ASSIGNMENT 4

1. Discuss the function of Liquid distributors, Liquid redistributors, Packing support and Hold-down
plate used for packed tower type absorber.
2. With neat sketch explain the various types of packing arrangement used in packed column
3. Venturi scrubber is planned for absorbing SO2 gases from the exist gas stream of boiler flue gas
by using 1% lime Solution (by mass). The data for the scrubber is as follows.
Volumetric flow rate of exist gas stream = 24000 Nm3/h
Discharge pressure of gas from venturi = Atmospheric
Temperature of gas mixture, entering the venturi scrubber = 90 C
SO2 concentration in the boiler flue gas = 4000 ppm (or mg/kg)
Solvent to gas ratio = 1.4 L/m3
Throat velocity of gas phase = 100 m/s
Average molar mass of flue gas = 29.48 kg/kmol
Density of 1% lime Solution = 1012.5 kg/m3
Equilibrium mass of SO2 per 100 mass of H2O = 0.035
Determine: (i) throat diameter of venturi scrubber (ii) % removal SO2 gases (iii) consumption of
lime and (iv) pressure drop in venturi scrubber.
Use following correlation:

4. Design a scrubber for absorbing acetone vapor from air acetone vapor mixture by using water as
a pure solvent. The temperature in scrubber is 25C and scrubbing is isothermal. Operating
pressure of scrubber is near atmospheric. A mixture of air with acetone vapor containing 6% by
volume of acetone is passed through the scrubber. The mixture contains 1400 m3/hr of air. The
scrubber is required to absorb 98% of the acetone. At 25 C vapor pressure of acetone = 228.416
torr
5. Calculate Minimum amount of solvent required for above specified separation.
6. Explain the various flow pattern of liquid in column with neat sketch.
7. Discuss in brief Random and Regular packing.
8. Venturi scrubber is used for absorbing NOx gases from the exit gas stream of nitric acid plant by
using 10% NaOH solution (by mass). The data for the scrubber is as follows.
Volumetric flow rate of exist gas stream = 40,540 Nm3/h
Discharge pressure of gas from venturi = Atmospheric
Temperature of gas mixture, entering the venturi scrubber = 50 0C
NOx concentration in the exist gas stream = 2000 ppm (or mg/kg)
Solvent = 10% NaOH Solution

Solvent to gas ratio = 1.5 L/m3

Throat velocity of gas phase = 100 m/s
Average molar mass of flue gas = 28.43 kg/kmol
Density of 10% NaOH Solution = 1075 kg/m3
Equilibrium mass of NOx per 100 mass ofH2O = 0.025
Determine: (i) throat diameter of venturi scrubber (ii) % removal NOx gases (iii) consumption of
NaOH and (iv) pressure drop in venturi scrubber.
9. A feed stream having flow rate of 200 kg/h and containing 20 mass % acetic acid in water is to be
extracted at 25 0C with 400 kg/h of recycled MIBK (Methyl IsoButyl Ketone) that contains 0.1 %
acetic acid and 0.01 % water. The aqueous raffinate is extracted down to 1 % acetic acid.
Calculate (i) NtoR considering MIBK and water as partially miscible liquids and (ii) NtoR
considering MIBK and water as completely immiscible liquids and equilibrium curve as straight
line (in terms of mass ratio concentration).
Data for equilibrium curve:

10. Explain process design of Falling film absorber for exothermic absorption of gases like HCl and
NH3 in water. Indicate the advantage of Falling film absorber over Packed tower type absorber.
11. Write a brief note on packings used for packed bed absorption.
12. Explain the functions of liquid redistributor and hold down plate in absorber.
13. For separation of dimetnylformamide (DMF) from its dilute solution in water, counter current
liquid-liquid extraction is used. Methylene chloride is solvent. DMF-water solution flow rate is
1000 kg/h and contains 20% DMF by mass. DMF is reduced to 1% in the final raffinate.
Determine the minimum amount of solvent used.Phase equilibria equation is given by y =
0.5555x at 25 C where y and x are mass fractions of solute.
14. Discuss the criteria for selection of various absorption equipments.
15. Predict the fractional solute removal and pressure drop in a venturi scrubber based on the
following data.
Volumetric flow rate of boiler flue gas = 24000 Nm3/h
Discharge pressure of the gas from venturi = atmospheric
Temperature of the gas = 80 90 C
SO2 concentration in boiler flue gas = 4000 ppm
Solvent = 1% lime solution
Solvent to gas ratio = 1.4 L/m3
Throat velocity of gas phase = 100 m/s
Average molar mass of flue gas = 29.48 kg/kmole
Density of 1% lime solution = 1012.5 kg/m3
Density of gas = G = 0.99 kg/m3
Assume NG = 1

Equilibrium mass of SO2 per 100 mass of H2O = 0.035

Equilibrium constant for physical absorption at 50 C and 1 atm m =40.63

16.Explain flooding and channeling in packed tower to be used for counter

current contact between gas and liquid.
17. Design a scrubber for absorbing acetone vapor from air acetone vapor mixture by using water as
0
a pure solvent. The temperature in scrubber is 25 C and scrubbing is isothermal. Operating
pressure of scrubber is near atmospheric. A mixture of air with acetone vapor containing 5% by
volume of acetone is passed through the scrubber. The mixture contains 1500 m3/hr of air. The
0
scrubber is required to absorb 96% of the acetone. At 25 C vapor pressure of acetone = 228.416
torr .Actual amount of solvent is 1.5 times the minimum as per minimum wetting rate (MWR)
-1
Assume K = 0.17, K = 170 m and actual velocity = 66 % of flooding velocity take pressure
F
p
drop /m of packing height = 66 mm H O / m of packing for 25 mm polypropylene pall rings a =
2
t
2 3
205 m /m calculate tower diameter at top and bottom and N
TOG
18. Design a cap type packing support for packed tower type absorber based on following data.
Type of packing = 25 mm polypropylene pall ring
% free area for this packing = 90 %
Liquid flow rate = 3500 kg/hr
Density of liquid = 1000 kg/m3
Tower diameter = 540 mm
19. Discuss the different types of packing support used with packed tower.
20. Discuss the criteria of selection among the different types of the equipment used as absorbers or
scrubbers.
21. Discuss about the different flow pattern of liquid in column with neat sketch.
22. Explain design procedure for Absorption tower for finding the height (Cornells method) and
diameter of column.
23. Discuss about the various types of liquid distributor used with packed tower.
24. Discuss about the criteria of selection of any two of the following equipments as absorber.
a. Venturi scrubber
b. Spray tower
c. Falling film absorber
25. Benzene is to be recovered from coal gas by scrubbing it with wash oil as an absorbent. Absorber
handles 900 m3/hr of coal gas containing 2% by volume benzene. Coal gas enters at temperature
of 3000k and 107.324 kPa pressure. 95% of benzene should be recovered by the solvent. The
solvent enters at 3000k containing 0.005 mole fraction of benzene and has an average molecular
weight of 260. Calculate the circulation rate of oil (solvent) per hour if the column is to be
operated at 1.5 times the minimum oil circulation rate. The Equilibrium relationship between
liquid and vapor is given as Y/(1+Y) = 0.125 X/(1+X)
26. Discuss the criteria of selection for different absorption equipment.

ASSIGNMENT 5
1. State the merits and demerits of mixer-settler. Discuss the design steps for the process design of
horizontal and vertical gravity settler.
2. For the separation of dimethylformamide (DMF) from its dilute solution having a flow rate of
1000 kg/h and containing 20 % DMF by mass is to be counter currently extracted with methylene
chloride to reduce the DMF concentration to 1 % in the final raffinate. Determine (i) the
minimum amount of solvent which can be used and (ii) the number of theoretical stages if actual
amount of solvent is double than the minimum required. Phase equilibrium equation is given by
=0.5555 at 25 oC where, Yand X are mass fractions of solute.
3. Discuss the desirable solvent properties required in liquid-liquid extraction.
4. Discuss the industrial applications of Liquid Liquid Extraction.
5. Discuss the process design of settlers.
6. Explain the important industrial applications of liquid-liquid extraction.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.

Discuss criteria for choice of solvent for liquid-liquid extraction.

Discuss process design of settlers or decanters.
Discuss the design of counter current multistage extractor
Discuss various applications of liquid-liquid extraction in process industry.
Discuss the Process design of Horizontal and Vertical Settlers in details.

12. Design a vertical decanter for extractor based on the following data.
Flow rate of continuous phase = 441.03 kg/hr
Density of continuous phase = 826.36 kg/m3
Flow rate of dispersed phase = 200 kg/hr
Density of dispersed phase = 1009.4 kg/m3
Viscosity of continuous phase = 0.5294 cP.
Residence time of droplets of dispersed phase in dispersion band > 20 seconds.
Diameter of droplet (dd) = 150 m
13. Discuss the criteria of selection for Solvent in liquid-liquid Extraction.
14. Discuss the desirable solvent properties required for choice of solvent in liquid-liquid extraction.
15. Give the stepwise process design procedure for countercurrent multistage extractor.