building of strong bones and

teeth complex organic substance

containing C, H, O, Nitrogen, Sulfur
compounds of carbon sources: cereals, green & Phosphorus
calcium vegetables, eggs,
carbohydrates fruits made up of amino acids of which
fats there are 20 naturally occurring
lack of calcium (rickets) types
organic minerals
proteins formation of haemoglobin broken down into
vitamins sources: liver, meat, eggs, polypeptides
iron
dietary fibre bread, green vegetables essential for synthesis of
lack of iron (anemia) proteins protoplasm, for growth &
repair of worn out cells
synthesis of enzymes
and hormones
functions
formation of anti-bodies to
water combat diseases
inorganic
mineral salts source of energy
lack of protein (kwashiorkor)

chemical substances in food that provide

energy & materials needed by the body

made up of C, H & O but

contain much less O in
proportion to H
digested into glycerol and
fatty acids

fats efficient source and storage

of energy
insulating material, under
indigestible i.e. cellulose the skin
aids in bowel movements
Nutrients functions restrict water loss from the
surface of the skin
prevents constipation dietary fibre constituent of protoplasm,
sources: fresh fruits, especially in cell membranes
vegetables, bran, cereals,
wholemeal bread

made up of carbon, hydrogen

& oxygen (C, H & O)
monosaccharides glucose, fructose, galactose
solvent for salts and organic disaccharides maltose, lactose, sucrose
compounds polysaccharides starch, cellulose, glycogen
medium for chemical source of energy
reactions to take place carbohydrates
form supporting structures
solvent for lubricant in joints (e.g. cellulose cell wall)
solvent for food substances formation of intercellular converted into other organic
during digestion substances compounds (e.g. amino acids,
water
constituent for digestive maintenance of healthy fats)
juices/ blood functions
epithelial tissues formation of nuclei acids,
C
transportation of materials in sources: fresh citrus fruits, DNA
solution i.e. blood plasma green vegetables synthesize lubricants (e.g.
regulation of body lack of vitamin C (scurvy) mucus)
temperature vitamin produce nectar in some
promotes absorption of
calcium and phosphorus flowers
compounds
D sources: cod liver oil, sunlight
lack of vitamin D (rickets)