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TRANSPORT
EQUATION
Definitions
Basic dimensions
[M] Mass
[L]
Length
[T]
Time
Concentration
Mass per unit
volume
[ML-3]
Flux
Mass flow rate
through unit area
[ML-2 T-1]
2
Mass
leaving the
control
volume
x
Positive x direction
3
mass
in
the
in a time volume in t volume in t
interval t
C
V
t
A J1
A J2
Equation 1
4
C
V
t
A J1
A J2
Flux
Volume [L3]
Concentration Area
over time
[L2]
[ML-3 T-1]
[L3][ML-3T-1] = [MT-1]
Mass over time
[ML-2 T-1]
Flux
Area
[ML-2 T-1]
[L2]
[L2][ML-2T-1] = [MT-1]
Mass over time
C
A
A
=
J1 J2
t
V
V
Equation 2
Rearrangements
C
A
=
(J1 J2 )
t
V
Equation 3
6
A.J2
Positive x direction
J
The flux is changing in x direction with gradient of
x
Therefore
J
J2 = J1 +
x
x
Equation 4
7
J
J2 = J1 +
x
x
Equation 3
Equation 4
C
A
J
=
J1 J1 +
x
t
V
x
Equation 5
8
=
J1 J1 +
x
t
V
x
V
A 1
= x =
A
V x
J
C
1
=
J1 J1 x
x
t
x
Equation 5
Equation 6
Equation 7
9
=
J1 J1 x
x
t
x
Equation 7
C
J
=
t
x
Equation 8
10
Ji
=
t
i=1 x i
3
x1 = x
x2 = y
Equation 9
x3 = z
= Jx + Jy + Jz
t
y
z
x
Equation 10
11
12
13
II
Particle
x
14
II
Particle
x
15
II
Particle
x
Q = C x A
Equation 11
Q = C x A
II
Number of
particles passing
from I to II in t
Particle
x
Division by time:
Q C x A
=
t
t
Number of
particles
passing from I
to II in unit time
x
Q
= JADV =
C
t
A t
JADV
x x
C
= lim
C =
t 0 t
t
Advective
flux
17
Equation 12
JADV
x
=
C
t
Equation 12
18
19
II
Particle
x
20
II
Particle
x
21
q2
II
22
q1
q2
II
50 % probability
q1 = 0.5 C1 x A
Equation 13
q 2 = 0 . 5 C 2 x A
Equation 14
Q = q1 - q2
Equation 15
Q = 0.5 x A (C1 C 2 )
Equation 16
23
Q = 0.5 x A (C1 C 2 )
Equation 16
Divide
by time
Q 0.5 x A (C1 C2 )
=
t
t
x
0.5 x A C1 C1 +
x
Q
=
t
t
C
C2 = C1 +
x
x
Equation 18
Q
= JDISP =
A t
Equation 22
Particle
x
Equation 17
0.5 x
II
Equation 19
C
x
x
0.5 x A C1 C1
x
Q
x
=
t
t
Divide Equation 20
by
C
Area
0.5 x A
x
Q
=
t
Equation 21
24
Q
= JDISP
A t
C
0.5 x
x
x
=
t
Equation 22
0.5 (x ) C
JDISP =
x
t
Equation 23
2
0.5 (x )
D=
Equation 24 t
0 .5 [ ]
2
x [L ] (x ) L2
t [T ]
JDISP
Equation 25
0.5 (x )
D=
t
[ ]
C
= D
x
[ ] [L ] = [L
[T ]
2
T -1
]
25
Dispersion
Molecular diffusion
Turbulent diffusion
Longitudinal dispersion
GENERALLY
Molecular diffusion << Turbulent diffusion << Longitudinal dispersion
26
Ranges of the
Dispersion
Coefficient (D)
27
JDISP
C
= D
x
Equation 25
28
THE ADVECTION-DISPERSION
EQUATION FOR A
CONSERVATIVE MATERIAL
29
= J
t
x
x
C
Jadvection =
t
C
Jdispersion = D
x
Equation 8
General
transport
equation
Equation 12
Advective
flux
Equation 25
Dispersive
flux
J = Jadvection + Jdispersion
Equation 26
= (Jadvection + Jdispersion )
t
x
Equation 27
30
= (Jadvection + Jdispersion )
t
x
Equation 27
= Jadvection Jdispersion
t
x
x
Equation 28
Jadvection
x
=
C
t
Jdispersion
C
x
C
= C
D
x
x t
t
x
C
= D
x
Equation 29
31
x
x t
t
x
Equation 29
Velocity u in
x direction
C
D 2
x
C
u
x
2
C
C
C
= u
+D 2
t
x
x
Equation 30
32
C
C
C
+D 2
= u
t
x
x
Concentration
over time
[ML-3 T-1]
Velocity times
concentration
over space
Equation 30
[L2T-1][ML-3L-2]
= [ML-3 T-1]
[LT-1][ML-3L-1]
= [ML-3 T-1]
33
C
C
ui
+ Di 2
i
i =1
i
Equation 31
C
=
t
x1 = x, u1 = u, D1 = Dx
x2 = y, u2 = v, D2 = Dy
x3 = z, u3 = w, D3 = Dz
2C
C
C
2C
C
C
2C
+ Dz 2
+ Dy 2 w
+ Dx 2 v
= u
z
y
t
x
z
y
x
Equation 32
34
THE ADVECTION-DISPERSION
EQUATION FOR A NON
CONSERVATIVE MATERIAL
35
2C
C
2C
C
C
+ Dy 2
= u
+ Dx 2 v
y
t
x
x
y
2C
C
+ Dz 2 +
w
z
z
Equation 33
k C
36
k C
C
2C
C
2C
C
+ Dx 2 v
+ Dy 2
= u
y
t
x
x
y
2C
C
+ Dz 2 +
w
z
z
Equation 33
Equation 34
C
k C sedimentat ion
z
37
Equation 35
2C
C
C
w
+ D z 2 + k C sedimentat ion
z
z
z
external sources and sinks
Sedimentation in z
direction
External loads
Interaction with bottom
Other sources and sinks
38
Dimensional Analysis of
Components
C
t reaction
=
kinetics
k C
[ML-3][T-1]=[ML-3 T-1]
C
C
= sedimentat ion
z
t sedimentat ion
[LT-1][ML-3L-1]=[ML-3 T-1]
C
= external sources and sinks
t external
Must be given in [ML-3 T-1]
39
C
C
C
C
C
= u
+ Dx 2 v
+ Dy 2
t
x
y
y
x
2
C
C
w
+ Dz 2
z
z
C
+ k C sedimentat ion
z
external sources and sinks
Equation 35
40