum velocity.

5.

8.

The major driving force for formation of a

lipid micelle is
1.
2.
3.
4.

Excluding the effect of drugs, apnea occurring

after hyperventilation of an anesthetized
patient results from
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

4.

5.

6.

10.

decreased pH.
increased pH.
increased hemoglobin concentration.
increased plasma carbon dioxide partial
pressure.

2.
3.
4.

relaxation of the masseter muscle.

contraction of the masseter muscle.
contraction of the digastric muscle.
no change in mandibular position.
11.

5.

12

entry of sodium ion followed by exit of

potassium ion.
flow of electrons across the membrane
following change in membrane
permeability.
changed orientation of molecules in the
membrane giving rise to a static potential
difference.
a breakdown of metabolic products
resulting in different concentrations of
potassium across the membrane.

Pantothenic acid is an integral part of

1.
2.
3.
4.

bile.
blood.
liver.
urine.
cartilage.

Glutamate
Glutamine
Aspartate
Succinate
Pyridoxine phosphate

An action potential in a nerve fiber is related

to
1.

Chondroitin sulfate occurs primarily in

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

What is the product P in the following

reaction?

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

decreased demand for oxygen.

increased cerebral blood flow.
decreased carbon dioxide tension.
increased hydrogen ion concentration.
decreased oxygenation of carotid bodies.

Strong stimulation of spindles in the masseter

muscle causes
2.
3.
4.

Lysine
Leucine
Glycine
Tyrosine
Tryptophan

a-ketoglutarate + alaninev.--pyruvate + P

Within physiologic limits, activity of the

respiratory center is decreased directly by
1.
2.
3.
4.

L-amino acids.
D-monosaccharides.
phosphatidylethanolami nes.
2 fatty acids, 1 glycerol, 1 phosphoric
acid and 1 choline residue.
2 fatty acids, 1 glycerol, 1 phosphoric
acid and 1 cholesterol molecule.

Which of the following amino acids lessens

the need for phenylalanine?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

protein-lipid interaction.
hydrophobic interaction between
hydrocarbon tails.
hydrogen bonding between water
molecules of the micellar core.
electrostatic interaction between the
micellar core and polar heads.
9.

3.

Complete hydrolysis of one mole of lecithin

yields

NAD.
cobalamin.
folic acid.
coenzyme A.
pyridoxine phosphate.

12.

Spatial summation results from the

1.
2.
3.
4.

13.

14.

convergence of several afferent impulses

on the same postsynaptic nerve soma.
repetitive firing of discharges (from the
same presynaptic terminal), eventually
producing an action potential.
exhaustion of the stores of transmitter
substance at the synapse.
elaboration of some inhibitory substance,
such as y-aminobutytic acid, at the
synapse.

1.
2.
3.
4.
19.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Amide
Anomeric
Epimeric
Hydrogen
Glycosidic
20.

Of the following, the most immediate source

of oxaloacetic acid during metabolism is
glycine.
aspartic acid.
glutamic acid.
acetoacetic acid.
a-ketoglutaric acid

21.

Proteins rich in basic amino acids, such as

lysine and arginine, which bind strongly to
DNA are

ATP inhibits phosphofructokinase even though

ATP is also a substrate for the enzyme. This
phenomenon is an example of
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

2.
3.
4.

When are nerve fibers hypoexcitable?

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

23.

During resting potential

At the firing level
During local depolarization
During negative after-potential
During positive after-potential

a common tRNA for at least two amino

acids.
that a remarkable degree of inaccuracy
occurs in transcription.
the existence of multiple codons for each
amino acid.
the existence of multiple species of
ribosomes for control of messenger
translation.

Vitamin A functions to
2.
3.
4.

13

actin.
myosin.
troponin.
tropomyosin.

The degenerate nature of the genetic code

implies
1.

genetic repression.
genetic suppression.
al losteric inhibition.
competitive inhibition.
noncompetitive inhibition.

sterol.
glycerol.
lecithin.
sphingosine.
alcohols of high molecular weight.

Calcium ions trigger contraction of muscles by

binding to
1.
2.
3.
4.

albumins.
keratins.
histones.
y-globulins.
scleroproteins.

DNA.
transfer RNA.
ribosomal RNA.
messenger RNA.
mitochondria! RNA

Neutral fats contain mixtures of one or more

fatty acids esterified with
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

22.

17.

Respiration
Simple reflex
Temperature regulation
Coordinated muscle movement

What type of bonds link amino acid residues

to form proteins?

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
16.

The spinal cord is the only structure in the

central nervous system necessary for which of
the following body functions?

Addition of synthetic polyuridylic acid to a

cell-free system capable of protein synthesis
results in greatly enhanced incorporation of
phenylalanine into peptide linkages. In this
system, polyuridylic acid is performing a
function normally performed by

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
15.

18.

prevent pellagra.
promote absorption of calcium.
promote differentiation of epithelial cells.
maintain the integrity of connective
tissues.

24.

1.
2.
3.
4.

25.

4.

Which of the following lipids participates in

mitochondria] electron transport?
1.
2.
3.
4.

32.

excreted as urea.
excreted in the form of uric acid.
reused and converted to ATP needed as a
source of energy.
broken down to give NH, and either
malonic acid or methylmalonic acid.

Ubiquinone
)3-carotene
0-tocopherol
Sphingomyelin

4.
5.

33.

gluconeogenesis.
the pentose phosphate pathway.
the Krebs' tricarboxylic acid cycle.
decarboxylation of aromatic-amino acids.
one-carbon transfer from tetrahydrofolate
derivatives.

34.

contraction of no fibers.
contraction of some fibers.
partial contraction of all fibers in the
muscle
less contraction than with a subminimal
stimulus.
more contraction than with a maximal
stimulus.

3.
4.

lipids.
proteins.
minerals.
carbohydrates.
nucleoproteins.

neither contracts without neural input.

neither has a true "resting" membrane
potential.
both require a precontractile stretch to
initiate contraction.
the "resting" membrane potential of each
is approximately 85 my.

Failure of the heart to show tetanus when

stimulated is explained by
1.
2.
3.
4.

14

muscle is relaxed.
muscle is stretched.
intrafusal fibers are relaxed.
gamma efferent fibers are inhibited

Functionally, visceral smooth muscle and

cardiac pacemaker cells are similar in that
2.

35.

light.
sound.
taste.
temperature.
proprioception

The annulospiral (primary) ending of the

skeletal muscle spindle is stimulated when the
1.
2.
3.
4.

A deficiency of choline in the diet may cause

abnormalities in metabolism of
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Corti's organ is responsible for perception of

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

A submaximal direct stimulus to a skeletal

muscle causes
1.
2.
3.

29.

Ionic bonds
Glycosidic bonds
Phosphodiester bonds
Phosphotriester bonds

Ribose phosphate needed for nucleic acid

synthesis can be derived from
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

28.

31.

memory.
vision.
hearing.
muscular coordination.
both (2) and (3) above.

Purine bases taken in the human diet in the

form of DNA or RNA are mostly
1.
2.
3.

27.

Destruction of the cerebellum causes loss of

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Anemia
Polycythemia
Pulmonary AV shunt
Hypovolemia due to hemorrhage

Which of the following characterize the links

between monomeric units of nucleic acids?
2.
3.
4.

26.

30.

In which of the following conditions is oxygen

partial pressure in arterial blood low?

fatigue.
automaticity
a long chronaxie.
a long refractory period.

77.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

78.

83.

The most abundant nonphospholipid

component of the cell membrane is
cholesterol.
deoxycholate.
prostaglandin.
macroglobulin.
triacylglyceride.

The arrangement of sugars into D- and

L- configurations is based upon their
resemblance to D- and L1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

glycine.
glucose.
fructose.
glyceraldehyde.
None of the above

After functioning in the small intestines, the

largest portion of bile salts are
2.
3.
4.
5.

84.

excreted in the feces.

reabsorbed into the central lacteal.
destroyed by bacteria in the large
intestines.
reabsorbed into the portal circulation and
reused.
removed from the circulation by the
kidneys and excreted in the urine.

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

What thermodynamic parameter is a measure

of randomness or disorder in a system?
1.
2.
3.
4.

Entropy
Enthalpy
Free energy
Potential energy
85.

Which of the following solutions has an

osmotic pressure different from all the others?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

1 M glucose
1 M sodium chloride
1 M potassium nitrate
1 N lithium iodide
1.N hydrochloric acid

4.

Hydrolysis of sucrose by the enzyme sucrase

yields

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

macerating food.
mixing food with digestive secretions.
increasing the surface available for
absorption.
transporting material down the
gastrointestinal tract.

86.

5.

galactose.
glucose.
fructose.
maltose.

(a) and (b)

(b) only
(b) and (c)
(b) and (d)
(c) and (d)

Normal production of sound enamel and

dentin requires adequate amounts of which of
the following vitamins?

Which of the following describes the

movement of glycine molecules in an electric
field, at a pH of 6.06 (the isoelectric pH for
glycine)?
1.
2.
3.
4.

Trypsin
Myoglobin
Thyroglobulin
Salivary amylase
Carbonic anhydrase

(a), (b) and (c)

(a), (c) and (d)
(a), (d) and (e)
(b), (c) and (e)
(b), (d) and (e)
All of the above

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

The function of rhythmic segmentation is

chiefly that of
1.
2.
3.

Which of the following proteins contain trace

elements essential for their biologic action?

(a)

(b)

B12

(C)

(d) D
(e) r

Glycine molecules will not move.

All molecules will move to the anode.
All molecules will move to the cathode.
Half the molecules will move to the
anode and half to the cathode.
None of the above

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

1 9

(a), (b) and (c)

(a), (b) and (d)
(a), (b) and (e)
(a), (c) and (d)
(b), (d) and (e)
(c), (d) and (e)

87. The amino acid composition of mammalian

collagen (Type I) is characterized by the
presence of
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

88.

1.
2.
3.
4.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

92.

A in

93.

In an experimental animal, the heart rate can

be accelerated by

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

(a) only
(a) or (b)
(a) or (d)
(b) or (d)
(c) only

94.

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Expenditure of metabolic energy

A gain in free energy by the system
A unidirectional movement of the
solute
Movement of the solute against a
concentration gradient

95.

(a) and (b)

(a), (c) and (d)
(b), (c) and (d)
(b) and (d) only
All of the above

Sodium
Calcium
Fluoride
Potassium
Bicarbonate

ketosis.
acidosis.
ketonuria.
alkalosis.

Which of the following enzymes does NOT

function in association with a membrane?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

20

ribose.
adenine.
deoxyribose.
acetic acid.
phosphoric acid.

Excessive use of fats by the body as a source

of energy during starvation or disturbances in
carbohydrate metabolism may lead to any of
the following conditions EXCEPT
1.
2.
3.
4.

Which of the following occur when active

transport is involved in the movement of a
solute across a biologic membrane?

(a), (b) and (c)

(a), (b) and (d)
(a), (c) and (d)
(b), (c) and (d)
All of the above

Which of the following is NOT a primary

(major) electrolyte of saliva?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

sectioning vagus nerves.

stimulating vagus nerves.
sectioning sympathetic nerves.
stimulating sympathetic nerves.

Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials

Excitatory postsynaptic potentials
Generator potentials in pacinian
corpuscles
Endplate potentials at the
neuromuscular junction

Hydrolysis of nucleic acids is likely to yield all

of the following EXCEPT
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

(a) and (b)

(a) and (c)
(b) and (c)
All of the above

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

90.

(d)

In general, molecules that can penetrate a

biologic membrane with relative ease are
highly charged.
nonpolar in nature.
small in size (below 75
diameter).

Which of the following are examples of local

(electrotonic or subthreshold) potentials?
(a)
(b)
(c)

cysteine.
hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine.
no sulfur-containing amino acids.
glycine, as nearly one-third the total
number of amino acid residues.
a high content of aromatic amino
acids.

(a), (b) and (d)

(a), (c) and (e)
(b) only
(b), (c) and (d)
(b) and (d) only

(a)
(b)
(c)

89.

91.

Permeate
Na./K , ATPase
Adenylate cyclase
Phosphofructokinase
Coenzyme Q reductase

NATOMIC SCIENCES WO
1.

The cellular organelle that contains many

types of hydrolytic enzymes is the
1.
2.
3.
4..

2.

3.

Salivary glands of the palate are located

in the
1.
2.
3.
4.

4.

rugae.
sill.
haustra.
teniae col i.
appendices epiploicae.

1. palatine process of the maxilla and

the vertical part of the palatine.
2. palatine process of the temporal and
the horizontal part of the palatine.
3. vomer and the vertical part of the
palatine.
4. palatine process of the maxilla and
the horizontal part of the palatine.

5.

8.

9.

2.
3.
4.

2.
3.
4.

Ribonucleic acid that is involved in protein

synthesis is found primarily in the
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

nucleolus.
mitochondria.
Golgi complex.
fluid ground substance.
granular endoplasmic reticulum.

2.
3.
4.
5.

12.

pterygopalatine part of the maxillary

artery.
first part of the facial artery.
ascending pharyngeal artery.
sphenopalatine artery.

In the adult, cerebrospinal fluid can be

aspirated most safely by inserting the needle
between the third and the fourth lumbar
vertebrae because
1.

it has only a small per cent of organic

content.
its formative cells are lost once it is
completely formed.
it is essentially a keratin tissue and
has no blood vessels.
it has no direct connection with the
active cells of the dental pulp.

vagus nerves.
phrenic nerves.
splanchnic nerves.
recurrent (inferior) laryngeal nerves.

The descending palatine artery is a branch

of the
1.

11.

elastin.
keratin.
collagen.
reticulin.

The respiratory diaphragm is innervated by the

1.
2.
3.
4.

10.

veins have more elastic tissue.

arteries have a relatively thinner tunica
media.
valves are often present in veins.
arteries have larger endothelial pores.
elastic membranes are less pronounced
in arteries.

The fibrillar component of mature dentin is

1.
2.
3.
4.

The enamel has no possibility of self-repair

because
1.

6.

3.
4.
5.

posterolateral zone.
anterolateral zone.
gingival zone.
median raphe.

The bony floor of the nasal cavity is formed

by the

Systemic arteries and veins differ in that

1.
2.

lysosome.
centrosome.
mitochondrion.
endoplasmic reticulum.

Mucosa of all parts of the small intestine

is characterized by possessing
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

7.

there is more space between the laminae

of these two vertebrae.
the subarachnoid space does not extend
below lumbar 4.
the spinal cord usually does not extend
below lumbar 2.
there is less danger of entering the
internal vertebral plexus at this level.
there are no important nerves in this
part of the vertebral canal.

The visual center of the cerebral cortex

is located in the
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

hypothalamus.
parietal lobe.
occipital lobe.
indusium griseum.
medulla oblongata.

13.

In H & E stained sections, the large, deeply

stained granules found in the cytoplasm of
epithelial cells in keratinized oral mucosa
are most likely
1.
2.
3.
4.

14.

4.

16.

20.

the liver.
the spleen.
lymph nodes.
red bone marrow.
yellow bone marrow.

21.

nourishing the gingiva.

being loose, elastic, connective tissue.
attaching normally to the cervical
cementum.
preventing apical displacement of the
tooth.

2.
3.
4.

23.

smooth muscle supplied by the fifth

cranial nerve.
striated muscle supplied by the seventh
cranial nerve.
skeletal muscle supplied by the fifth
cranial nerve.
skeletal muscle supplied by the twelfth
cranial nerve.

The common bile duct and the pancreatic

duct join at the
1.
2.
3.
4.

corticospinal tract.
corticobulbar tract:
lateral spinothalamic tract.
ventral reticulospinal tract.
dorsal spinocerebellar tract.

The thick filaments in skeletal muscle are

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

24.

mylohyoid muscle.
hyoglossal muscle.
styl ogl ossus muscle.
genioglossus muscle.
intrinsic tongue musculature.

Sensations of pain and temperature are

carried by the
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

root.
enamel matrix.
cementoenamel junction.
dentinoenamel junction.

angular spine.
styloid process.
pterygoid hamulus.
lateral pterygoid plate.
neck of the condyle of the mandible.

Protrusion of the tip of the tongue beyond

the opening of the oral cavity is accomplished
primarily by the
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

22.

cell constriction takes place.

the nuclear chromatin is first dispersed.
chromosomes line up at the equatorial
plate.
chromosomes migrate toward the polar
ends of the cell.

The tendon of the tensor veli palatini

muscle curves around the
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

The capacity of the tongue for forceful

movement depends upon
1.

18.

4.

The area at which calcification of a tooth

begins is the
1.
2.
3.
4.

17.

glycogen.
desmosomes.
tonofibril s.
keratohyaline.

The alveolar crest fiber group of the

periodontal ligament is characterized by
1.
2.
3.

Metaphase is a stage in mitotic division in

which
1.
2.
3.

The principal site of granulocytic

hematopoiesis in the adult human is
1.
2.
3.
4.
S.

15.

19.

composed of actin.
present in the I bands.
crossed by the Z line.
present only in the A band.
composed of both actin and myosin.

The alternate loosening and tightening of

a primary tooth that is about to be shed
may result from
1.
2.

lack of developing permanent successors.

alternate resorption and apposition of
cementum and bone.
3. alternate softening and hardening of the
alveolar bone proper.
4_ movement in a lingual direction of the
developing permanent tooth.

cystic duct.
hepatic duct.
cisterna chyli.
hepatopancreatic ampulla (of Mater).

25.

The component of bone tissue that gives a

bone tensile strength is the
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

30.

calcified cement substance.

interconnecting canaliculi.
collagenous fibrils of matrix.
periosteal connective tissue.
elastic fibers.

An efferent lymphatic channel and an

afferent lymphatic channel in lymph nodes
differ in that the efferent vessel
1.

2.
3.

26.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

27.

4.

Long bones of the skeleton increase in

length because of
mitotic division of osteocytes.
mitotic division of osteoblasts.
resorption of primary bone by
osteoclasts.
appositional growth on the cartilaginous
epiphyseal plate.
interstitial growth in the cartilaginous
epiphyseal plate.

The mandibular foramen is located

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

29.

34.

A sarcomere is the part of the myofibril

enclosed between
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

two consecutive H bands.

two consecutive I bands.
two consecutive Z bands.
an I band and the next A band.
a Z band and the next H band.

lobar ducts.
primary ducts.
striated ducts.
intercalated ducts.
interlobular ducts.

When compared with the diameter of the

lumen, the greatest proportion of thickness
of smooth muscle is found in
1.
2.
3.
4.

crista galli.
groove for the transverse sinus.
lesser wing of the sphenoid bone.
petrous part of the temporal bone.

The ducts of salivary glands that are lined

by a single layer of tall, columnar epithelial
cells with radially arranged mitochondria are
called
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

nearest the premolars.

nearest the incisors.
medial to the lingual borders of the
molars.
below the occlusal plane of the
mandibular molars and posterior to them.
above the occlusal plane of the mandibular
molars and posterior to them.

medial nasal and maxillary processes.

lateral lingual swellings.
lateral nasal processes.
medial nasal processes.
palatine shelves.

The middle cranial fossa is separated from

the posterior cranial fossa primarily by the
1.
2.
3.
4.

sublingual.
deep lingual.
dorsal lingual.
inferior alveolar.
ascending pharyngeal.

33.
28.

A bifid uvula will result from failure of

complete fusion of the
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

32.

The artery supplying the anterior one-third

of the tongue is the
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

31.

is located in the hilus region of the

gland, whereas the afferent vessel
enters the gland elsewhere.
contains numerous myeloid white blood
cells, whereas the afferent vessel contains
few, if any, white blood cells.
has no valve structure, whereas the
afferent vessel has a valve component.
is lined partially with reticuloendothelial
cells, whereas the afferent vessel is lined
totally with endothelial cells.

large arteries.
capillaries.
arterioles.
veins.

35.

The growth hormone of the pituitary gland

is produced by
1.
2.
3.
4.

36.

37.

38.

1. maxillary process of the first branchial

arch.
2. mandibular process of the first branchial
arch.
3. second branchial arch.
4. All of the above
5. Only (1) and (2) above

43.

distally.
menially.
buccally.
lingually.
none of the above.

The blood vessels in the interdental

papilla anastomose freely with
1.
2.
3.
4.

periodontal vessels only.

interalveolar vessels only.
both periodontal and interalveolar vessels.
none of the above.

44.

foramen ovale.
foramen lacerum.
mastoid foramen.
foramen spinosum.
stylomastoid foramen.

The mandibular fossa (glenoid fossa) is a

part of the
1.
2.
3.
4.

mandible.
sphenoid bone.
frontal bone.
temporal bone.

The oldest lamella of an osteon is

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

40.

The muscles of facial expression are derived

embryonically from the

The foramen through which the facial

nerve emerges from the skull is the
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

39.

42.

submental nodes.
submandibular nodes.
supraclavicular nodes.
superficial parotid nodes.
superior deep cervical nodes.

During tooth eruption, the permanent

successors of the primary teeth move
occlusally and
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

The collagen fibers inside cementum are

produced by
1. odontoblasts and cementoblasts.
2. cementoblasts and fibroblasts.
3. cementoblasts exclusively.
4. fibroblasts exclusively.

the basophils.
the acidophils.
the chromophobe cells.
all of the chromophil cells.

Metastasizing cells that originate in the tip

of the tongue follow the paths of the lymphatic
vessels of the tongue and arrive first into the
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

41.

not calcified.
covered by endosteum.
the most central lamella.
surrounded by periosteum.
the most peripheral lamella.

45.

The germinal center of a lymph nodule

represents the
1.
2.
3.
4.

The corner of the mouth is formed by the

fusion of the
I. globular process and the lateral nasal
process.
2. lateral nasal process and the maxillary
process.
3. medial nasal process and the maxillary
process.
4. maxillary process and the mandibular
process.

4.6.

area of proliferation of lymphocytes.

area of red pulp.
central artery.
medulla.

The postganglionic parasympathetic cell

bodies to the parotid gland are found
within the

1.
2.

otic ganglion.
ciliary ganglion.
3. sphenopalatine ganglion.
4. pterygopalatine ganglion.

47.

The organelle that is typically composed of

vesicles and curved, flattened cisternae
parallel to one another is the
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

53.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

centriole.
mitochondrion.
Golgi complex.
rough endoplasmic reticulum.
smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
54.

48.

As air passes from the trachea into the

lungs, the first structure in which gaseous
exchange through the wall of an alveolus
may occur is the
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

49.

bronchus.
bronchiole.
alveolar sac.
alveolar duct.
respiratory bronchiole.

55.

56.

sinus venosus and the auricle.

ventricle and the conus arteriosus.
conus arteriosus and the right atrium.
truncus arteriosus and the left atrium.

In the case of a slowly occluded inferior

vena cava, a useful collateral route may
develop involving the
1.
2.
3.
4.

hyaline cartilage.
elastic cartilage.
fibrous cartilage.
fibrous connective tissue.

epididymis.
Sertoli cells.
sustenacular cells.
seminiferous tubules.
interstitial cells of Leydig.

The crista terminalis is the line of junction

between the primitive
1.
2.
3.
4.

Intervals between the bones in the midline

of the cranial base of a newborn child
consist of
1.
2.
3.
4.

Testosterone is produced by the

several epigastric veins.

total azygos system.
Both (1) and (2) above
Neither (1) nor (2) above

If a tooth crown is being tilted mesially

during orthodontic tooth movement, the
(a)

50.

In an adult, the site of origin of the

thyroid gland is seen as the
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

51.

(c)

copula.
foramen cecum.
eustachian tube.
palatine tonsil.
tuberculum impar.

(d)
1.
2.
3.
4.

The folding of the embryo during the fourth

week is the result of the
1.
2.
3.
4.

52.

(b)

prominent growth of the neural tissues.

development of the umbilical arteries.
development of the branchial arches.
twisting of the developing heart.

The alveolar bone proper (cribriform plate)

usually consists of
1.
2.
3.
4.

57.

(a) and (b)

(a) and (c)
(b) and (d)
(c) and (d)

Ligamentous remnants of the fetal circulatory

system persisting in the adult include the
(a)
(b)
)
(d)
(e)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

woven bone.
bundle bone only.
lamellar bone only.
bundle bone and lamellar bone.

corona] half of the mesial wall of

the socket shows resorption.
apical half of the mesial wall of
the socket shows resorption.
coronal half of the distal wall of
the socket shows deposition.
apical half of the distal wall of
the socket shows deposition.

ligamentum nuchae.
ligamentum venosum.
ligamentum arteriosum.
ligamentum teres of the liver.
ligamentum teres of the uterus.

(a), (b) and (c)

(a), (b) and (e)
(a), (d) and (e)
(b), (c) and (d)
(c), (d) and (e)

58.

Transitional epithelium is characteristic of

the lining of the
(a)
(b)
(d)
(e)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

61.

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)

trachea.
ureter.
uterus.
first part of the prostatic
urethra.
urinary bladder.

Which of the following events may take place

during active inspiration?

A transection of the lingual nerve after

(distal to) its junction with chorda tympani
will be expressed clinically in the tongue by
a loss of
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

.1b))
c)
(e)

movement.
taste to the anterior two-thirds.
taste to the posterior one-third.
tactile sense to the anterior
two-thirds.
tactile sense to the posterior
one-third.

(a), (b) and (d)

(a), (c) and (e)
(b), (c), (d) and (e)
(b) and (d) only
(c) and (e) only
All of the above

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

63.

The oral mucosa of the soft palate differs

from the vermilion border of the lip in that
the oral mucosa is composed of
(a)
13)
c
(d)
(e)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

keratinized epithelium with strata

granulosum and corneum.
shallow, blunt rete pegs.
lamina propria of loose fibrous
connective tissue.
salivary acini deep to the mucous
membrane.
numerous mast cells underlying
epithelium.

(a), (b), (c) and (d)

(a), (b), (d) and (e)
(a), (c), (d) and (e)
(b), (c) and (d) only
(b), (c), (d) and (e)
(c) and (e) only

Cellular cementum is always present along

which of the following portions of the root
surface?

(c )

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

64.

Corona! third
Middle third
Apical third

(a) only
(a) and (b)
{a) and (c)
b) only
b) and (c)
(c) only

Which of the following changes occurs in

dental pulp with age?
1.
2.
3.
4.

The diaphragm descends.

The epiglottis closes.
Rib joints are active.
The uvula swings superiorly.
The lateral diameter of the
thorax increases.

(a), (b) and (c)

(a), (c) and (e)
(a) and (e) only
(b), (c) and (d)
(b) and (d) only
(c) and (e) only

b))
a

60.

microvilli.
basement membranes.
desmosomes.
mucous membranes.
brush border.

I. (a) only
2. (a), (b) and (e)
3. (a), (c) and (e)
4. (b) and (d)
5. (c) and (d)

(a), (c) and (d)

(a), (c) and (e)
(b), (c) and (d)
(b), (d) and (e)
All of the above

62.
59.

Modifications of the cell membrane for

special functions include

Increase
Increase
Increase
Increase

in
in
in
in

the number of collagen fibers

the number of cells
the size of the pulp chamber
vascularity and tissue vitality

65.

Which of the following occurs when the cell

body of a neuron is destroyed?
1.
2.
3.
4.

66.

72.

The tooth must be erupting.

Ameloblasts must be present.
Stellate reticulum must be present.
Epithelial root sheath (Hertwig) must
be fenestrated.

73.

74.
68.

Increased resistance to pulmonary blood flow

in the lungs would cause a strain on which
chamber of the heart?
1.
2.
3.
4.

69.

1.
2.
3.
4.

70.

4.

75.

Which of the following bones aid in

forming the pterygopalatine fossa?

Which of the lymphoid tissues in the body are

considered subepithelial and nonencapsulated?
1.
2.
3.
4.

76.

Hypophysis
Thyroid gland
Suprarenal gland
Parathyroid gland
Pancreatic islets (Langerhans)

Which of the following arteries supplies most

of the blood to the parathyroid glands?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Tonsils and thymus gland

Peyer's patches and tonsils
Thymus gland and lymph nodes
Lymph nodes and aggregated nodules

Both types contain sebaceous glands.

The stratum.lucidum is present in each.
The stratum germinativum is present in
each.
The thickness of the epidermis is about
the same.

Which of the following endocrine glands

possesses a vascular portal system?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Palatine, maxillary, vomer

Maxillary, temporal, palatine
Sphenoid, palatine, maxillary
Sphenoid, temporal, palatine

Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Free ribosome
Mitochondria
Glycogen

Which of the following statements indicates

a true similarity between skin of the forearm
and skin of the palm?
1.
2.
3.

Left atrium
Right atrium
Left ventricle
Right ventricle

Facial
Maxillary
External nasal
Greater palatine
Anterior superior alveolar

Which of the following is a cytoplasmic

inclusion?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Parotid and von Ebner's

Parotid and submandibular
von Ebner's and palatal
von Ebner's and sublingual

Cardiac sphincter
Pyloric sphincter
Ileocecal valve
Tricuspid valve

Which of the following arteries is most

concerned with the blood supply to the
upper lip?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Which of the following groups of adult

salivary glands are entirely serous?
1.
2.
3.
4.

Which of the following is located at the

opening between the small and the large
intestines?
1.
2.
3.
4.

Which of the following is necessary for

cementum to be deposited during root
development?
1.
2.
3.
4.

67.

All of its fibers degenerate and die.

Afferent fibers serve as production
sites for new cell bodies.
New nerve cells develop from remaining
cells to take the place of those lost.
The sheath cells or surrounding neuroglia
cells serve as guides or pathways for new
neuron formation.

71.

Thyroidea ima
Inferior thyroid
Superior laryngeal
Ascending cervical
Ascending pharyngeal

77.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

78.

3.
4.

2.
3.
4.

81.

3.
4.

The rete pegs increase in size and the

intercellular bridges become more
evident.
The basement membrane becomes more
irregular and the dermis acquires an
increased lymphatic supply.
The stratum spinosum becomes less
evident and the basement membrane
thickens.
The number of vascular capillaries in
the dermis increases and more sweat
glands develop.

84.

Within the cell body

In connective tissue
Within Schwann cells
Within the axon itself

Alpha
Beta
Delta
Gamma

Which of the following structures is essential

for the initiation of dentin formation?
1.
2.
3.
4.

Ascending pharyngeal
Superior thyroid
Maxillary
Facial

The cytoplasm acquires chromatin granules.

The property of phagocytosis is gained.
The nucleus becomes more hyperchromatic.
The nucleus acquires its centrioles.

In the pancreatic islets (Langerhans), which

cell type produces insulin?
1.
2.
3.
4.

87.

Anterior
Medial
Posterior
Lateral

Which of the following occurs in the

development of a neutrophil from the
stem cell in red bone marrow?
1.
2.
3.
4.

86.

It remains as the primary cuticle.

It unites with the oral epithelium and
then degenerates.
It is replaced by oral epithelium and
then degenerates.
It unites with the oral epithelium and
becomes the primary cuticle.

The temporomandibular joint can be

dislocated in only which of the following
directions?
1.
2.
3.
4.

85.

Mylohyoid
Hyoglossus
Stylohyoid
Genioglossus
Anterior digastric

During tooth eruption into the oral cavity,

what happens to the epithelial covering of
the enamel?
1.
2.

The arterial supply of the submandibular

gland is from which branch of the external
carotid artery?
1.
2.
3.
4.

83.

The tongue points downward.

The tongue points to the side with the
lesion.
The tongue points away from the side
with the lesion.
The geniohyoid compensates for the
insufficiency.

In growth of the neuron, there is an essential

synthesis of axoplasm to accommodate for
increasing axonal length. Where is this
material synthesized?
1.
2.
3.
4.

The duct of the submandibular salivary

gland runs anteriorly from the gland
immediately deep to which muscle?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

When stratified squamous epithelium thickens,

which set of conditions usually prevails?
1.

80.

Pancreas
Appendix
Stomach
Jejunum
Ileum

Which of the following occurs when protrusion

of the tongue is attempted with unilateral
damage of the hypoglossal nerve?
1.
2.

79.

82.

Which of the following structures is

considered retroperitoneal?

Enamel
Cementum
Stellate reticulum
Inner enamel epithelium

88.

1.
2.
3.
4.

89.

95.

2.
3.

96.

Left temporalis
Right temporalis
Right medial pterygoid
Right lateral pterygoid
Left lateral pterygoid

Epithelial attachment
Principal fibers
Cementum
Cuticle

98.

Omohyoid
Thyrohyoid
Stylohyoid
Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

99.

Parathyroids
Adrenal cortex
Adrenal medulla
Anterior pituitary
Pancreatic islets (Langerhans)

showing growth.
containing cells.
resorbing under pressure.
being derived from mesenchyme.

The tentorium cerebelli contains all of the

following dural venous sinuses EXCEPT the
1.
2.
3.
4.

masseter.
mylohyoid.
buccinator.
tensor veli palatini.

Primary cementum, secondary dentin and

cancellous bone have all of the following
characteristics in common EXCEPT
1.
2.
3.
4.

The secretion of which of the following

endocrine glands is NOT essential to life?

Nasal
Ethmoid
Sphenoid
Temporal

The muscle that assists in mastication but is

NOT innervated by the mandibular nerve is
the
1.
2.
3.
4.

Which of the following muscles does NOT

belong to the infrahyoid group?

The surface of the bearing joint is

aneural.
The surface of the bearing joint is
avascular.
The surface of the bearing joint is
composed of hyaline cartilage.
A synovial membrane is present.
Movement is always possible.

Which of the following bones is NOT formed

by endochondral ossification?
1.
2.
3.
4.

97.

Epididymis
Cremaster muscle
Testicular artery
Internal spermatic fascia
Pampiniform plexus of veins

Which of the following is NOT true of all

diarthrodial joints?
1.

Mast cell
Fibroblast
Eosinophil
Plasma cell

Which of the following periodontal tissues

is never found in contact with the enamel?

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

93.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

resorption of cementum
deposition of cementum
resorption of dentin
the above

When a patient attempts protrusion, the

mandible deviates markedly to the right.
Which of the following muscles is unable
to contract?

1.
2.
3.
4.

92.

Which of the following structures is NOT

present in the inguinal canal of the male?

4.
5.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

91.

Local
Local
Local
All of

Which of the following cell types has

cytoplasmic granules containing histamine?
1.
2.
3.
4.

90.

94.

Which of the following processes may cause

the position and the shape of an apical
foramen to change?

straight.
transverse.
superior petrosal.
inferior petrosal.

ANSWER KEY

ANATOMIC SCIENCES - MARCH 1981

No.

Ans.

No.

Ans.

No.

Ans.

No.

Ans.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

1
2
1
4
2

26.
27.
28.
29.
30.

5
2
5
3
1

51.
52.
53.
54.
55.

1
4
5
1
3

76.
77.
78.
79.
80.

2
1
2
1
1

6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

5
3
3
2
1

31.
32.
33.
34.
35.

5
4
3
3
2

56.
57.
58.
59.
60.

2
4
4
4
4

81.
82.
83.
84.
85.

4
1
2
1
3

11.
12.
13.
14.
15.

3
3
4
4
3

36.
37.
38.
39.
40.

1
3
5
5
4

61.
62.
63.
64.
65.

3
2
6
1
1

86.
87.
88.
89.
90.

2
4
4
1
4

16.
17.
18.
19.
20.

4
4
4
3
3

41.
42.
43.
44.
45.

2
3
3
4
1

66.
67.
68.
69.
70.

4
1
4
3
2

91.
92.
93.
94.
95.

2
3
3
1
3

21.
22.
23.
24.
25.

4
3
4
2
3

46.
47.
48.
49.
50.

1
3
5
1
2

71.
72.
73.
74.
75.

3
1
5
3
1

96.
97.
98.
99.

1
3
2
4

10