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CIVILPROCEDURE

AUDIOLECTURES
1.Casespecificperformance
CaseisinRTC
Defendantbelievesitisnotactionforspecificperformance
Defendantbelievesitistheallegationofcomplaintsnotthetitle
MDwasfiled
CourtDenied
Court:Thisisspecificperformance
Defendant:MR
Denied
Defendant:GADPetitionforCertiorariCA
30dayshadlapsedsincehereceivedsummons
Plaintiff:declaredeafault
Court(RTC):GRANTED
DidtheRTCcommitaproceduralerroringranting?Despitepending
casein
No.Courtwasright.Filingofpetitionforcertioraridoesnotsuspend
proceeding court below unless you ask preliminary injunction or
temporaryrestrainingorder.Rule65Section7.
2.SpecificPerformance
MD:LackofjurisdictionoverSM
Court:Dismissed ;courthasnojurisdiction;cognizableMTC(4k
pesos)
Canaplaintiffappealintheorderofdismissal?
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Yes.Anorderwithoutprejudice.Rule41,Section1
Orderswhicharenotsubjecttoappeal.

3.CertificationagainstForumShoppingmandatorywhenyoufile
initiatorypleading

2nd paragraph in rule 7 : Failure is a ground for dismissal UPON


MOTIONandHEARING
Dismissal unless otherwise provided by court is dismissal without
prejudice
Complaint is dismissed because of failure of giving certification
againstforumshopping
Canyouappeal?
NO.Becauseitisdismissalwithoutprejudice
RemedyisRule65,NOTAPPEAL.
4.Whentopiciscauseofactionitissubstantivelaw
5.DistinguishSubstantivelawandProceduralLaw
6.Anothernameforremedialandprocedurallaw?Adjectivelaw
7. Remedial law does not create a right or obligation BUT IT
PROTECTS A RIGHT. IT TELLS US HOW RIGHT IS
PROTECTED AND HOW A WRONG IS GOING O BE
REDRESSEDandbeCORRECTED
8.Arightiscreatedbysubstantive
9.Procedurallawcanapplytopendingactionsitisretrointhatsense.
Butitmaynotapplypendingifitwillworkinjustice
10.Distinguishvenueandjurisdiction
11.PrincipletheliberalconstructionruleSection6,Rule1
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resolvequestioninaspeedymanner.
Doesnotmeanthatwearefreedisregardrules
Rulesareformulatedforspeedymannerbuttheyhavebefollowed
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Whenthereisconflictbetweentechniandinterestofjustice.Mere
technicannotprevail

12.ThereareinstanceswhereruleshavenotbeenfollowedbySC
13.FreshperiodruleNeypescase
rulethatclarifieshazyrules.
theysuspendparticularrule
14.Rule:Certificationagainstforumshoppingshouldbesignedbya
principalparty.NOTLAWYER.
TherearecasesSCapproved.SCcandisregarditsownrules
15.SummaryProcedure
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Section19,certainmotionsthatcannotbefiled
CanyoufileMD?Noexceptgrounds
Canyoufilemotiondeclaredefendantdefault?No
GovsCA:Courtinthatcaseallowpetforcertioagainstlower
courtincasecalledunlawfuldetainer
16.Thereareruleswhicharestircltycomplied.
appeals(notanaturalright,cannotbedemandedunlessthereisa
lawgrantingappeal.Filingofnoticeofappealwithintimeprescribed
by rules is NOT ONLY MANDATORY BUT ALSO
JURISIDCTIONAL)Butthishasalsohasbeenliberallyconstruedin
somecases
SamalavsCA:ifappealmeritorious,canbeappealed
17.Rule1:Whohaspowerpromulgateproceduralrules?SC
18.MaycongressofPHamendorrepealmodifyROC?1973consti,
Yes. 1987 Consti, taken away. Does absence mean that congress
cannotmodifyrepealsupplementROC?
Grayarea.
Lawmakingpowerofcongressisplenaryinnature
entedstoallsmunlessitisnotprohibitedbyconsti.
- thereisnoconstiprohibitionbutthereisoprohibitionallowing.

Poweromodifyispartofplenarypowerofcongressofph
ROCoperativeunlessamenedbySCorcongress.
EchagarayvsSecofjustice:theconstitookawayfromcongress
power
Neypesrule:congresshasthesolepowertoamendrulesofcourt
These cases are NOT DOCTRINAL. There are only Orbitum
Dictum

19.Insolvencyproceeding.Courtsentnoticesinaformofsummonin
alldefendantsaskingthemtofileanswergiving15daysuponreceipt
ofnoticetofiel.Nocreditorfiled.PetitionerfiledMotiontodeclare
creditorsindefault.Courtdenied!Iscourtcorrect?
Yes. You cannot compel court to declare default. Because it is
insolvencyproceedings.
Certainproceedingsdonotapply
ROC dono apply to this. They cannot apply to land registration
proceedings.Theydonotquasi
doesnotmeanwillNOTABSOLUTELYwillnotapply.Tribunal
may applythemwthanalogyin absencein rules.Orin suppletory
mannerwhereasitispracticableandconvenient.
youcannotcompelcourttoapplyROCinthisproceedingbutthey
cansupplementandapplybyanalogy.
20.Section4:Bantollinovs
caseofillegaldismissalagainstcocacola
laborarbiterdecidedin
employerwenttohighercourtCA
NLRCCArule65
Labor arbiter were all wrong because decision was (affidavits of
employeeswithoutcrossexamarejusthearsays
CA:Reversed!GADRule65
BantollinowenttoSCpurequestionsoflawRule45
SC:CAISCORRECT!
youcannotcompelnonhearsayruleinquasijudicial.ROCwillnot
apply.CAISWRONG
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21.ConchiaPetforjudicialNaturalizationRTC
RTC:YouareofGM,youarequalifiedaFilipinocitizen
SGappealedfromdecisionofRTC
SGappealedinCA.SubmittedevidenceinCA!!!
CA:AdmitevidencekahitbawalmagsubmitevidencesaCA
CAReversed
ConchiawenttoSC.RaisedquestionsoflawRule45
CanCAasamatteroflawentertainforfirsttimewhichhasnotbeen
formallyofferedinRTC
-

rule132section34:Dipwedeadmit!
SC:Naturalizatoincaseto!DipwedeIpilitangrulenayan!

22. Principle of judicial hiereachy will only come in in cases of


concurrentjurisdiction
Example:RTC,CA,SC.Willjudicialhierarchyapply?YESbecause
ofconcurrence.YoucannotapplyittotheCAunlessyoufileitto
RTC.ButSConitsowncantakecognizancewithoutitbeingfiledin
lowercourt.Whenyoucanraisetranscendentalimportance.
23.IfyouwanttoquestionjudgementofNLRC.Canyougotosc?
Yes.IfSCwillacceptit.Transcendentalimportance.TobesafeCA
muna
24.DoesPhcourtshaveequityjurisdiction?Phcourtsarenotonly
courtsoflawbutalsoofequity.Butequityreferstonaturalconcepts
of fairness and justice. This exercise of equity, DO NOT APPLY
EQUITY IF THERE IS A LAW APPLICABLE. Equity will only
comeinifthereisnolawmadeinaparticularcase. Equitycannot
prevailoverthelaw.DURALEXSEDLEX
25.Oursystemofprocedureisadversarial.Magkatunggali.Trierof
facts.Courtwilldecidewhichtheoryisbelievable.BP129.Ripeless.
Notselfexectory.HowcanyougivelifetoROC.

26.Fileacomplaint.AskyourselfdoIhavetherighttofilecomplaint?
DoIhavearightofaction?DoIhaveaCA?(requisitesofCA)DoI
haveprovedactualdamages?No.Theruelsdoesnotsaythat(Lawon
damages)mereviolationofrightgivesrighttodamage.Damages
compensationforthedamage;damageinjury.
Sanakopupuntatofilethecomplaint?(venue)ShouldIgotomakati?
QC?Sankapuntawithrespecttocourts(jurisdiction)? Areyouthe
realpartyininterest?{6,7,8,9,10Rulesonpreparationofcomplaint?
File it! Before you file check if you have with certain conditions
precedent(Barangayconciliation,canotbefiledunlessfollowcertain
arbitration, exhaustion of admin remedies, allegation of having
earnestly to compromise case if parties are members of immediate
family, Only jurisdiction over SM (substantive).. If complaint is
already filed what is the effect ? prescriptive period is already
STOPPED. With respect to jurisdiction what is the importance of
filingofcomplaint? Courtacquirejurisdictionoverplaintiff. CanI
dismiss my own complaint? YES. Dismissal by plaintiff. Rule 17!
Supposeyoudonotwanttodismissowncomplaint,arethereother
instances.
27.MrXplaintiffwasresidentofAustralia,hehasbusinesspartners
inph.Butbusinesspartnersdidnotgivehimaccounting.Hefiledin
PH. Defendants filed MD ground since he did not come to PH
personally,courtdidnotacquirejurisdiction. Shouldcourtdismiss?
NO. Court acquires jurisdiction by filing a complaint. Personal
presenceisnotarequirement.Motionwasdenied.
28.Sometimesummonsisnotimportanttoacquirejurisdictionover
defendant.Becausethereissuchthingasvoluntaryappearanceeven
withoutsummons.Orifsummonsisdefective.Summonstellsyouto
file an answer. (sagot kung di pagbibgyan naming plaintiff!)
Kaylangan mo a sumagot agad? NO. file a motion for bill of
particulars.DistinguishamotionforbillofparticularsandMD.
29.Ifclearna,canyoufilena?yes.Butyoucanstillwait.
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30.Answer(majorpleading)responsetothecomplaint.Noanswer,
default.Rule9Section3.SupposethereisananswerBUThenever
controverted or denied material allegation of complaint. File a
judgement on the pleadings(wala ng dapat itry)! Rule 34. If lahat
admitted but one (damages) denied. Summary judgement only (no
genuineissue)Rule35.
31. If you want to file answer what defenses could you invoke?
Negative/affirmativedefenses.Sometimespleaderhasnonegative
defensebuthaveaffirmativedefense.
32.CCfiledbydefendingparty
33.crossclaimbotharedefendants.Filecomplaintagainsteachother
34. third party complaint ipasok ibang tao. Idemanda, not me.
Pinapasok mo isang tao sa wala sa kaso! YOU ALWAYS NEED
LEAVEOFCOURTHERE.
35.Interventionpartypakielemero!Gatecrasher!Onlyifyouhave
legalinterest.Requiresleaveofcourt.
36.Replyanswertotheanswer
37. Last possible pleading in an action is a reply. It need not
necessarilybethelastpleading.BUTitislastpossiblepleading.If
thereisnosuchthingasarejoinder.Replyisaresponsivepleadingfor
ananswer
38.Ananswertothecomplaintismandatoryifyoudontwantittobe
indefault.Youhavetomakespecificdenialsifyoudontwantadverse
effectinthatpleading.
39.AnanswerisMANDATROYorelsedefaultka.Makingspecific
deials is also mandatory otherwise there will be judgement on the
plaeadinginthecourt

40.Replymaynotevenbemadebytheplaintiff.Evenifplaintiffdid
notreplytherulesdenytheallegation.Ruleshelptheplaintiffdeny
allegations of defendant EVEN THERE IS NO REPLY. Deemed
controverted.
41.Thereisaninstanceitisadvisabletoreply.Subjecttoastory
42.Afteralastpleading(reply),thereispretrial.Duringthese,you
can avail modes of discovery. Rule 25 and 26 (normally used by
courts)
43.Pretrial,thecourtincivildoesnotmotupropriocallforpretrial.
Itistheplaintiffwillsetcase.Undercircular,if5daysafterrecevinga
replytheplaintiffdoesnotsetforpretrial,branchclerkofcourtwill
giveyounoticeofpretrial.Butitdoesnotinitiateforpretrial.Incrim
case,thecourtwillsetthepretrial!Expartemotionkapagcivilcase.
Criminalcaselitigatedmotion.
44.Cantherebeanadjudicationonmeritsevenwalangtrial?YES.If
MD,DISMISSEDhehe.Judgementsonmeritsdoesnotneedtrial.If
thereisanagreementbetweenpartiesnottopresentfactualevid(rule
30)pwede!
45.Plaintiffpresentsevid,afteralltestimoniesheformallyoffershis
exhibits.Theadmission,Irestmycase.PlaintiffsignalstothecourtI
amnotanymorepresentevid.Thedefendantafterlistening,Inotice
that he is not entitled to relief (Rule 118, there is insufficiency of
evid!)WhydoIhavetopresenteviddoesnotestablishhis.Iwillfile
toMD.ButMDisinRule16.YoucanstillfileMDbutitisnotcalled
MD,DEMURRERTOEVIDENCE.actuallyaMD.
46. Demurrer evid this is a way you can make make case dismiss
withoutpresentingevidence.Rule33hecanavail
47. After trial, you have a judgement! You first do not execute
judgement.Ruleprovideslosers,remediesagainstthejudgement(Post
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judgement remedies). You are going to divide the post judgement


remedies.Beforejudgementbecomesexecutoryandfinalyouhave
specialsetofremedies(MR,Motionfornewtrial,Appeal)THESE
ARETHREEMAJORREMEDIES.Beforelapseofperiodofappeal
(15or30days) 15ifthereisnorecordonappealrequired.After
judgementbecomesfinalandexecutoryDONOTAVAILOFTHOSE
REMEDIES!Youcanfilea petitionforrelief.Sometimesyoucan
file an action to annul judgement. If there is time, petition for
certiorari.

becauseIwasnotabletodeliver.CanIfiledamages.Ifgustoagad
maypower.Mandatoryinjunctiontorestorepower!

50.CanyougotoSCfomCAusingrule65.NO.YouuseRule45!

1. CauseofActionbeforeyoucanfileacomplaintbutbeneaththose
words is a basic word action. Action is same as a suit within
judicialsystem.Thereisdifferencealready.
2. 5distinctionsbetweenCivilactionandcriminalaction
3. DistinguishRealactionformPersonalaction
4. Elementsofrealaction:
a. RealpropertyorInterestinthatrealproperty
b. Issueofcase:Ownership,title,possession,partitionofreal
prop,foreclosureofmortgage,condemnationofthatreal
prop
i. I rented a 50k pesos monthly rental from Y.
After3monthsIgottiredofit.Icalledamason
totakeawaythemarblesintheapartment.The
owner nagalit! He said, you destroyed my
apartment! I will sue you for damages Real
actionorpersonal?Personalaction.
ii. Allegations:Heviolatedtermsinthelease.I
asked him to vacate premises and asked
damages.Prayedittorestoretopossession.Itis
nowreal!Becausethereisnowpossessionasan
issue.
iii. Youwerewalkingandwantedtoplayinabow
andarrow.Yousawoneofyourprof.natamaan.
He wants to sue you for damages. Personal
action.

51.Supposealltheseremedieshavebeenusedbyyoubutyoulostthe
case.Uponentryofjudgement,thereisexecutionofjudgement(rule
39).Inthecourseofproceedingsyoucanavailancillaryremedies.(I
broughtactionforcollectionofsumofmoney,Ilearnedtobeshown
tothataalissyasaphtodefraudme.Shehaspropertiessaph.Youcan
availprovisionalremediesofpreliminaryattachment.)(WhenYwent
tobacolodforvacay,sheleftherapartment,hesawmeoccupyingher
apartment,Iwaseeatingherchichirya.YoucanfileForcibleentry
case.Shewantstoregainpossessionduringpendencyofcase,shecan
availprovremedieswithin5daysshecanfileapreliminarymandatory
injuction
52. I have a car. I saw Y driving car. He withholds it from me
unlawfully. How can I recover possession (civil case) Action for
REPLEVIN!Replevincanbeamainaction.ButIneedthatas an
economictool.WhatprovremediescanIavailof?WritofReplevin.
53.YismywifeandIamthehusband.Theobligationtosupportis
mutualinFamilyCode.WhatactionwillIfilekungayawniyaako
support?Actionforsupportbutthiswilltakealongtime.Ifyouwant
agadmaysupport,Supportpendentlitegamitin!
54.supposeIownafactory,madamingordersfromforeigners but
thereisconflictwithmeralco.MeralcocutoffpowersIlost10Mpesos

55.Doyouneedamotioninthiskindofprovremedies.
56.WhatisaTRO.WhatisdifffromTRO.

DETAILEDCIVILPROCEDURE

iv. I executed real estate mortgage. Nagka


foreclosure. Real action sya. For purposes of
venue it is real action. For purposes of
jurisdiction:incapableofpecuniaryestimation.
v. Actionforunlawfuldetainer.Realorpersonal?
Realaction
vi. Forcibleentry:Realaction
vii. Accionreinvidicatoria:Realaction
viii. Actiontoquiettitle:Realaction
ix. Actiontoannulmarriage:Personalaction
x. Actiontodeliveracartome:Personalaction
c. GochanvsGochan
5. Whydowehavetomakeadistinctionbetweenarealandpersonal.
a. Venue
b. HINDIjurisdiction,HINDIforsummons.
6. Venueofrealaction:localized.Hastobefiledinaplacewhere
propertysubjecttotheactionislocated.
7. Ifiledactionforunlawfuldetaineragainstmybuildinglocatedin
manila.Theplaintiffisaresidentofqc.Actionisarealaction
hencethevenueiswherethepropertyislocated(Manila)
8. Iffiledsomewhereelse,theeffectisthatvenueimproperlylaid.
Remedy:Motiontodismiss.Ifyouwanttoextendfileananswer
andMDasanaffirmativedefense.
9. Supposeactionisfordamages,defendantisMakaticity.Personal
action.Venueiswheredefendantresides.
10. Ifvenueisimproper,thecourthasnorighttodismisscasemotu
proprio.Courthastowaitforamotionnomatterhowimproperthe
venueis.
11. Ittantamounttoamotupropriodismissal.Courtiswrong.if
dismissed with another ground other than the motion of the
defendant MD lack of jurisidiction. But dismiss dahil sa
impropervenue.
12. Exception:Actionforsummaryproceeding.Section4 of1991
summaryproceedings.Courtcanoutrightlydismissforanyothe
grounds:Impropervenueinasummaryproceedings.Becauseit
justprolongsthecase.

13. Anoanobaangmgasummaryproceedings!
14. PagdismissalforlackofjurisdictionofSMpwedekahitwalang
motion!Motuproprio!Kasivitaltosavalidityngjudgement.
15. Annulforeclosurerealestatemortgagewhetherextrajudicialor
judicialforeclosureandannulcontract.Chuacase
a. Personalactionsto!
16. Jurisdictionfortheaction,actiontoannularealestatemortgage,
action to annul ARE ALL INCAPABLE OF PECUNIARY
ESTIMATION.Moneyisonlyincidental.FILEITWITH RTC
wheretherealpropertyislocatedforpurposesofvenue.
17. FernandezvsDBP
a. FernandezwasanemployeeofDBP
b. DBP conducted a raffle. Sino makabunot, bibigyan ng
award(therighttobuy)nghouseandlot.Optiontobuyor
not
c. Hereceivedtheaward
d. Whenheretired,dbpcancelledtheaward
e. Hefiledanactiontoannulthecancellationofaward
f. Houseandlotlocatedinqc
g. Residenceofmrfernandeziscavite
h. ActiontoannulwasfiledinRTCcorrectbecauseitis
incapableofpecuniaryestimation
i. Filedinrtcofcavite.
j. DBPfiledMDgroundofimpropervenue.
k. IstheMDbegranted?Actiontoannulisdirectedtothe
cancellationofaward.Itisapersonalaction.Thereforeit
couldbefiledwheretheplaintiffresides.
l. Venueisproper.
18. HernandezvsRuralbankofLucenaCity
a. Hernandexborrowedmoneyfromruralbank
b. ExecutedREMtosecure
c. When he went to bank to pay, bank refuses to accept
payment.
d. Hefiledanactionincourttocompelthebanktoacceptthe
paymentofthemortgageandtoreleasethemortgage.
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e. SC:thisisapersonalactionhencevenueisresidentof
plaintiff.
19. Althoughitisanactiontocompel..thepurposeofthecomplaintis
toassertonesrighttoposses(MAGICWORDS)
20. OnlyaskingforDOASordeedofconveyancePersonalaction
lang!
21. IfIwantyoutoexecuteaDOSsoIcanhaveownershipofthe
land.(nopriordeliverytome)Realaction
22. SupposeyouallowedmetoliveinthelandbutIcantregistercause
noauthorizedDOAS.Thespecificperformancelangtosopersonal
actionlangto.
23. Actionfordamages isalwaysapersonalactionforpruposesof
venue. The reason we confused venu to jurisdiction, when act
negligenceandacrime
24. DriverisSanFernandopampanga,crimehappenedinqc.Whatis
the venue for culpa aquillana? Venue : Personal action. Person
residesor
25. IffiledinQC,canyoufileMDforimpropervenue?YES.Because
thisisaCIVILCASE!Haha.Donotconfusethisinacriminal
case.
26. Motiontoquashpaglackofjurisdictionsacriminalcase.
27. Incivilactionneverusejurisdiction!Venueisjurisdictionalin
criminalcase
28. Jurisdictionistheauthority,powerofcourttoharanddecidecase.
29. Venuetalksthegeographicallocation.
30. JurisdictionoverSMisnotprocecudral.Thisissubstantivelaw
31. ActionforforcibleentryfileitintheMTC.
32. Venue does not touch validity of proceedings! Jurisdiction lang
yun.
33. Section6,rule16:ifyoudidnotfileaMDyouwillstillhave
dismissalunderrle16inthepleadingcalledtheanswer.Inthe
affirmativedefenses.ATDISCRETIONOFCOURT.
34. IfyoudidnotfileaMDinvokinggroundofimpropervenue.Then
youfiledanswerbutdidnotincludeimpropervenueasdefense.Sa
trialnarealizemoimpropervenu.Canyoustillinvokeimproper

venue? NO.because ofthe section 1 ofrule 9.Objections and


motionsnotpleadedaredeemedwaived!
35. Therearehoweverdefensesandobjectionswhicharenotdeemed
waived.Litispendentia,resjudicaa,lackofjurisdictionoverSM
(lalonatono.Dahilthiscanbeinvokeanytimeofproceedings
kahitsaappealEXCEPTifSCdeclaredyouESTOPPED)
36. If you file MD invoking several grounds but did not invoke
improper venue as a ground. You cannot invoke it as an
affirmativedefense.BecausethemomentyoufileMDtheomnibus
motionrulewillcometooperation(Section8ofrule15)Ifyou
didnotfileMDSection6ofrule16
37. WheneveryoufileMD.Lagaymolahatnggroundsatthetimena
magfifilekaMD,kapagdinalagaydeemedwaivednayun.
38. Omnibus motion kaylangan lahat ilagay mo grounds refer to
previous..
39. SuppposeyoudidnotfileMDcanIinvokeallgroundsinRule16
as an affirmative defenses? YES. There is no waiver because
walangMD.
40. PolytradevsBlanco
a. Canpartiesstipulatevenue?YESbecausesubstantivelaw
sya.
b. Ifthereisvalidstipulationstovenue:Rulesinvenuewill
bedisregarded.Stipulationwillprevail.
c. In writing Can there be oral? But court cannot be
compelledtofollowtheoral.Kapaginwritingcompelthe
court.
d. Agreeduponbeforeanyactionisfiled
e. ExclusivityONLY,INTHISPLACEANDNOOTHER,
IN MANILA AND NO OTHER PLACE. SHALL BE
FILED ONLY IN.. SHALL BE FILED IN NO OTHER
PLACE
41. CANYOUFILEITOTHERPALCEINMANILA?IFMERON
EXCLUSIVITYnafiledinmanilalang?
42. IfplaintifffromQC;defendantfromPsay.Stipulationshallbe
filedinmanila.DOESNOTCONTAINEXCLUSIVITY.When
itisnotexclusive,itisanadditionalvenue!
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a. ROCcanstillapplykasidisyaexclusive.
b. Manilabecomesanadditional
43. Butsupposestipulation..shallbefiledinmanilaonly.Woulditbe
improper venu if it is filed in QC? Or Pasay City. MANILA
ALONE.Stipulationwillapply.ROCwillbedisregard.
44. XresidenceofangelescityborrowedfromAresidenceofPasay
City.Loanagreement,partiesagreedtosueandbesuedinthecity
ofmanila.IncaseofnonpaymentofloancanAfilehiscomplaint
inangelescity?YES.Stipulationintheloanagreementdoesnot
makemanilaanexclusivevenuethereof.Hencestillapplyitto
otherplace.Supposepartiesdidnotstipulateintheloanagreement
astothevenue.WherecanAfileagainstX?PasayorAngeles
SupposestipulatedthatvenueallsuitsshallbeinQC.Canhefile
inPasay?Yeskasihindiexclusive.
45. Even if ang venue is exclusive, or in writing but stipulation is
contrary to public policy because unreasonable. CANNOT BE
APPLIED.
46. Whenisvenuejurisdictional?ONLYINCRIMINALCASE.
47. Pagsummons:inrem,quasiinream,inpersonamWAGMO
SALIVENUE
1. Distinguishquasiinrem,inrem,inpersonam
2. ActionforforeclosureofrealestatemortgageActionquasiin
rem
3. No specific defendant : whom would you summon? NONE
thereforeyoucannottalkaboutserviceinpersonnthatparticular
situation. Di din pwede subsittutde service (regular place of
business,orresidence)
4. INremactionandquasiinrem,pagwalangspecificdefendants,
summongbypublication!(towhomitmayconcern.)Youdo
notneedjurisdictionoverdefendantinactioninremandactionin
quasiinrem.
5. In personam meron kang specific na tinutumbok na isang
defendantnagustomonggumawa,gustomogmagingliableinhis
owncapacity.

6. Kapagpangalanaydefendantlangorproformadefendantpero
dimosyahinihngiliabletiisquasiinremorinrem.
7. Example:Cadastralproceeding:Landregistrationproceeding:
Sinobagustomomagingliabledun?WALA.Angtinutumbokis
theregistrationoftheproperty.Theactionisactuallyinrelationto
interestoftheproperty.
8. Probateproceedingsinremactions
9. Examples: Action to annul marriage : if merong defendant
mentioned, action in rem about the status of the individual.
Declarationofnullity.InREMACTIONSTO.
10. Action to compulsory of recognition of natural child that will
affect status of child bu is not in rem action because not
recognitionofthewholeworld.Directinganactiontoaspecific
personwhoyouwanttorecognizetheplaintiff.
11. Action to collect sum of money. ARE YOU COLLECTING
FROM WHOLE WORLD? NO. Are you asking payment for
specificdefendant?YES.INEPRSONAM
12. Specificindividual:InPersonam
13. Donotconfuseinpersonamsapersonalaction.
14. Kapagunlawfuldetaineragainstyou,amIdirectingittospecific
person?Itisanactioninpersonambutitisarealactiondahilreal
property.
15. ActionforcibleentryRealaction,inpersonam
16. Actionfordamages:inpersonamandpersonalaction
17. ValmontevsCA
a. Examplesofquasiinrem:actionforpartition
b. Actionforaccountingofproperty
18. PalancaCase(samplesofquasiinrem)
a. Attachmentprelimattachment
b. Foreclosure
19. Actionforpartitionofproperty.Incapableofpecuniaryestimation.
Realaction,quasiinrem
20. Action forejectment: forcible toorunlawful detainer.Doyou
needjurisidcitionoverdefendant.Inpersonamsya.Fileitinthe
placewherepropertyislocated.Realactionkasisya.
21. Attachementinpropertyandpartitionquasiinrem
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22. Actiontocollect,damages,compulsoryrecognitionnaturalchild
inpersonam,
23. Landregistration,probate,actiontoannulmarriageinrem
24. Howdoescourtacquirejurisdictionoverthedefendant?Youhave
tolookfirstforthecharacteristicsofdefendant?Residentbasyasa
PH?SUMMONS.Voluntaryappearancehastheeffectofservice
of summons. Appearance that can be construed as an implied
submissiontotheauthorityofcourt.
25. FilingananswerwithaffirmativedefenseorfilingMDquestioning
jurisidictionoverpersonsISNOTIMPLIEDSURRENDER.
26. Whenever you object, Sabihin mo yung ground MD on the
ground.LackofjurisdictionoverpersonONLYTHISGROUND
LANGDAPAT.YOUCANNOTADDANYOTHERGROUND.
Ifyouaddanotherground,dimakakadecideangcourtifwalang
jurisidictionsayoangcourt.
27. Validserviceofsummonstoacquirejurisdictionoverdefendant.
28. Whatisthevalidserviceofsummonsrequiredbyrules.
a. Serviceinpersonupondefendant.(Section6,rule14)
29. Youhavetoexerteffortsinordertolookfordefendantinperson
30. Ideaonwhattodo.ManotocvsCA
a. ReasonabletimeisTHREETIMES
b. Ifyoucantfindhimdespitereasonableefforts.Yourefforts
mustbedetailedinreport.REASON.Onlythenyoucango
tosecondstagewhichisthesubstitutedservice.Substituted
serviceistheexceptionratherthantherule
c. Imee marcos in Hawaii wasa defendant in a civil case
allegedly because of a certain death of Y because was
allegedlykilledoneofbodyguards.Butthiswasfiledin
Hawaiiunderhumanitarianprinciple.Inordertoexecute
judgementinthePHyouhavetofileseparateactionfor
foreignjudgement(ACTIONINPERSONAM)Summons
inserviceinperson.Iniwansaisangtaoyungsummonsna
dipaankatiradun.Nagkakaso,issueistamabaservice
summons?NONONO.walangefforts!Atdinakalagaysa
sheriffreturn.

d. Pagsubstitutedservice:balikkasabahayleaveitsaperson
ofSUFFICIENTAGEanddiscretionWHORESIDESIN
THATPLACE.
e. Ifpumuntakaoffice,walangtao.Janitor.Sinoincharge?
Akokasijanitorialservices.Pwedeiwan.
f. MEMORIZESECTION6AND7RULE14
31. Pantaleoncase
a. Summonsbypublicationwillnowacquirejurisdiction
over the defendant in an action in personam!
GENERALRULE!
b. However1997Ruleshasgivenexceptions:Section14of
rule14(whateveractions)
i. Whendefendantidentityisunknown
ii. Whereaboutsofdefendantisunknown
32. Section 16 of rule 14 allows summons by publication (kapag
residenttemporarilylangoutsideoftheph)
33. Section15rule14issummonsbypublication
34. Nonresidentdefendant.
a. Notreallyaforeigner
b. Filipinowhoaregreencardholdersarenonresident
c. ONEWAYTOACQUIREJURISDICTION.
d. Voluntaryappearance!
e. Validserviceofsummons
f. Nosummonsbypublication
g. Exception:NONE
35. Howdoyousendsummonsbypublication(actioninpersonam)
a. GeneralruleHINDI.
b. Letsassumehewillnotvoluntaryappear
c. Ifrefusestoaccept:featherittohim
d. Youwenttohimbutcannotfind:Exertefforts
e. Ifwalatalaga,substitutedservice
f. Ifwalangsubstitutedservicebecausehemadedisappearing
act : summon by publication with leave of court under
doctrineofwhereabouts.
36. IborrowedmoneytoH.heknowswhereIlive.Iamnothiding.
Buthemadesummonsbypublicationkasihewantedeverybodyto
9

knownamayutangakosakanya.IdidnotfileananswerthoughI
readit.Declaredakongdefault.Seriffcametomeexecutionof
judgement. Can I question? YES LACK OF JURISDICTION
OVERDEFENDANT.Justhavethecasearchivesifdipwedeby
publication
37. MrYwholookslikeamestizoMexicanandachineseatthesame
time.HeisatouristinmexicohecametoPHtoseeifmount
mayon is perfect cone, if bohol will give chocolates. Stayed in
manilahotel.Fellinlovewithafrontdesk.Actiontofileannul
marriageINREMTO.Ifinrem,doyouneedjurisdictionover
thespouse?NO.Whatkindofsummons?EXTRATERRITOIAL
SERVICE OF SUMMONS! Section 15. That kind of summons
willapplyonlytoadefendantwhoisnotaresidentofthePHbut
atthesametimewhoisoutsideph.Whatarethekindsofsummons
youhavetosend?
a. Personalserviceintheprecedingarticle:
b. Summonsbypublicationtogetherewithregisteredmailin
thelastknownaddress
c. Inanymannerwhichcourtmaydeemedsufficient
38. In summons in Section 15served in acquiring jurisdiction over
defendant?NO.DAHILDIKAILANGANSAINREMACTION.
SENT ONLY FOR COMPLYING WITH CONSITTUTIONAL
REQUIREMENTOFDUEPROCESSLANG.FORNOTIFYING
HIMLANG
39. RomualdezvsRicaros
a. husbandandwifeweremarriedin1968
b. 1971spearatedbedandboardDefacto
c. theyhavetwochildren10yearsold
d. WifedecidedtogotoUSAwithchildrenwithintentionto
leave
e. Sheobtaineddivorce
f. Subsequently entered an agreement for separation in
property
g. Whenheknewthatwifefledfordivorce,hefiledactionto
annulInrem

h. Summons by publication. SUMMONS DEEMED BY


COURTSUFFICIENT
i. Nungmalamannimargaritanaanannulnayungmarriage,
pumalagsya!PumntasaPHatnagfilengjudgementof
annul of marriage on ground WRONG SUMMONS. Di
pwedesummonsbypublication.
j. SC : PWEDE NAMAN YUN AH! Kasi in rem sya.
Extraterritorial service or any maner court may deemed
sufficient.
40. IamaresidentofCalicametovisitmyonlysurvivinguncle.
41. Bankofbrazilcase
a. Abouttheshipthatsetanchorinlaunion.
b. Rinerepairandshipfor1mplus50percentvaluengcargo.
c. Kalangcustomsnayunyungnapirate.Nungnakahanap
ngprobablecause,
d. Seize the ship but the problem is di pa nababayran ang
repair
e. Therepairer,boileddownactionforsumofmoney.
f. Defendantsarenonresidents(bankofbrazil);ownerof
shipisnonresident
g. NO ONE FILED THE ANSWER. Nalaman na lang sa
kakilalaPh.
h. Voiddahilangrenderjudgementdahilnojurisdictionover
defendant
i. Residentbaornon?
j. Natureofaction?inpersonam
k. Canyouacquirebyvirtueofsummonsbypublication?
NO.
l. JUDGEMENTISVOID.Becauseitisactioninpersonam.
Serviceinpersondapat.Servicebypubisnotamodeof
acquiring.
42. Ifyouaresuedforinjunction(torestrainyoufromcertainacts)do
weneedjurisidcitionovertheperson?Inpersonambasya?YES.
Becausedikaangeenjoinngwholeworld.

10

43. Is an action for specific performance that action that requires


jurisidciton over defendant? Action in personam. Yes need and
jurisdictionoverdefendant.
44. Nonresidentisalreadyoutofthephatthetimethereiscomplaint.
Howcanyouacquirejurisdictionovertheperson?Inpersonam.
NOWAY.Unlessitisvoluntary.
45. Canyouuseextraterritorialservice?NONONO!inanactionin
personamagainstanonresidentwhoisoutsidePH.
46. Cantherebeextraterritorialinanactionofannulmentofmarriage
wheretheotherspouseisoutsidePH?YESYESYES.Becauseit
isainrem
47. Collection of sum of money. Would you advice your client to
action for sum of money? Or advice him to take of another
remedy?Asalawyerwagyungactionforsumfmoneykasiwala
nasyasaPH.Insteadfileanactionforforeclosureofmortgage
underRule16.Quasiinremangforeclosureofmortgagetherefore
you can use extraterritorial service under. For the purpose of
acquiringjurisidcitionoverthething.
48. Ifthedebtis5Mandpropertyandforeclosureissoldinthehighest
bidderfor4Mdeficiency500k.UnderREM,hecanavailofthe
deficiency. Pero if non resident summons by publication. Di
pwededeficiencydahilynayinpersonamna.
49. Actionforsumofmoneyagainstnonresidentwhoisolongerin
thePH.NoREMbuthehaspropertyinPH.Inpersonam.Lookfor
propertiesinPHaskforprelimattachment.Quasiinremnasya.
Pwedenabaextraterritorialservice?YESmeronnajrusidiciton
overtheres.
50. SuppposehecomesbacktoPHservessummon.Soagainmeron
nanginpersonamsoasifthereisdeficiency,pwedekatumakbo.
51. Natureofaction:Specifiicperformance
a. Toexecuteadeedofsaleinfavorofplaintiffsothatthey
couldacquireownershiplandandregisterit?
b. Lookatthenatureoftheaction.
c. PropertyislocatedinMuntinlupa
d. VENUE:Muntinlupa.Realaction

e. Whatcourt?RTCdahilspecificperformance.Incapableof
pecuniaryaction
f. Summons : served in person in defendants residence in
alabangbutitwasnotservedinpersonbecausedefendant
isnotanymorearesidentofph.Butalreadyaresidentin
OhaioUS.Thedefendantnumbertwowhoisthebrotheris
aresidentinalabangbutatthattimehewasinbicol.The
sheriffiniwasnsanaiwan.Substitutedservice.Humingipa
ngleaveofcourtparasabypublication.Disuamgotna
defaultforspecificperformance.I
g. ISSUE:isthejudgementvalid?
h. Defendant1:HINDIVALIDangserviceinperson
i. Subsittiutedserviceagainstanonresidentwhois
outsideph.
ii. Substitutedservicewillonlyapplyifresidentka.
i. Wassummonsbypubeffective?NO.specificperformance
isanactioninpersonam.
j. JUDGEMENTWASMADEWITHOUTJURSIDICTION
OVERTHEPERSON
k. Residentdefendant:NOTVALID.Walangeffortstolook
togivesummonspersonally.Conditionsprecedentwasnot
strictlycompliedwith.
l. Summonsbypublicationwasnoteffective.SAACTION
INPERSONAMBAWAL.
m. ExceptionpagwalanayasaPH
n. Identityisunknwonn
o. Reseidenceisunknown
p. Walangjurisdictionovertheperson

CAUSEOFACTION
1. Rule2section1:Everyordinarycivilactionmustbecauseof
action
2. IfhereisnoCAyoucannotfileCivilaction
11

3. DoesitmeanthatyoudidnotneedCAinaspecialcivilaction?
Youstillneed.Butnotinall.
a. Actionforexpropriationifayawibigayangproperty
b. Certioraririghttoajudgementwereviolated.GAD
butinrule62.Iamalesseeinanapartmentbuilding.
c. InterpleaderLessorisY.MrYswhereaboutmadea
disappearingactandnolongerreturn.Nextmonthone
ladywasrunningtome,Iamthewife,Iwillcollectthe
rentals.Anotherlady,collect.Whoisthewife?Wasmy
right violated? NONE butI can file interpleader and
compelthemtoletthecourtdecide.
4. Declaratory relief. Rule 63 A person under a deed, statute,
instrument,awill,etcbeforeabreachofalawcanaskthecourtfor
declarationofwhat his rights areunder thelaw Nocause of
actionRule63thereisnorightviolated.
5. Declaratoryrelieftalksaboutothersimilarremedies.Consolidation
ownership, quiteting title, reformation of instru, there could be
possiblyapossiblecauseofaction.
6. IsthereanordinarycivilactionifthereisreallynoCA?
7. ConceptofCAdoesnotcomefromprocedurallaw.
8. SourcesofobligationisalsoasourceofCA
9. Employerdinagbayadminimumwage.Myrightforminwageis
violated.Source?Thelaw.
10. Specificexamplesincauseofactions
a. PNdueanddemandableDecember5,1998.Obliina
period.ThecomplaintwasfiledNovember30,1998.
b. Nocauseofactioncausepremature
c. Summonswasservedondec 7,1998.Binterposesa
MDonthegroundthatthecomplaintstatenocauseof
action.Shouldyoudismiss?Walangcasetalagadahil
prematureinthefirstplace.
11. Ifoneofthemisabsent,itdoesntmeanthatyouhavenocause
action,itonlymeansyoudidnotstatecauseofaction.
12. Pwedebamadismissforlackofcauseofaction?NO.perofailure
tostatecauseofactionPWEDE

13. PNreadsIpromisetopayYmydebtor100kwhenevermymeans
permitsmesignedAdriano,april1,2000.2007na,nagdemand
PN. nag file case. I interposed MD. Failure to state cause of
action.ITISNOTYETDUEDAHILshallpermitshimtodo
so..OBLIWITHPERIOD.Youhavetoaskcourtfirsttofixthe
period.paramalamanduedate.
14. Causeofactionthatarisesformcontract.Contractofcarriage.Bus
1acceptedpassengers.Commoncarrier?No.nocauseofaction
15. Sarmientocase
a. Sarmientotrackingcompanyoffersandexclusivelyin
onecompany.
b. Oneday,angsabingindustriesyougotodagupangive
100 refrigerators. Someon in tarlac there was a
collision,damageyungref.Theinsurerofrefrigerator
is MGU insurance. MGU paid concepcion. When
insurance company pays, can now proceed go to
trackingcompany.Suitforrecoverywasanchoredwas
inabreachofcontractofcarriage.Dinaprovenaako
aynegligent.Dahilirprovekasidiakocommoncarrier
henceIampresumedinnocent.
16. Alternative causes of action If you have alternative cause of
actionitispossiblemaybeinconsiststenttotheother.
17. Causeofactionbasedonabrechofcontractdoes notneedan
allegationofnegligenceonpartofbreachofcontract.
18. ElementsofClasssuitRule3
19. ClasssuitagainstMarcoswassustainedinAmericaifbroughtto
PHnotvalidhere.
20. Commonandgeneralinterestinthesubjectmatterdapat!
21. Illustrationtorealproperty(Mathaycase)
a. 10 hectare land divided into several parcels of land
constitutes1pesos.
b. Itsfamilyoccupiesalittlesquare.
c. Thenherecomesacompanywhichsucceededhaving
title to the entire land therefore causing undue
disadvantagewiththe1000families.
12

d. Can they file class suit? NO. The interest of each


member is only on that particular land which the
famiiesoccupy.Ihavenoconcernsaibangfamily.
22. Newsweek:NOONESHARESINMYOWNREPUTATION.
Nogeneralinterestonareputationofeachindividual
23. Anairplanecarrying20passengerscrashedinjungleofubusan.
Allpassengersandcrewperished.20relativesfiledforthemselves
andinbehalfoftherelativesaclasssuitfordamagestotaling5M.
the propriety of class suit is questioned. Resolve. NO CLASS
SUIT.Nocommonorgeneralinterestinthecontrovery.Eachof
plaintiffs has separate claims for damages. Ang hurt mo ay
separatesaiba.Angpagiyakmosapagkamataysakamaganakay
sayolang.Hindishinasharesakamaganak.
24. 400residentsofbarrioramosinitiatedaclassactionthroughan
angerinatowntorecoverdamagessustainedduetoexposureto
toxicwastelocatedinthetown.Istheclasssuitproper?NONO
NO.Eachplaintiffsfferseparateanddistinctdamagestothetoxic
wasteandfumesomittedinthecocaineland.
25. No class suit if interest of one is IDENTIFIABLE AS HIS
ALONE.Ifitisidenitifiablespecificinmatterbecauseitrequires
GENERALINTEREST.
26. Case
a. People in a community where there is sort of
agreement.Paluwagan.
b. Memberscontributedtotheofficers.Theydontknow
how much they contribute. Suddenly treasurer made
disappearingact.Cantheyfileclass suit?YES.Kasi
maygeneralinterest.Dikonaalamkunganoodunang
perako.Naghalohalona.
27. Wowoweeincident.Mgakamaganakwalangclasssuit.
28. PeopleinGuimarasisalanditmayhaveaclasssuitpwedewala.If
onefishermanmagallegenasira,yungisanasira,yungisanasira
din.DICLASSSUIT.Perokapagangallegationayenvironmental
issuePWEDECLASSSUIT.
29. OposavsFactorancaseyungsataas!

Jurisdictionpowertoexecutethedecision
1. Dismissforlackofjurisdictionnotjurisdictionoverdefendant.
Jurisdictionoverthematterto(presumptionsabarexam)
2. Jurisdictionisthepowerbutactingthruthatpoweristheexercise
ofjurisdiction.YoucanonlyexerciseJurisdictionifyouhavethe
power
3. ExercisengjursidcitionpagwalangjurisdictionisVOIDVOID
VOID
4. Ifthereareerrorsintheexericiseofjurisdictionwalangerrorsin
theexercisejurisdictionhindisaerrorinthejurisdiction
5. Distinguisherrorinjurisidcitonanderrorinexerciseofjurisdiction
6. Errorofjudgmenetisnotanerrorofjurisidcitionbuttheerrorof
theexerciseofjurisdiction
7. Error of judgement when court commits wrong in the
appreciationoffacts,evidednce,andfactswithevidence.does
notmakedecisionvoid.canbeexecutedifnooneappeals!
8. Errorofjurisdictionineitherof3instancesnojurisdictionatall,
or initially there is jurisdiction but court gravely abused its
discretionamountingtolackofJ,therewasjurisdictionbutcourt
exceeding amounting to lack of jurisdiction. makes the
decisionvoidatfirstglance
9. Errorofjdugementshouldbecorrectedbymeansofappeal.
10. Errorofjurisdictionis correctedbypetitionforcertiorariunder
rule65
11. Ifyouwanttoraisequestionofjurisdiction,doitbyemansof
ceriotrari
12. Ifyouwanttoraisethatcourtnagbigayerrorofjudgmentyou
appeal
13. Ifyouaretocontetjurisdicitiongravelyabuse..donotappeal!
Certiorari!
14. Whencomplaintisfiledbeforecourt,courthasprimaryduty,has
to look at the complaint to determine whether or not it has
jurisdictionoverSM.
13

15. Ifthecourtfindsithasnojurisdiction,courtdoesnothavetowait
foramotion,courthasdutytodismissthecomplaintduetolackof
jurisdictionoverSM.
16. if court knows that you they have jurisdiction over SM, court
cannotrefusetoactonit.Canthisbecompellablebymandamus?
YESkasiministerialdutysyangcourt
17. butyoucannotcompelbymandamustoactinfavorofplaintiffor
defendant!
18. Conceptofhierarchyofcourts
19. Conceptofprimaryjurisdiction
20. Ancillaryjurisdictiontherighttocallawitness
a. Thegrantofabiggerpowerisagranttosmallpower
21. SMissomethingrelatedtothenatureofthecase
22. UnlawfuldetainerSMto
23. AccionpublciaianaSMto
24. MattersincapabaleofpecuniaryestimationSM
25. HomicideSM
26. RapeSM
27. How is SM conferred? BY LAW. Not only statute. But also
constitution!
a. You are not referring to a rule, not regulation, not
administrativeheadings.
28. Howdoyouknowifanunlawfuldetainerissubjecttojurisidiciton
ofaMTC?Lookatthelawbecauseitconfersjurisdicition.
29. JurisdictionoverSMcannotbeconferredbystipulationofparties.
30. Ahabitoftakingcognizancengmalingsm,cannotbeconferred
byregularexercise.
31. Jurisdictioncannotbeconferredbytherightnessofthedecision
made.
32. Cannotbeconferredbythegoodfaithofcourt,parties,litigants.
33. You can be prevented from questioning jurisdiction when SC
barredfromestoppelbylaches.
34. Estoppeldoesnotconferjurisdiction.Estoppelwillonlybaryou
forprocedurallyquestionjurisdiction.
35. Howdoyouuseestoppelinbarexams.Lookseries,factors in
variousdecisionsofSC.Usingestoppel!23scra29

a. Tijamcase!
b. Thesuretyquestionedjurisdicitionoverthecase.
c. Whensuretyfoundout,thatitwillgiveadversedecisionof
thecourt,butitactivelyparticipatedwithoutquestioning
jurisdiction
d. Nung nag lose sya ng case, dun lang sya nag question
jurisdicition
36. SClangpwedemagsabiifestopped!Notanyothercourts.
37. if jurisdiction oer SM is conferred by law of course di ma
wawaive!HowisjurisdictionoverSMdeterminedbythecourt?
Allegations of the complaint. Basahin ang complaint! Hindi
tinitingnan ang puso isip diwa ng defendant. Dapat yung
allegation.Kunganonakasaad.Totoomanohindiangkatotohan
aykaylangantuklasinsatrial.
38. Actionforcollectionofsummoney1MfiledinRTC.Defendant
filedaMDongroundoflackofjurisisdiction.Duringhearingof
motiontodismiss.Nagpakitaangdefendantngevidenceay100k
langhindi1M.Naniwalaangjudgesadefendant.Dinismissniya.
Did judge act correctly? Judge has jurisidiction by virture of
allegationofcomplaint.Actisnottodismiss!Buttrialdapat.
39. Court should concentrate on the allegations of the complaint
whethere there is conflict on the title and allegation.
ALLEGATIONWILLPREVAIL.
40. Wherecourthasnojurisdictionhehasnorighttoremandthecase!
DISMISSLANGDAPAT.
41. Itevendoesnothavepowertoremandkasiangremandasifmay
jurisdiction.
42. WhencourthasjuridisictionoverSMasdeterminedbyallegations
ofcomplaintandlateronevidenceisrepresentednthecourt,inthe
thinking that court jhas no jurisdiction, COURT WILL NOT
DISMISS. Dapat continue trying the case. Jurisdicition is not
coferredbyevidence.
43. MTC300k;evidence1M.Courtdimagrelysa1M.dapatsa
allegationwhichis300k
44. EvidencedoesnotdeterminejurisdictionButthereisinstancethat
itwasallowedtobedeterminedbyevidence.
14

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

Actionforejectment
DefendantsDitoejectmentitoaytenancycase
Evidence:tenancytalaga.
DISMISSto.Bringittopropercourt.
When defense is tenancy in an ejectment suit. Mere
defenseoftenancywillnotdeprivecourtofjursidcition
butifevidenceshowsthatitisreallytenancy,bringitot
propercourt,dismissthecase.

PLEADINGS
1. Jurisdictionovertheissues.
a. Issuesoflaw
b. Issuesoffact
2. Distinguishquestionsoflawandquestionsoffact.
3. Howdowdetermineissuesinthecase?Welookatthepleadings!.
Thepleadingswilldetermineissuesofthecase.Anissuewillarise
if there is material allegation and that material aleation is
specificallydeniedbytheparty!Ifthereisnospecificallegation,
thereisNOISSUEastothatallegation.
4. Suppose defendant borrowed 1M from me. Sagot ng kabila, I
admit!NOISSUE.
5. Supposetheallegationthereisdenialspecificblabla.Thereis
issueoffacts!THEREISISSUE!
6. Ifthereisdenialbutdenialisnotspecificthereisgeneraldenial..
pag general denialthere is NO ISSUE because there is
admission.
7. Ifthereisnoissueoffactsatlaw,thereisnotriableissuehereis
noissuetogoon..
8. Plaintiff for move judgement on the pleadings DAHIL
WALANGISSUE.LAHTAYADMITTED.
9. Cantherebeissuesevenifnotraisedinthepleadingsbywayof
materialallegationsandspecificyesiftherearestipulations!

10. Canthereissuesinthecaseevenifnotagreeduponyes!When
thereisimpliedamendmentonthepleadings
11. Pano magkaroon ng implied pleadings? Rule 10
AMENEDMENTS
12. Issuesraisedinthecasehavecenteredonownership.Theissueof
ownerhsipisownershipalone.Walangissuesapossession.During
trialplaintiffadduceevidencethatheisinpossession.Therewas
noobjectionbyplaintiff.Thecourtwillnotobject!Noobjection!
Asifwaivednasya.Courtcanincludematteronpossession!Itis
asifraisedinthepleadings!
13. In a complaint in a sum of money filed before the MetC the
plaintiff did not mention or even just him made in defendant.
During trial, the plaintiff dly offered exhibit A for puroposeof
proving that there was extrajudicial demand to pay the loan.
ExhibitAwasaletteraddressedtodefendant.2monthsbeforesuit
was demand. NO OBJECTION TO EXHIBIT A. DAPAT
MOTIONTODISMISSforfailuretostatecauseofaction.During
trialpinakitaangdemand!Walangobjection.Angginawangcourt
admittedexhibitA!WastheadmissionofExhibitAerroneous?
NOOO.Itshouldbetreatedasifitisraisedinpleadings.Itmaybe
amended,ifnotamendeditwillnotaffecttrialintheissue.KASI
WALANGOBJECTION.
14. Duringtrial,plaintiffwasabletopresentwithoutobjectiononthe
partofdefendantinanejectmentcaseevidenceshowingwasserve
a written demand in the property. May the correspondence
pleadingtoconcurtotheevidence?Sameanswerastheprevious
one. Canyoumovetoconformtotheevid?YES.Becausethe
issuewasraisedtothepleadingskasiwalangobjection.
a. Walangtrialangejectmentcase.Haha!
15. Allegations:plaintiffisdemanding1M
a. During trial, evidence was adduce that actual liability is
1.2M but that 1.2 was admitted without objection of
defendant. But the prayer and allegation 1M. May court
render judgement under 1.2M? YES. 1.2M was not
objected.Itisasif1.2Mwastheoneraisedinthepleading.
Itwillbecoveredbygeneralprayer.Failuretoobjectwill
15

generate an issue even if not raised in the pleadings.


IMPLIEDAMMENDMENTINTHEPLEADINGS
b. This will not apply when judgement is judgement by
default.
c. Exception: If defendant is a adjudged default. Prayer in
complaintis1M.duringpresentationofevidenceexparte,
plaintiffwasabletoprovethat1.2Mhindi1M.Ofcourse
thereisNOMOREDEFENDANTdahildefaultsya.May
the court render judgement sa 1.2M? NO. dahil rule 9,
section3.Reliefincaseofjudgementbydefault.
d. Plaintiffisonlylimitedtowhatheisprayedfor.
16. Neitherthistheorywillapplyinacriminalproceeding.Nosuch
thingasimpliedamendementinthecomplaint.
17. Informationishomicide,duringtrial,evidenceisshowingthereare
circumstancesofthreatbutthiswasnotobjected.Maythecourt
adjudgemurderdahilwalangobjection?NONONONO.Bawal
syasacriminalcase.
18. CanMTChandleREALACTIONS?YES.Thereareonlytworeal
actions which is sure na nasa MTC. Unlawful detainer and
forcibleentry.Rentalshindi!Evenamounttobillions..damages
hindiPEROYOUHAVETOLOOKKUNGUNLAWFUL
DETAINERBATALAGA
19. Accion publiciana, accion reindivicatoria look at the assessed
valuefirst.OutsideMM20,000andbelowMTCsya.MM50k
andbelowMeTC.
20. Can a MeTc take cognizance of a case for injunction? NO. an
action for injunction by nature and inherently incapable for
pecuniaryestimationhenceRTCsya.
21. AnongcourtmayissuewritepreliminaryinjunctionRTC.
22. Angpwedemagfileprovremediesaycourwhohasjurisidiction
overthecase.
23. Mayanmtcissueawriteofsupportpendeteliteinanactionfor
support?NOOO.Dahilmainactionneversamtc.Mainactionay
actionforsupportinvolvesrighttosupport.Incapableofpecuniary
estimation hence RTC or family court. RTC kasi may ibang
walangfamilycourt.

24. Whenanactionhasbothcharacteristicsofarealactionandan
actionofincapableofpecuniaryestimation,youwillnotconsider
itsrealnatureforpurposesofjurisdiction,forpurposesofvenu
langitookie!
25. Actionforannulmentofasaleofaland,Isoldalandtoyou.I
filedanactionforannulment.WhatcouldbethereasonwhyIam
filingforannulment.Itisbecausemyconsentisvitiated.Dahil
insane minorrr blab la. When I sold my land to you, you
become the owner, real property, issue of ownership. REAL
ACTIONito.ButactiontoannulraisesissueofDOIHAVETHE
RIGHTTO ANNULIT? Incapable ofpecuniary estimation ito.
HenceRTCito.
26. Inwhatplace?Wherepropertyislocated.
27. Royal traders bank. May emergency loan pawnshop. May lupa
itong royal traders na nasa davao. Ibinenta sa emergency loan
pawnshop. Ay lupang yang ay ready na 1110 sq m may
representationnaamgandaanglupapwedetirahan.sobiniling
emergencyloan.Hindipala110sqm.100sqmlangkasisquatters
nayungiba.Galitnggalitsya.Andfiledactionforannulmentof
saleinRTCdavao.RTCtama.Incapableofpecuniarykasi.Tama
basadavao?Wrong.Realactionto.Dapatsabaguio.
28. IfactionforspecificperformancelamangRTCito!
29. Specificperformanceanddamages55,000DONOTLOOKAT
THEDAMAGES.Saspecificperformancelangtitingin.RTCpa
din
30. Sepcificiperformancefordamagesof150k.Storyischanged.Do
notlookatspecificperformance.Incapableofpecuniaryestimation
orlookattheamountofdamageshere.YougotoMTCnow.
31. Whichcourthasjurisdictionoveractionforreplevin?Lookatthe
valueofpersonalpropertythatissubjectofreplevin!The300kor
400kOutsideMM.
32. Supposeplaintiffsaysthevalueofpropertyis500kanddefendant
saysitsonly250k!Whichassessmentwillprevail?PLAINTIFFs
assessment.Kasiallegationswilldetermine
33. Which court will have jurisdiction in action for interpleader ?
Dependonthepropertysubjecttotheinterpleader.Ifpersonal
16

lookatthevalueofgoodsorproperty.VALUECUTOFF300k
400kdependingonlocation.
34. Butsupposerealproeprtsainterpleadelookattheassesdvalue
inrespectrealprop;20kor50kascasemaybe.Dependingsa
location
35. WheretheMTCexercisesjurisdictionoveradelegatedcaselike
cadastral and land registration proceeding will the decision be
appealabletoRTC?NOOOO.MTCwillbeactingasanRTCin
thatcase.Kapagcadastralorlandreg,appealableasifrenderedin
theRTC.
36. Can an MTC take cognizance on petition for certiorari,
mandamus? NOOO. RTC pwede, CA pwede, SC, pwede.
Sandiganbyanapwede
Summaryproceedings
1. Whatisjurisdictionalamountinasummaryproceedingcase?
OutsideMM100kandbelow;MM200kandbelow.But
thesearepersonalactions
a. Real actions subject to summary proceedings?
Unlawful detainer and forcible entry. Probate cases
NEVER TALAGA MAGIGING SUMMARY. Evn if
amountorassesdvalueis100orbelow
2. You cannot file intervention, third party complaint in a
summaryproceedings.
3. Canyoufileacomplaint?yes,counterclaim?Crossclaim?
Answercc,YES
4. Reply?Complaintinintervention,motiontointerveneNO
5. Therearealsomotionsthatcantbefiled:motionforbillof
particulars,motiontodismissonlyontwogroundsLackof
jurisdictionandfailuretocomplybaragnaryconciliation.
6. Canyoufileamotiontodeclaredefendantindefault?NOOO.
Whatareyougoingtodo?Fileamotiontorenderjudgement.
Whichcourtmaymotupropriorender.
7. Suppose you have ground MD : statue of frauds, lack of
jurisdiction over defendant.. blab la YOU CANNOT FILE

THISkasidisyabelongsasummaryproceedings.Oreitherof
thetwogroundsnanasasummaryproceedinglang.

JURISDICTION
1. Which courts in MM have jurisdiction over an action for
injunction?RTC.Kasiincapableofpecuniaryestimation.
2. WhichcourtiinMetroManilaanactionforreplevinofmotor
cycle?MeTC.Lookatthevalueofproperty
3. Action for interpleader to determine to receive 190k from
plaintiffMTC.Kasi190k.
4. Apetitionforaprobateofawillinvolvinganestatevaluedat
200kMeTC.

Appeals(STUDYMORE)
1. Whichcourthasjurisdictionoverappeal?RTC
2. PetitionforreliefisNOTANAPPEAL.Wheredoyoufile?
Rule38insuchcourtmeaningyoufilepettionforreliefin
samecourtwhichrenederedjudgement.Ifdecisionofrtcinthe
same court. THIS IS NOT A NEW COMPLAINT.
EXTENSIONLANGITO.
3. The rtc decided a case, the action that was filed by losing
litigantwasactiontoannuljudgementofrtc.Whichcourtahs
jurisdictiononactionofannulmentofRTC?Courtofappeals.
Jurisdictionisnotonlyoriginalbutalsoexclusive!RULE47.
Section9,BP129.Exclusiveoriginaljurisdiction.
4. Section10rule37.Actiontoannulajudgementofamunicipal
trialcourtshouldbelodgedinaRTC.Havingajurisdiction
overthearea.
5. A decision was rendered by MTC , losing litigant wants to
appealwhichcourthasappellatejurisdictionoverjudgementor
finalorder?RTC.
17

6. Howdoyouappeal?Filingnoticeofappeal.Wheredoyoufile
noticeofappeal?Nowaytofilesasamecourtwhichorginal;
paykadinappellatefees.
7. Isitpossiblethatadecisionofthemunicipaltrialcourtwillbe
appealednottotheRTCbutitwillCAoverthatdecisionof
thatMTC?Yes.Whenitisdecidingonadelegatedjurisdiction
cadastral or land registration cases. Decision under bp 129,
decisionofmtcinlandandacadastralareappealableinthe
same way as a rtc. Because that jurisdiction is inherent
jurisdicitiondelegated.(MEDYOMALABOITO)
8. YouarefromRTC,youcanhearbecausesomeonefiledfor1m
pesos.Youlostthecase.youfiledmotionfornewtrialhere.
Appeal,sacadapat.
9. OrdinaryappealappealfromdecisionofRTCintheexercise
ofitsorignianljurisdictionsartcfinilemuna
10. HowdoyouappealfromRTCtoCA?filenoticeofappealsa
CA;paydocketfees
11. Whichcourthasjurisdictionoverandordinaryappealonrtc?
CA
12. Case coming from mtc. Poor guy lost. He wants to appeal.
RTCdapat.
13. Natalonanamansartc.Hewantstoappeal.Whichcourthas
jurisidcition over that appeal? From rtcs decision. CA!! file
(petitionforreviewunderrule45)saCA.
14. Decisionofrtcisadecisionrenderedinexerciseofappellate
jurisdiction,yungisaoriginaljurisdiction.
15. WhencasewasfiledinRTC,natalo.Butyudontwanttoraise
questions offacts.Gustomopurequestions oflawthatang
court misinterpreted the law. You file appeal with CA. CA
dismissedit.Correct?Yes.Ifpurequestionsoflaw,wagsa
CA.JumpsaSC.SChasjurisdictionoverpurequestionsof
law.RenderedonitsoriginaljurisdictionRULE45(petition
forreviewoncertiorari/appealcertiorarionSC)
16. Decision natalo sa MTC. Natalo sa RTC and he wanted to
appeal on pure questions of law. Finile sa CA. CA took
cognizanceofit.Correct?Yiiiz!IfyoucomefromRTCandit

decidedonthecaseandyouwanttoraisepurequestionsof
law,appellatecourtandrtc.CApwede.Rule42.
17. CanCAconducthearingsandtrialsandreceiveevidencedoes
ithavejurisdictiontodosoexerciseofappellatejurisdiction?
Yess.
18. Rule40actionoriginallyfiledinMTCbutdismissedbylack
ofjurisidictionsm.Soappealedsartc.Rtcaffirmsdismissal
below.Whenrtcaffirmsitwillnotdismissthecase,itwill
conductahearingasifitwasoriginallyfiledwithit.Section8.
Pagnatalosartc,youwanttoappeal.PuntakaCA.whatmode
ofappealwouldyouuse?Ordinaryappealrule41?Orappeal
by way petition of review under rule 42? RULE 41 dapat!
Ordinary appeal. BECAUSE IT IS AS IF IT WAS
ORIGNALLYFILEDINRTC.
19. FromCAwheredoyougo?SC.Canyouquestionitbyrule65
GAD?Rule45dapat.
20. MayaggrievedpartyfileapetitionforcertiorariinSCunder
rule65insteadoffilingapetitionforreviewoncertiorariunder
rule45tonullifyinexerciseoriginalappellate?Rule45dapat
notrule65.FROMCAtoSCuserule45.
21. SupposeyoucamefromadivisionofTaxappeals.Youlost
dun sa two divisions. Which court has jurisdiction over
grievancesoverthosedivisions. EnbancofTaxappealsRa
9282.FromdecisionofEnbancpuntakaSCrule45.Why?
Samerank.
22. StudyRA9282
23. Whenyoucamesandiganbayan,natalo.PuntakaSC.Userule
45.
24. YoucamefromNLRC,nataloka.PuntakaCAandfilepetition
forreviewunderrule43.NONO.USERULE65.Issuesraise
isjurisdiction.Kasirule65.
25. If you are complaining about decision quasi judicial bodies
otherthanNLRC,wheredoyougo?CA.petitionforreview
underrule43.
26. Whenyoucameformadminbodies(rule43)departmentof
agrareform.GalitnnagalitkasaDARAB.Youwanttofile
18

annulmentoverdecisionofDARAB.Wheredoyougo?Donot
fileactionforannulment.Petitionforreviewrule43puntaka
CA.dipwederule47kasilimitedlangtosaMTCtoRTCat
RTCtoCA.
27. Comelec,coa,csc.YouareaggrievedbyCSC,wheredoyou
go?Whichcourthasjurisdiction?CA!!!!!petitionforreview
rule43.
28. Icamefromcomelecenbanc.Iwasaggrieved.Sankapunta?
SC.Byrule65accordingtorule64.(Limitedto30dayslang
angfilingdittosarulenato)
29. IfCoarule65accdgto64samesataas.
30. Aggrieved by resolution of ombudsman which court has
jurisdiction? Make distinctions. Admin case ba sya or crim
case? if admin case : CA! By rule43 pet for review.
(ombudsmanlaw)Ifcrimcase:SCbyrule65.

TYPESOFPARTIES
1. Whomaybepartiesincivilactions?
2. Wheredoyoufileenumerationofjuridicalpersons.Article44of
CC.
3. Can someone or something be a party even that said aprty is
neitheranaturalnorjuridicalperson?Yes as longascalledby
entityauthorizedbylawtobeaparty.
4. Arethereareotherentitiescanbepartieskahithindisila
5. Realpartyininterestrelateittoconceptofcauseofaction.
6. Whoserightwasviolated?Thepersonwhoserightisviolatedis
therealpartyininterest.
7. Kelanmagigingindispensableangisangparty?Therecannotbea
finaldeterminationofthecase.uselesstogoon.Ifplaintiffisnot
anindispensableplaintiff,whatdoyouthinkfailuretocauseof
action.Butwhenthatkindofmotionisinterposed,thecourtwill
not dismiss the case. REASON: if an indispensable party for
example

8. May 2 indispensable tas yung isang not implead etas failure to


cause of action, court di agad mag didismiss g case kasi non
joinderofpartiesisnotagroundofdismissal.Thecourtwilldois
toorderamendmentpleadingstoimpleadindispensableparties.
9. IfthereisMDrule16,deny,orderamendment,grant.Ifdimo
sinunod ang court pinapa implead pero hindi, eh hindi
magpapatuloyangkaso.Cannowthecourtdismiss?YESonthe
basisoffailuretocomplywithorderofcourrule17.
10. Necessaryvsindispensableaprties.Indispensabledipwedengwala
syakasiwalangmangyayarikungwalasya.Angnecessaryparty
masmabutianndyansyakungpwedeisali,isalimo.Peroifhindi,
okaylang.kasowalakacompleteangmakukuhasacourtnarelief
11. Fileactionforannulmentongroundsoffrauddolocausante.Ako
akoindispensablepartykasiakokasamsacontractofsale.Hindi
angwife!
12. Indispensablepartyayrealpartyininterest.
13. Igangagentbumililupaorhisprincipal.Sinoangrelaapartyin
interest?Ifagentsactsonhisowninterestagentangrealparty
peroifinthenameofprincipal,principalangrealpartyininterest.
14. Whenisanagenttherealininterestandalsoprincipallyliable
evenactsinthediscloseprincipal?
15. Can an incompetent and a minor sue? Thru parents. NO. with
assistancelangdapat.
16. Cantherebealternativedefendants?Yes
17. Alternativeplaintiffs?Theoreticallyyes
18. Duringpendencyofitigation,defendantdies,themomentalitigant
dies,thefirsteffectisthattherelationshipbetweenattyandlitigant
iscutoff.Walangattyclientrelationship.Therelationshipisbease
onagency.Clientisprincipal,lawyerisagent.Oneofmodesof
extinguishingagencyisthedeathofagentorprincipal.Suppose
beforedefendantdie,plaintiffwasabouttofileareply.Becauseit
is an actionable document specifically denying under oath.
Before mag file reply, or party died, can he still have legal
personality file? No more. Kasi agency is severed. But despite
absenceofattyclientrelationshipmeronpadinresidualoblileftto
theconselwhichisnotifythecourt.Within30daysfromthedeath.
19

This must be complied unless may be affected by disciplinary


effectsinthecourt.
19. Supposecourthasbeennotifiedbythedeathofplaintiff,thecourt
firstthingtodoistoaskitself,canthiscasstillsurvivekahitpatay
nasidefendant?Effectofdeath?Uhmmifactionforannulmentof
marriagedismiss.Legalseparationdismissbastadinapwede
substitution.Perokapagactionforcollectionofsumofmoney
hindi dismiss under section 20. Even suits for damages arising
form damages. Action for ejectment, action for forcible entry,
actiontorecoverfromrealpartyitwillstillnotbedismissed.
20. Actionforsupportdismissedkaspersonal
21. Actionforsupportfromarrearshindidismiss.
22. Supposeitisnotextinguishedwhatwillowcourtdo?Courtwill
ordersubstitution.Underoldrules,heirandsusubstitutebutyou
cannotcompelheirtoebthesubstitute.Inthiscase,thecourtwill
requireadversepartytoprocureasubstitute.Angmgagastoslien
sajudgementsection16.
23. Ifnanaloplaintiff,judgementhasbeenenteredthenfilejudgement
inthesettlementproceedingsofestaterule86
24. Ejectmentcase,defendantdies,maysubstitution.Judgementwas
renderedagainstthesubstitute.Substitutewasthesonbutitisnot
onlthesonlivingsaapartmentbutalsothedagughters.Sabing
dauhters, di kami kasama!! Kasi wala kayo jurisdiction over
persons. THEY ARE BOUND BY THE JUDGEMENT. NO
NEEDFORSUMMONS.Itistheorderofsbsittionthatwillserve
summons.
25. Whenyouprepareacomplaintdonotincludeevidentiaryfacts.
YoushouldwritetheULTIMATEFACTS.
26. Whataretheultimatefacts.Essentialelementsofcauseofaction,
defenses.
27. Equivalenttoawrongverificationasifnotsignedthereforeno
legaleffectifnolegaleffectyungdefectisconsiderednottouched
jurisdicitionincourt.
28. If forgot lagay forum shopping certification pwede ba ako file
motiontoamend?NOTcurablebymereamendementpwedepa

nga syang dismissal! Pwede ba motu proprio? No. Dapat may


motionandhearing.
29. Litis pendentia and resjudicata is related to forum shopping.
ADVANTAGEgroundsforumshopping:lahatpwedemadismiss
paglitisandresjudicatapagginamitnaground:Isalangangpwede
madismiss.
30. ANopamgakasalankapagwalangforumshopping:Section5.
Willful deliberate forum shopping is a aserious violation
SUMMARYDISMISSAL.GROUNDFORCONTEMPT.
31. Compulsroycounterclaiminitiatorypleading?
32. Permissivecounterclaimkaylanganforumshoppingyes!
33. If you defrauded and gusto ko file damages against you. Not
enough to say that you defrauded kaylangan isulat manner ng
pagkadefraudsakin.

JURISDICTIONOVERPARTIES
1. Jurisdictionoverpartiesplaintiffanddefendant
2. How do court acquire jurisdiction over plaintiff filing of
complaint;paymentoffees.
3. Howdoescourtacquirejurisdictionoverdefendant?Dependson
thekindofdefendant.Ifinpersonamlangto!NotrelevantsaIN
REMandQUASIINREM(jurisdictionoverthethinglang.thing,
status)
4. AobtainedmoneyjudgementagainstB.afterfinalityofdecision,
court issued a writ of execution. For the enforcement thereof.
ConformablywiththesaidthesheriffleviedcurtainpartiesofB.
perobiglangsumulpotsiC.Cfiledathirdpartyclaimclaiming
thatBtransferredtohim.Afiledtodenythirdpartyclaim!And
gawinsiBandjudgementdebtoratCatjointlyandseverallyliable
tomeforcommittingfraudfortransferringowenerhsipBtoC.
Naghearngmotion,thecourtDENIEDthirdpartyclaimofCand
ameneded its decision declaring B and C jointly and severally
liable for the money judgement. Is the ruling correct? Ano ba
20

5.
6.
7.
8.

9.

principlepwededito?Mayjurisdictionbaoverparties?NONO
MALIANGJDUEGMENET.Chasnotbeenproperlyimpleaded,
he cannot be liable to the Judgement without trial. WALANG
JURISDICTIONKAYC
Howisjurisdictionacquiredoverpersonsofplaintiffinaspecial
civil action for mandamus? Principle is same! File and pay!!!!
Juskoooo.Samelang,mandamuslangnakalagayokieeee.
Overtheplaintiffforexpropriation.
Overpersonofdefendantinanactionofunlawfuldetainer?Proper
serviceofsummonsorvoluntaryappearance.
Howisjurisdictionacquiredbycourtoverpersonofanonresident
defendantwhois notfoundin PH inan action forcompulsory
acknowledgementofanaturalchild?Noway!Exceptvoluntary
appearance!CannotbeacquiredjurisdictiondahilwalasyasaPH.
May jursidiciton ba MTC sa special proceedings? Yes. Probate
proceedings.Probatecasesprovidedthegrossvalueofestateis
300,000andbelowoutsidemetromanila.Whetherrealorpersonal
property.Thereisachangeinthis.Maylawnabago.

EXECUTION
1. courtcannotmotuproprioexecutejudgement.Dapatmerong
motion
2. whereismotionforexecfiled?Inthecourtoforigin.
3. Supposecaseisonappealandcasewasresolvedonappeal.
Judementonappealhasbeenentered,wheredoyoufile?Court
oforigin.Ifrecordsstillintheappellatecourt?Attachmona
langsaorderofexecutionfiledincourtoforigin
4. SupposeLChesitatesinactingonyourmotion,youfileissue
orderorderingLCtoactonexecution.
5. General concepts: you are not suppose to file execution of
judgementUNLESSjudgementisexecutor.Judgementmaybe
finalinthesensethatthereisnotingmoretobedone.

6. When the judgement has become final and executory,


executionisnowamatterofRIGHT.Asarulethecourt,the
courtshouldgrantanorderofexcctonfollowbywritofexec.
7. Ministerialdutyofcourt!Becauseministerial,itisanactthat
has toperofrm,ifNOT,compellablemandamus byrule65.
KasimagkakaGADamountingtolackofjuridiscitionground
formandamus.
8. Arethereinstancesmaydenymotionforissuanceoforderand
writofexeckahitmatterofright?YES.Ifpartieshavealready
voluntarily complied with the judgement. That will not be
disturbed.Ifaprtiescompliedwithjdugementandoneparty
becauseoffraudstealth,filedmotionforexecution,courtwill
denyit!Bcauseithasalreadybeencompliedwith
9. Ifthereiscompromisingsajudgementpwedeto!
10. Evenifjudgementcanbesubjecttocompromise!
11. Walangissueofwritofexecution.Judegmentcanbenovated
andcompromised.Courtwilldenymotionforexecution.
12. Sometimes a motion for execution specify a property to be
executedtherearepeoplewhomakespeicificationstoproperty
tobeexecutedbutifithappensthatpropertyisexemptedfrom
execution,thecourtwilldenythemotion.Kasiexempted.
13. MEMORIZERULE13sarule39
14. Court cannot grant motion for execution :when motion was
filedmorethan5yearsfromentry.
15. Section6is afivestarprovision!!!Tells themannerwhich
judgementexecutioncanbesought.Firstisbymotionbutthis
mustbefiledwithin5yearsfromentryofjudgement.ENTRY
isimpotantinrule38and39.
16. 38period50daysand6monthsformentry
17. 39 period within 5 years form entry of jdugement. NOT
FROMRENDITIONBUTFROMENTRY
18. ifmotionwasfiledmorethanfiveyearsitwillbedenied!
19. Afterfiveyears,judgementisdormant.Youhavetofileana
actiontoreivethejdugement!Aslongastheactiontorevie
within10daysfromfinalityofjudgementthenyoucouldfiile
actiontorevivejudgement!
21

20. Revivialofjudgementletussupposedamagesuit1990,1997
filemotionforexecution..dipwede!Revivalofjudgementna
lang.peroactiontoindependentoftheoriginalcase.Revival
judgementnasyahindisadamagesuit!Notaboutthemeritsof
theoriginalcase!!!
21. MTCactionforcollectionofsumofmoney300k
a. Mayentryna
b. After5yearsnagfileexecutiontaposdenied.
c. Nagrevivekangjudgement.Sanmofifile?Hindisa
courtoforigin!RTCnasyadapat!Kasiincapableof
pecuniaryestimation.
22. ToriFrancacase
a. Caseofunlawfuldetainerinajusticeofpeacecourt.
b. Lumagpasangfiveyears.
c. Filingactionforrevival.Courtfilemosasamecourt
kasipowetorenderjudgementalsopowertoexecute.
Perooldnato!!!
d. Independentactionnato.Dapatsaibangcourthindisa
courtoforignin.SaRTCdapat.
e. Are there judgements that are immedeialtey executor
uponrendition?Youdonothavetowaitforthe15day
periodtolapsetoconsideritexecutor.Themonment
youarenotifiedyoucanimmedeiatleymoveforexec
withoutwaitingsa15dayperiod.Butyoustillhaveto
file a motion for execution. GRANTS ONLY THE
RIGHT TO FILE A MOTION FOR EXECUTION
WITHOUT WAITING THE LAPSE OF THE
TRADITIONAL NORMAL 15 DAY PERIOD. NOT
ABSOLUTETO.KasimayprovisiondahilUNLESS
OTHEREWISECOURTSPROVIDED.
i. Judgementininjunction
ii. Receivership
iii. Accounting
iv. Support
f. Judgement against a defendant shall be issued
immediatelyuponmotion(unlawfuldetainer)

g. Butthisisnotselfexecuting.Dapamaymotion!
h. Butajdugementagainsttheplaintiffisnotimmediately
executorbecauseitspecifiesdefendant
i. Kapagjudgementhindipalumalapgasperiodofappeal
ayhindipaexecutory!
j. Kaylanganmaygoodreasontosupportwhichmustbe
statedinthespecialorderofthecourt.
k. Nagfilengexecutionpendingappealdahilpangdelay
langyungsaappeal.Isthataground?NO!hindisya
goodreasonfordiscretionaryexecution.
l. Thewinningpartyisinthefinancialdistressnota
goodreasonfordiscretionaryexecution.
m. Themerewillingnesstoputabondisnotofitselfa
goodreason.Abondisonlyanadditionalgoodreason.
n. Panobaineexecuteandjudgement?Iftheresawritof
execution, judgement of sum of money.(incomplete
facts)Naglevyangsheriff.Correctba?No.hehasto
followsection9letteraandb.
o. Procedure
i. Demandpaymentmunafullamountinmoney
ii. If wala pera, certified check. banking laws
section60(contractualobligationlang)perodi
tocontractual.
iii. Levyuponproperty.Undersection9.Alindyan
angpwedeisurrender?Maykarapatansyamag
select. If di ang select, sheriff na ang pili.
Personalmuna.Pagkulangimmovablena.

JUDGEMENT
1. Demurrertoevidenceisamotiontodismiss.
22

2. MD Rule 16, filed before filing an aswer. Demurrer to


evidenceisfiledAFTERplaintiffhasresteditscase.Therewas
atrialalready
3. Grounds for MD Rule 16 are very many! There is only 1
groundinRule33demurrertoevidence.
4. DemurrertoevidencemeansMD!!
5. Ifcourtsaid,grantedthedismissoritcanbedenied.
6. Ifdenied,Iamthedefendant,whatsmynextmove?Iwould
askthatmycasewouldbesetforevidence.BecauseIwillnot
losemyrighttopresentofevidence
7. Ifgranted,itisdismissed!Isthedismissalafinalorder?YES!!
DUHHH.Canitbeappealable?YES.Rule33.Butinappeal,it
wasreversed.Whatwillhappen?Youcannotpresentevidence.
8. DoyouneedleaveofcourttofileDemurrer?NO.Nomention
9. Canyoufiledemurrerinacriminalcase?Where?Section23,
rule 119. Yes. Ground: insufficiency of evidence. Effect :
insufficiencydinsacivilcase.
10. Inacivilcase,canacourtmotupropriorenderademurrerto
evidence?Rule33:NOOOO.Fileaangdefendant.
11. Kaylanganbaangleaveofcourtsapagfiledemurrersacivil
case?NOOOOOO.
12. Criminalcase:Batmasmagandadittomagfiledemurrerwith
leaveofcourt?Kasiyoudonotwaivepresentationofevidence.
13. Demurrer in evidence in a criminal case was filed, then
granted. Dismiss anng case. NO APPEAL pag civil case,
PWEDEAPPEAL.Kasidoublejeopardysacriminalcase.
14. Dismissingacrimcaseongroundofdeprivationofaccusedto
speedy trial is equivalent to acquittal. Prosectuion cannot
appeal.
a. Allege that the court acted without jurisdiction wag
appeal!
15. Pagtaposngtrial,whatwillhappen?JUDGEMENT!!!
16. Wheredoyoufindjudgement?Rule36.
17. Requisites of valid judgement dont forget dapat may
jurisdictionofcourt!!

18. Is a judgement void if there is no jurisdicition over the


defendant? ONLY AS TO THAT DEFENDANT. Not void
kasipwedemayjurisdicitionovertheotherdefendant.
19. Itisnotonlyajudgementthatwhichmuststatclearly..dapat
yungmotionsdinstatereasons.
20. WhatcancourtdoinMD?Denygrantorderamendementin
allcases,itmuststatereasons!!
21. Judgementmuststatethelawinwhichitisbased.
22. ConceptofentryofjudgmentTHISISCRITICALINTHE
BAR.
a. Section2Whenisthedateofentryofjdugement
23. Ajudgementissupposedtobeenteredinthebookofentryof
judgement and the entry of s ajudgement can only be done
whenthejudgementhasbeenfinalandexecutor.Thismeans
periodofappealhaslapsed.
24. Suppose all parties received notice judgment ton April 11.
Theyhave15daystomakemove.Ifthislapses,magigingfinal
andexec.
25. Kaylangayungclerkofcourtilagaysadispositiveportionyung
entry.
26. Dateoffinalityofjudgementmustalsobethedateofentry.
Whetherphysicallyenteredornot.
27. SeverealjudgementhindiSEVERALjudgement:meaningif
madamiclaimspwedemagdecideisangclaimsakabila.Putol
putol.Damipartiespwedemagdecidesaparties.
28. Postjudgementremedies:remediesAFTERjudgement.
29. Askaquestion:isthejudgementfinalandexec?NOTYET
you have set of remedies. If final but note yet executor
remedies.
30. Notallfinaljudgementsarenotexecutor.Becauseyouhaveto
giveotheraprtiestogivetoherpartiestohavearemedy.
31. Ifnotyetexecutory:periodofappealhasnotyetlapsed.The
jdugementisfinalthatnothingelseistobedone.Butnotyet
executorkasidipasubjectforexecution.Here,youarestill
withinperiodtoappeal.Whatisperiodtoappeal?Rule40and
41:section2and3.periodtoappealasaruleis15daysfrom
23

notice of jdugement or final order. Sometimes the eriod to


appealis30dayswhenyouneedarecordonappeal.You
needarecordonappealsometimesbecausetheroginialrecords
willhavetobelefttothecourtoforgin,thishappensintwo
instances:Spciailproceedingsexcepthabeascorpus48hours
syakasi.Andcaseinmultipleappeals30daysito.Peroang
generalay15dayslang.dahilif15days,youdonothaveto
reconstruct the records. Simply file a notice of appeal. One
page okay na. but in a record of appeal, you have to
reconstruct.Particularjudgementlangangaappeal.
32. Beforeperiodtoappealhavelapsed.Youhaveseeralremedies.
:Motionforreconsideration;Motionfornewtrial;Appeal.
Rule37.Rule40,Rule41Rule42Rule43Rule45.BASIC
APPEALSFROMTRIALCOURTSITO.Wearenotyetin
appeals from appellate courts. Motion for recon is not for
interlocutory order.Not a motion during trial. MR ITO NG
JUDGEMENTORFINALORDER.Eaningmaydesisyonna
sakaso!
33. IfIfileaMDongroundofimpropervenuewhichfileddenied,
MotionforreconitongMRisnotthisMRsajudgement.
34. Meronpabangremedieskahitexecutorna?meron!!Bastamay
pera!Pagnomoney,noremedynaa.Haha.
35. CanyoufileMRifexecutoryna?NOMORE.HowaboutNew
trial?NOONaa:(
36. Butyouhavearemedy.EQUITABLEREMEDYNALANG
SYA not a LEGAL REMEDY. PETITION FOR RELIEF
FROM JUDGEMENT; ANNULMENT OF JUDGEMENT ;
CERTIORARI;
37. Motionforreconsiderationwhatareyoutryingtoreconsider?
Ajudgementorfinalorder.Canyoufileappealevenwithout
passingthruamotionreconandmotionfornew trial?Yes.
Distinctremedies.
38. WhatwouldjustifyyouravailmentofMR?Lookforgrounds.
Damagesareexcessive(pwedeito)saMRlangitoground
notinmotionfornewtrial.

NACUTDITO30minsJudgement

RELIEFS
1. canyoubeawardedformorethanwhatyouprayedfor?YES.
2. Whenyoufilecomplaint,itisnotonlythefilingofcomplaint
which able the court acquire jurisdiction, also payment docket
fees.Thisisappliedliberally!
3. Whencomplaintisfiled,courtacquiresjurisdictionoverplaintiff.
4. Defendantmayrealizethatthereisneedtoamendhiscomplaint,
amendment may be a matter of right and matter of judicial
discretion
5. Matterofrightunderrule10ifamendmentismadebeforea
responsivepleadingsiserved.
6. Matterofjudiciarydiscretionbecauseitmaybeprejudicialtothe
otherparty.Ifitradicallychangesthecase
7. Ifiledacomplaint,beforearesponsiveapleadingisfiled.The
courtcannotsaynotoamend.Receivingtheamendedcomplaint
inthatsituationismatterofright.ONLYONCE.Andbeforeis
answerissubmitted
8. Ifamendmenetisamatterofright,thecomplaintofthepleading
canbeamendedforwhateverreasonyoumighthave.
9. Ifiledanactionforasumofmoneyintheregionaltrialcourt
(Metromanilaabove400k)thatwouldexcludedamages,attyfees.
Now,IrememberwhenIreadmycomplaintbefreitwasserved
and filed in court I did not mention that the debt is du and
demandable.EFFECT:Failuretostatecauseofaction.Itisan
honorabletoamotiontodismiss.Becauseitisessential!Hefiled
motion to dismiss and served it upon me. Kaya lang, yung
sineserve sakin, inisip nilaa. Can I amend? YES. Kasi walang
serving of rsonsive of pleading. Pag na servce an pleadings,
PwedepaangamendkasiaMOTIONTODISMISSISNOTA
PLEADING.
10. Motiontodismisswasalreadyresolved.Dismiss.Nakaatanggap
akonotice.Pagkatanggapngnoticeofdismissal.Nagfileako
24

amendment.Duetofailuretostatecauseofaction.Ayawngcourt
kasimaydismissalna.CanIcompelittoreceiveit?YESYES
YES!Motiontodismissisnotafinalorderwehave15dayspa.
incidentallyupon15daysIfiledanamenededpleading..
11. IfiledacomplaintintheRTC.Alleging250kasmybasicclaim.
Defendantfiledmotiontodismisslackofjurisdiction.Nangna
receive ko, tama sya mali ako. I amended the complaint.
Dinagadagan ko ng 100k para magka jurisdiction ang court. If
dinismissbaangcasengcourttamaba?Pwedengpwede.
12. Oncearesponsivepleadinghasbeenserveditwillnowbesubject
tothejurisdictionaldiscretionary.Itwouldbewrongifpumayag
agadcourtwithoutleaveofcourt!
13. May52005,theplaintiffsfiledacomplaintintheregionaltrial
courtofqcforcollectionof50,000pesosthedefendantfileda
motiontodismissongroundthatcourthadnojurisdictionoverthe
actionsinceitiswithinexclusivejurisdictionofmetropolitantrial
court. Before the court could resolve the motion, the plaintiff
without leave of court amended the complaint to allege a new
causefoactionconsistingtheinclusionofadditionalamountof
200k. thereby increasing his total claim to 450k. dahil may
pendingMD,nagopposesyangayondahilmayjurisdictionna!
Sabijudge,Oonga!Meronnangangjurisdiction.Denynaang
MD.Tamabaangjudge?WHERENOONEOBJECTEDEVEN
THE PERINNIAL OBJECTOR THE MOTION TO DISMISS
SHOULD BE DENIED. THE PLAINTIFF IS ENTITLED AS
AMATTER OF RIGHT . MD IS NOT A RESPONSIVE
PLEADINGKAYAPWEDENGPWEDEPATALAGA.
14. CanIdismissmyowncomplaintafterfilingit?YES.Beforean
answerisserved.
15. Panomagdismisskapagwalaanswer.Filenoticeofdismissal.
CourtcannotsayYOUCANNOTDISMISS.Kasirightmoyun
beforeresponsivepleading.
16. Pagnadismissnapumuntangdefendant.After6montswalapa
dinbayad!TasbiglangIWILLNOTPAYYOU.Angginawang
plaintiffnagrefileulitBagocomplaint.Pwedeba??YES.Kasi
withoutprejudicepa.Nagfileulitnoticeofdismissalnanamansi

plaintiff!Pwedenanamankasiwalaparesponsivepleading.Di
nanamansyanabayarandespitepangako.Pumuntasacourtulitsi
plaintiff.SabingcourtDINAPWEDE!!!!!!!
a. TWODISMISSALRULE!
b. Yung course kung san finile dapat court of competent
jurisdictiondapat.
17. Ifmayresponsivepleadingnanaserveandyouwanttodismiss
yourowncomplaint,filekangmotiontodismiss.Subjectnasya
sacourtdiscretion.Mayormaynotgrant.Nowsupposewhenthe
other party of defendant, filed a responsive pleading with a
counterclaim,YoufiledaMDonyourowncomplaintthencourt
decided to dismiss it. Sabi mo, pag andismiss to yung
counterclaim dismissed na din. Tama ba? NOOOO. Section 2.
Rule17.Dismissalislimitedtothecomplaint.Thecounterclaim
can go on in same or different proceeding. Kung gusto ng
defendant.
18. Applicablekahitcompulsorycounterclaim?YESS.Therulesdo
notmakeadistinction
19. Ifcomplaintdismiss andmaycounterclaimaymaypleadedna
sya,onlythecomplaintisdismiss.
20. Meroncomplaintlabansayo,alammonapagnagfilekaMD95%
dismissyanveryconfident.PeromeronkadinCCnapampasabog
safaceniya.PagmayCCatalammongverypotengroundfor
dismissal, DO NOT FILE MD. You file an answer, use your
groundsapotentMDasadefensethenaskapreliminaryhearing
asifMDistimelyfiled.
21. Section3IMPORTANTPROVISIONMEMORIZE
22. Pagnadismissscomplaint,didismissnaCCnanandunna.
23. Section3isadismissalofacopmplaintbecauseofhisownfault.
Hedoesnotobeycourt,hedoesnotappearinevidenceinchief,
doesnotfollorROCgroundfordismissal THISCANALSO
BEAMOTUPROPRIOGROUNDFORDISMISSAL.
24. Ifthereis alreadyaCCcan there beadismissal ofCCdin??
NOOO.Sameruleapplies.
a. June302006dismiss complaintdahil safault. Maycc.
tuloyCC.
25

b. Complaintfiled,meronamendment,peromaydismissal.
c. Thistimeanotherpersoncomeinandoccupycenterstage,
whoishe?NOTDEFENDANTbutclerkofcourt.
d. NOTFINISHEDDTONGCASENATO.
25. Private domestic corporation summons president, managing
partner,treasurer,inhousecounselsaoldruleayagent.
26. Section 11 private domestic corporation. Enumeration is
exclusive.Thereforeaserviceofsummonsuponabranchmanager
is wrong. Dapat general manager. STRICT COMPLIANCE
RULE IN SERVICE OF SUMMONS. Yung old rule is
substantial.Reaffirmedbaangcasenato?YESsaMASONcase
October13,2003.Anythingnotincludedintheenumerationis
excluded.

ADDITIONALSummons,billofparticulars,causeofaction
1. Serviceofsummonsuponprivatedomesticentity
2. Takeasecondlookatthisprovision.Twocases:
a. Cannotbegiventoanyotherpersonbecauseofruleof
strictcompliance.Pleaserefertothepreviouslecture.
3. Foreigncorporation
a. Makereferenceoncorporationcode.
b. Ifaforeigncorporationwantstoregainbusinessinthe
PH.Mustapplyforalicense.Ifaforeigncorpisnot
engagedintheph,dikailanganlicense.Forprocedural
mattersito.
c. Section133cc,foreigncorporationengagedinbusiness
inthephngwalanglicensemaybesuedandcannotbe
sued.Dipwedemaginterveneorcivilcriminalcase.
d. Thecontractwiththemisnotvoid.
e. Ifyouappliedalicense,onerequirement:Oneresident
agent.Plainrequirementinthecoporationcode.Section
428designateresidentagent
f. Otherjurisprudence:232scra

i. Foreign corp entity resident agent at the time


summons is served not correct to serve upon
anyone else. Dapat sa resident agent. Any
serviceotherthanresagentisnotvalid.
ii. Propergovtofficersummonsforthatpurpose.
iii. Exclusive unless di na available ang resident
agent.
g. Avalidserviceofsummonsnomatterhowpurelyvalid
itiswillnotservedwhenatthetimeitwasfileditwas
prematurely,kasiNOCAUSEOFACTIONITO.
4. Foreigndomesticcorporation
a. Summonsserveduponeithercashierordirector,valid
summons?NONONO.
b. UPLAWCENTER:cannotbesrveduponanyoneelse.
5. Amendment of your complaint as matter o right WILLL NOT
CUREacomplaintthatactuallyhasnocauseofactionwhenitwas
filed.
a. HereareseveralPNthatwerenotyetdue.Peromay
complaintforsumofmoney.Atthetimecomplaintwas
filed,walangcauseofaction.
6. Curing effect will apply if only DEFICIENCY sa complaint
HINDIKAPAGWALATALAGACAUSEOFACTION.
7. Valid summons will not cure a complaint which has really no
causeofaction.
8. IfyouaretofileMDrule16.Wagbasedonlackofcauseofaction
but FAILURE TO STATE CAUSE OF ACTION. Absence of
causeofactionrequireslookingtotheevidence.Givesriseto
demurrertoevidencekasi.
9. There are instances that a defendant cannot file a responsive
pleading.
10. Billofparticularsisnotdirectedagainstcomplaintpwedesyasa3
otherpleadings,answer,cc,crossclaim,thirdparty,complaintin
intereventiion,answerintervention,reply.
11. Amotionforbillofparticulars,nottopreparefortrial.Youneed
somedetailnotbecauseyouwanttopreparetril.PARASYATO
RPEAPRERESPONSIVEPLEADING.
26

12. Sacrimcase:preparetoorallowtopleadsection9ofrule116.To
pleadandpreparefortrial.(kasipwedetomodeofdiscovery)
13. Motion of bill of particulars cannot be filed in cases filed by
summary proceedings. EXCPLICITLY PROHIBITS BILL OF
PARTICULARSKASIITPROLONGSPROCEEDINGS.
14. UunlawfuldetaineratsourcesofbillofparticularWAGWAG
WAG
15. Motionforbillofparticularsisnotanexparteproceeding.Alsoa
litigatedmotion.Thereisanoticeofhearingandmotion,thereis
somethinguniqueforBillofParticulars.
16. Motionofbillofparticularsislitigatedmotionwhichneedstobe
heard.
17. Youshouldnotsimplysayaskingforbillofparticular.Bespecific.
Stateinyourmotionthedetailsyouarecomplainingabout.You
aretometntiontheapragraphs.tellthecourtthesearethedetailsI
want.
18. Notaproformamotion
19. Period,whichisfiled,willnotbeinterruptedbecauseonlyatrue
motionwillinterruptit.
20. Ifyoufileit,andyoustillhave10dayslefttoanswer,youstill
haveremainingtofile.
21. Billofparticularssubmittedbytheotherpartyisseparatekayo!
22. There are times pleadings is clear enough enable you to file
responsivepleading,pwdepadinmagabbreviateproceedings.By
showingtohimthatbeforeatrial,thatplaintiffscaseisalready
deadMD:D
23. MDoccupiescenterstageincivilprocedureandbillofparticulars
o=hiniredbyspecialrulerule12
24. MDisnotalsoanexpartemotion.Thisisatruelitigatedmotion.
Unlikebillofparticularscourtmaynothaveahearinganddenied
outrightlyorimmediately.
25. Duringhearingapartiesaregoingtopresentevidencetosupportit.
26. CourthasnorighttosaythatIwilcontroltherulinginthatmotion.
27. CharacteristicofMD:whenyoufileMD,amovanthypothetically
admitsallegationofcomplaint.Halimbawa,nagfileakomotionto
dismiss,inandmitmonahypothetically

28. MDisanomnibusmotion!(DONOTFORGET)itisamotion
thatattacksapleading.
29. Whatistheimplication?WHEN YOUFILEAMOTION ALL
GROUNDS AVAILABLE AT THAT TIME, SHULD BE
INVOKED.PAGDIINVOKED,WAIVEDSYA.
30. Waiverwillonlyriseifmdisfiled.
31. Youcannotmdthereisnoreasontotalkaboutwaiver.
32. fileananswer:rule16asaffirmativedefense.
33. Oonlydefensesthatarewaived
34. This omnibus motion rule somewhat clarifies section 1 rule 9.
DefensesandobjectionnotusedinMDmaynotbeusedinan
affirmative.
35. Yungmgaresjudicatahindisilawaived.
36. Thesegroundsarenotformotupropriodismissal
37. DefendantfileMDcomplaintcourtdeniedmotion.Maydefendant
appeal?
38. Aninterlocutoryorderorderonlyduringcourseofproceedings.
Ifnotfinal,appealpa!
39. Anorderdenyingdismissalisinterlocutoryorder.
40. MRdapatnext.Certiorariagad.Rule41
41. Suppose,mdwasfiled.Itwasgranted.Complaintisdismissed.Isa
orderofdismissalappealable?Finalnato.Grantingmddoesnot
follownormalrules.Isthedismissalwithprejudiciceorwithout
prejudicie ( Grounds for dismissal which will bar refilling
complaint,ifthosegroundswillnotbarorderiswithoutprejudice
torefillingofcomplaint)likemgaresjudicata,prescription,bla
bla(prejudicialitongmgagroundsnato)
42. Ifwithprejudiceangdismissalappealable.(violationfostatuteof
fradudsexample)
43. WithoutprejudiceNOTAPPEALABLE.
44. Supposeiscomplaintdismissdahilimpropervnue,appealablesya.
45. Pag dismiss failure cause of action : Certiorari pwede, appeal
pwededin.
46. Section8rule40.Dismissalcomplaintlackofjurisdictionappeal
tortc.
27

47. Themdisdenied,itisanorderwhichinterlocutoryorderremedy
certiorarioranyotherproceduresrule69.Butitdoesntmeanthat
ifmdyougoimmediatelytocertiorari.
48. Mdfileansweriflose

49. Supposemayhearingsamotion,cancourtdecidetodismiss?Rule
16, claim is not affected dismissal will only be limited to the
complaintimpleaded.
50. Ifcomplaintisdismissed,thereisalreadycounterclaim.
(Notyetcomplete)

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