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Chapter 1 Listening Practice

Part 1 Picture Description


Theme Notes (page 16)
A. House and Home
B. Workplace
C. Restaurant and Stores
D. Other Public Places

Tips
Know the directions for Part 1.
Look at the first few pictures while the
directions are playing.
Ask yourself, Who? Where? What?
Focus on the main action in the photo.
Eliminate the answer choices that are
obviously incorrect.
Evaluate the answer choices and mark the
answer if you know it. If you fail to select your
answer, make a guess and move on to the
next picture.

Mini-test
A. House and Home (page 18)
1. (A) The TV is located on the wall.
2. (C) The people are sitting on the patio.
3. (C) There is a bed with sheets and pillowcases.
4. (D) A car is parked in front of the garage.
5. (A) The buildings overlook the pool.
6. (A) The woman is cooking in her kitchen.
7. (B) There is a shower and a sink in the bathroom.
8. (D) The chair is currently unoccupied.
9. (A) Laundry is being put into the washing machine.
10. (B) People are attending a yard sale.
11. (B) The boy is running down some steps.
12. (D) The boy is standing in front of the sink.
13. (C) The boy is holding the TV remote control.
14. (C) The family is sitting down for a meal.
15. (B) The sheet is being put on the bed.
B. Workplace (page 23)
1. (B) The man is wearing a protective helmet.
2. (A) A man and woman are reading building plans.
3. (B) The people are typing on keyboards.
4. (B) The man is using a pen to record information.
5. (C) The people are working on a project.

6. (D) Two women are eating lunch at their desk.


7. (A) The people are greeting each other.
8. (B) The man is writing something down.
9. (D) The woman is working at her desk.
10. (C) The doctor is checking a patients x-ray.
11. (B) There is a firefighter on top of the fire truck.
12. (B) The man is operating some electronic
machinery.
13. (C) The people are at a seminar.
14. (A) The man is standing on the porch.
15. (C) The sales clerk is ringing up the customers
purchase.
C. Restaurants and Stores (page 28)
1. (B) A car is at a drive-through window.
2. (C) The woman is helping herself to some food.
3. (B) The woman is examining some fruit.
4. (C) The couple is eating a meal together in a
restaurant.
5. (D) The people are having drinks at a bar.
6. (B) The women are looking at each other.
7. (C) The woman is holding a plant.
8. (C) The wine is being poured for the people.
9. (A) The woman is selecting something from the
case.
10. (C) Some brushes are on display.
11. (B) The woman is resting her chin in her hand.
12. (B) The tables have been cleaned.
13. (C) Loaves of bread are lined up on the back
shelves.
14. (C) The boy is holding a boxed game.
15. (D) The girl is looking at a shelf full of candy jars.
D. Other Public Places (page 33)
1. (B) The people are wearing swimming goggles.
2. (C) The race is taking place on a road.
3. (A) People are attending an exhibit.
4. (B) The people are playing on the swings.
5. (D) The escalator is going upwards.
6. (A) The people are sitting in a park.
7. (C) The boat is docked next to the pier.
8. (B) Few people are riding in the subway car.
9. (C) The family is skating together on a park path.
10. (C) The people are drinking from bottles.
11. (B) The woman is handing the man a key.
12. (C) There are many empty seats in the hall.
13. (C) The man is studying alone in the library.
14. (A) The taxi has passed by the woman.
15. (B) A small picnic has been prepared.

Part 2 Questions and Responses


(additional examples)

Theme Notes (page 38)


A. Interrogative
1.Who
Who is the person in charge of inventory?
__ You should check the inventory.
__ The person you need is Mark Kendall.
2. What
Whats the agenda for the meeting tomorrow?
__ Well discuss consumer-related issues.
__ Yes, there will be a meeting tomorrow.
3. Which
Which flight schedule is better?
__ If I were you, Id take a red-eye flight.
__ I dont think that is better.
4. When
When will the order be placed?
__ The place is around the corner.
__ Well call the supplier this afternoon.
5. Where
Where can I find the cereals?
__ Its on aisle 16 next to the dairy products.
__ This cereal is really good.
6. Why
Why did Joe leave the company?
__ He lives nearby.
__ He got a better job offer in New York.
7. How
How do I cancel my reservation?
__ You should call your travel agent.
__ No, I did not cancel.
B. Yes/No
1. Be
Is the vending machine working properly?
__ We already had it fixed.
__ There are two vending machines here.

2. Will
Will Mr. Yamamoto attend the meeting?
__ I dont think so.
__ Mr. Yamamoto is the CEO.
3. Do
Do you have the latest file on the annual sales report?
__ I think Shiela has it.
__ Yes, I think that will work.
4. Have
Have you printed the documents yet?
__ I left them on your desk this morning.
__ Yes, we have a new printer.
C. Tag
This is the way to the park, isnt it?
__ Park your car over there.
__ Its straight ahead.
Hes the new department head, isnt he?
__ Yes, he just started yesterday.
__ The department has a new protocol.
D. Indirect
Could you possibly tell me how to contact Mr.
Simpson?
__ Sure, let me get his direct line for you.
__ He is the contact person.
Does anyone know where I can find the managers
office?
__ Its the room on the left, down the hall.
__ Mrs. Robinson is the new manager.

Tips
Know the directions for Part 2.
Know the question types, so you know what
type of answer is required.
Pay attention to: similar sounding words, tag
questions, and indirect answers (i.e.
sometimes a yes/no answer does not have
yes or no).
Note: Sometimes you will not hear a question
but a statement.
Focus on the purpose of the question.
Eliminate choices that obviously dont fit the
situation.

Mini-test
A. Interrogative (page 40)
1. (A) In the meeting room, I think.
2. (C) In half an hour.
3. (A) Shes late for work.
4. (A) Its not certain yet.
5. (B) Thats an excellent idea.
6. (A) A business suit would be appropriate.
7. (C) Theyve got a sales meeting.
8. (B) Ill check the guest list.
9. (C) Ill keep trying until I find one.
10. (A) To a budget meeting.
11. (A) They used to work together.
12. (B) Sorry, I have other plans.
13. (B) The marketing manager.
14. (C) The battery needs to be charged.
15. (B) Let me find out the price.
B. Yes/No (page 40)
1. (C) At 9:00 a.m. sharp.
2. (A) I doubt I can find the time.
3. (B) Yes, Im sorry it arrived so late.
4. (C) Actually, Id prefer the aisle.
5. (B) Theyre in the conference room.
6. (A) Thank you for reminding me.
7. (C) Thats what it says in the program.
8. (B) No, were buying new ones.
9. (A) I believe theyre on the website.
10. (B) Yes, quite a lot recently.
11. (B) I need another 30 minutes to finish it.
12. (A) Yes, its going to be a formal event.
13. (A) Im afraid Im in a hurry.
14. (C) No, I havent prepared it.
15. (C) We are, but just barely.
C. Tag (page 41)
1. (B) I dont like it, to be honest.
2. (C) I thought it was very useful.
3. (B) Im doing that now.
4. (A) Guide dogs are permitted by law.
5. (C) Who told you that?
6. (B) Yes, everythings included.
7. (A) As far as I know.
8. (C) Of course, they were there.
9. (B) Yes, today is the deadline.
10. (B) I guess it cant be helped.
11. (C) Check yesterdays newspaper.
12. (A) Your invitation is on the desk.
13. (B) It would be my pleasure.
14. (C) No, it starts in a few minutes.
15. (C) Only if we have the time for it.

D. Indirect (page 41)


1. (A) I have no idea why she would.
2. (B) Thats a great idea.
3. (B) Check over there in the conference room.
4. (A) I agree with you.
5. (C) I saw her a moment ago.
6. (B) Why dont you ask his assistant?
7. (A) That would be a good idea.
8. (C) Let me find that out for you.
9. (C) Ill ask John if he knows.
10. (B) That shouldnt be a problem.
11. (C) Sorry, I cant help you.
12. (A) I dont see why not.
13. (A) Itll have to be before noon.
14. (C) That could be a good career move for you.
15. (B) Thats the plan.

Part 3 Short Conversations


Theme Notes (page 42)
A. Office Talk
B. Personnel Changes
C. Daily Life
D. Travel Information

Tips
Look at the question before the dialog begins.
If you have time, look at the answers as well.
While listening to the dialog, try to imagine
where the speakers are.
Dont answer too quickly. Read all the
answers before making your choice.
Watch out for answers that are true but are
not related to the question.
Watch out for distracting numbers which
include dates, times, and numbers of things or
people.

Mini-test
A. Office Talk (page 44)
1. (B) At an office
2. (A) His report could be late.
3. (D) He uses the Internet often for work.
4. (B) She cannot get into the storage room.

5. (C) The administration department


6. (C) Right away
7. (B) This week
8. (A) Her schedule is too busy.
9. (D) It is unfortunate but not terrible.
10. (B) In an office reception area
11. (C) She is going to have an interview with him.
12. (D) Sign the visitors book
13. (B) Correcting a billing error
14. (D) He will make a phone call.
15. (A) Issue a revised statement
16. (C) An office cleaning company
17. (B) He has a problem with the trash pick-up.
18. (C) Compare cleaning rates

B. Personnel Changes (page 47)


1. (B) Their process to hire a new employee
2. (A) Exactly 50
3. (A) An engineering firm
4. (C) Company promotions
5. (D) He has been fired from his job.
6. (C) In a few days
7. (D) A sales representative
8. (D) At 3:00 p.m. on Tuesday
9. (A) Set up a projector
10. (A) Publishing
11. (D) She will work at a rival company.
12. (D) She will not give away secrets.
13. (C) Familiarity with database programs
14. (B) He must demonstrate his ability.
15. (A) He is happy to comply.
16. (B) A job opportunity
17. (D) The application process is stressful.
18. (C) It provides full health insurance.
C. Daily Life (page 50)
1. (B) The receptionist
2. (D) At 11:00 a.m. the next morning
3. (C) Treating his patients
4. (B) A store sales clerk
5. (B) Discuss prices and an order
6. (C) Look at more cabinet samples
7. (B) Her friend
8. (D) The cost of attending the film
9. (D) The movie is a fundraising event.
10. (B) Before work
11. (C) To have her computer repaired
12. (A) Go on the weekend
13. (C) An electric bill
14. (B) Whether the mans meter was wrong
15. (A) Ask the company to check his meter
16. (D) A concert

17. (A) He often has to work overtime.


18. (B) Go to the next concert
D. Travel Information (page 53)
1. (A) A hotel clerk
2. (B) For a last-minute cancellation
3. (C) $120
4. (C) Booking a business class seat
5. (A) The business class section is full.
6. (B) He is not in a great hurry to get back.
7. (B) $20
8. (C) A colleague
9. (A) It is for business.
10. (D) San Francisco
11. (C) Just for a few days
12. (B) To visit one of her relatives
13. (C) A prize the man won
14. (C) He did a lot of overtime last month.
15. (A) Call the travel agency for dates
16. (D) A travel agent
17. (B) His anniversary
18. (B) Look at the tours online

Part 4 Short Talks


Theme Notes (page 56)
A. Office Announcements
B. Voice Messages
C. Events
D. News and Information

Mini-test
A. Office Announcements (page 58)
1. (A) Assembly line workers
2. (B) To announce enhanced safety regulations
3. (B) Employees work on weekends.
4. (B) Any employee who completed the
introductory class
5. (D) A local college
6. (B) Completion of an office systems certificate
7. (C) 4th floor
8. (C) To discuss additional topics
9. (B) The company picnic
10. (A) Details of an upcoming construction project
11. (D) A personnel manager
12. (A) Weather conditions
13. (D) In a staff meeting
14. (C) Window blinds

15. (C) One weekend


16. (A) An issue with the venue
17. (B) Next Friday
18. (B) In the office building
B. Voice Messages (page 61)
1. (D) Patients
2. (A) Around the clock
3. (A) They are patients of Dr. Fitzroy.
4. (B) They may speak French.
5. (B) Pick up their purchases 15 minutes before the
movie
6. (C) They can never be returned for any refunds.
7. (D) 8 a.m. on Monday
8. (C) They are not presently at work.
9. (A) To the Internet
10. (D) To explain a change in plans
11. (C) Company sales
12. (B) At her hotel
13. (D) To confirm a prior booking
14. (C) A resort receptionist
15. (A) The number of attendees
16. (C) The post office
17. (B) One
18. (B) The sender
C. Events (page 64)
1. (A) A product launch
2. (C) A computer security workshop
3. (B) A computer analyst
4. (D) The company president
5. (B) Company sales increased by 200%.
6. (B) 20 years
7. (B) Museum visitors
8. (C) Residents and companies
9. (D) For giving valuable artifacts
10. (B) Author
11. (A) How to write creatively
12. (B) By showing confidence
13. (D) To announce the opening of a new city facility
14. (C) The facilitys director
15. (D) Visitors will take a tour of the center.
16. (B) Employees
17. (D) At a local park
18. (C) A special tour package
D. News and Information (page 67)
1. (C) A radio announcer
2. (D) Due to a community event
3. (A) A weather forecast
4. (C) At a pharmacy
5. (B) Household appliances
6. (D) By asking at the customer service desk
7. (B) There is no chance.

8. (B) 24 degrees
9. (A) Spend time outside
10. (B) A construction project
11. (C) A city employee
12. (A) A traffic report
13. (B) At the boarding gate
14. (C) An equipment problem
15. (A) Wait for further instructions
16. (B) On the radio
17. (D) Falling leaves
18. (A) The weather

1 Grammar Practice Parts of Speech


Suggested activity:
Instruction: Fill in the boxes with the correct word form.
The grey box means that the word does not have this
form. There may be 2 or more possible answers for
each box.

Noun
application
applicant
applicability

Verb

apply

honesty
ease
transportation
transporter

Adjective

Adverb

applicable
honest

ease

easy; easeful

transport

transportable

honestly
easily;
easefully

After completing the box above, fill in the blanks below


with the correct word to complete the sentences.
1. I thought I was going to have a hard time but I
managed to process the request easily.
2. You should ____ sunscreen on your skin before
going out to avoid sunburn. [apply]
3. There are different modes of ____ in the city.
[transportation]
4. The man is a highly trained dancer, so he does the
difficult movements with ____. [ease]
5. Jack is one of the ____ people I know because he
has never lied to me. [honest]

1 Parts of Speech
Part 5 Incomplete Sentences (page 74)
1. (B) services (A) and (C) are forms of the verb to
serve while (D) is a form of the verb to service. The
correct answer is the plural noun services, meaning
systems usually provided by the government.
2. (A) implemented The correct answer is the

past participle of the verb implement, meaning to


make an idea or plan start to work. It functions as an
adjective describing the parking charges.
3. (C) but The four choices are conjunctions, which
link clauses in a sentence. But is the correct answer
because the two clauses are contrasting.
4. (A) mutual The correct choice is the adjective
mutual, meaning belonging to or true of two
or more people. Although choice (C) is an adjective, it
is not the correct choice. The clue in this sentence is
that factory workers usually work together.
5. (B) interrupted In this case, the past participle is
needed to complete the passive form was interrupted.
The agent of this action is a ringing telephone.

3. (B) information An uncountable noun is needed


after a lot of. In the context, the correct choice is
information because we can cover information, but we
cannot cover discussion.
4. (A) order A noun is needed after the possessive
pronoun your.
5. (C) scheduled The participle form of the verb
schedule is used here as an adjective.
6. (D) within While all the choices are prepositions,
within is the only choice which fits with the time
expression 24 hours.

2 Grammar Practice Tenses


Verb Tense Form Markers & Function:

6. (C) them The correct choice is the objective


pronoun, used here instead of an unspecified noun.
7. (B) exorbitant The correct choice is the adjective
exorbitant, meaning more than is reasonable, which
here describes the amount of money which has been
spent.
8. (D) cordial The correct choice is the adjective
cordial, meaning friendly, describing the word
greeting. It is the only word form that will fit in this
context.
9. (C) worthy The only choice that fits within the
context of the sentence is worthy, meaning deserving
something the application deserves attention.
10. (B) unlikely The correct choice is the adjective
unlikely, meaning not likely to happen. It is describing
the probability of the arrival of the delivery.
11. (A) latest The correct answer is the adjective
latest, meaning most recent, which modifies report.
The comparative form later, meaning at a time in the
future, the adverb lately, meaning these days, and
the plain form of the adjective late, meaning after the
expected time are not appropriate in this context.
12. (D) competent In the context of this sentence,
competent, meaning capable of doing something in an
able manner is the best answer.
13. (C) error While all of the answer choices can be
used as nouns, here error, meaning mistake is the
correct choice. It is used in the multi-word expression
to point out a/the error.
14. (D) separate The correct choice is the adjective
separate. It describes the type of container: a
container designated for ink cartridges only.
15. (B) struggle The correct answer is the simple
present 1st person plural form of the verb struggle,
meaning to try with difficulty to do something.
Part 6 Text Completion (page 76)
1. (D) aware The correct choice is the adjective
aware, meaning having knowledge of. The context
talks of a change to a schedule, so it can be assumed
that the readers knew of the original schedule.
2. (A) therefore This is an adverb showing a logical
consequence between the two clauses of the
sentence.

Verb
Tense

Simple
Present

Simple
Past

Present
Progressi
ve
Past
Progressi
ve

Form

+ s/es
(singular;
regular)

+ d/ed
(regular)

am/is/ar
e + -ing

was/wer
e + -ing

Function
Expresses
repeated or
usual action,
e.g. habit, daily
event, etc.
Expresses
completed
action at a
specific time in
the past; or a
series of past
actions
Denotes that
something is
happening at
the moment of
speaking
Denotes that
something was
in progress at
some point in
the past

have + d/-ed
(time
markers
include
since or
for)

Present
Perfect/

Denotes how
long an event,
state, or action
has endured up
to the present

Example
She
completes
orders on
Monday.

She worked
part time
when she
was
younger.
I am
completing
orders
today.
I was
watching TV
at 9 p.m.
last night.
We have
had
problems
with the
production
line since
Tuesday.
We have
had
problems
with the
production
line for a
few days.

Past
Perfect

Simple
Future

Future
Progressi
ve

Future
Perfect

had + d/-ed
(time
markers
include
since or
for)
will +
verb
(base
form)
will + be
+ -ing +
in x days
time
(weeks/
months/
years)

Denotes how
long an event,
state, or action
had endured
until another
past action
occurred
Denotes action
that is
expected to
happen in the
future

a. will
have + d/-ed +
by + date

Denotes an
ongoing action
that is
expected to
happen in the
future
a. Denotes
action that is
expected to
have
completed by a
certain date

b. will
have + d/-ed +
time
clause

b. Denotes
action that will
have occurred
by the time a
specific action
in the future
occurs.

Evans
Enterprises
had been
based in the
same
building
since 1890
until it filed
for
bankruptcy.
I will call
you
tomorrow
morning.
I will be
working as
an
accountant
in two
years time.

a. They will
have
achieved
their goal by
July 1st.
b. Jason will
have
started his
job before I
go on
vacation.

Activity:
Fill out the chart with the proper form of the verb
work. The first one is done for you:

She
She
She

She
She

She

(simple past)
worked
( simple present)
_______
(present
progressive)
_________
(past progressive)
_______
(present perfect)
_______
(past perfect)
_______

part-time when she


was younger.
part-time.
until 6 p.m. tonight.

at her desk when the


lights went out.
as an assistant to the
manager for two
years.
as a clerk since 2011
before she became
the manager.

She
She

(simple future)
_______
(future perfect)
_______

as a clerk starting next


week.
here for two years by
next October.

Part 5 Incomplete Sentences (page 80)


1. (B) will intensify The correct choice is the simple
future form will intensify, meaning to make stronger or
more intense. The sentence expresses a situation
happening in the very near future.
2. (A) attractions Among the nouns given in the
choices, only attractions, meaning things which make
a person want to do, have, or see them is appropriate.
It forms a compound noun with tourist: tourist
attractions.
3. (C) three years The preposition for, used to
express how long something lasts is followed by a
period of time.
4. (D) hold The 1st person plural form of the simple
present tense is needed after we, when talking about a
habitual activity.
st
5. (A) will have Here we have the structure If + 1
conditional + will to express possibility in the future. If
the condition of Mr. Evans getting a promotion
becomes a reality (possible), the speaker will resign
from his job.
6. (D) candidates The correct answer needs to be a
noun. The hints to look for in choosing the answer are
personnel, interviewing, and shortlisted which are all
words related to job interviews. Therefore candidates
is the correct choice.
7. (A) blueprints The correct answer needs to be a
noun. The hints to look for in choosing the answer are
draft, project, and museum. These can be related to
design and architecture, therefore blueprints is the
correct choice.
8. (A) have been decided Here the future perfect
form + date/time expression is used to express what
you will have completed up to that point in time.
9. (C) finishes The present tense is used after as
soon as to refer to the future in a subordinate clause.
10. (B) convened The correct choice is the simple
past for a completed action in the past.
11. (D) handbook In this context, it is most likely
that the item being approved by the human resources
chief will be some kind of reading material or company
literature. This makes handbook, meaning a book
containing instructions or advice, the correct choice.
12. (A) have had The correct choice is the present
perfect have had. The situation (problems) has
occurred at an unspecified time in the past but is
connected with the present (the problems are the
reason for the decision).
13. (C) as soon as Here we need an expression,
meaning immediately or soon after.
14. (B) regret We need a verb which expresses a
feeling of being sorry. We regret to inform you is a
fixed expression with this meaning.

15. (C) are producing The sentence describes a


situation which is happening now, therefore we need to
use the present progressive form are producing. The
verb refers to manufacturers, making a plural verb
necessary.

4. She (should been told/should have been told) about


the problem. [should have been told]
5. The bank (is broken into*/was broken into) last
night. [was broken into]

Part 6 Text Completion (page 82)


1. (B) will be introducing The correct choice is the
future progressive (with date or X weeks/days time
etc.), used to communicate what will be in progress at
a certain time in the future.
2. (A) Effective Here we need the adjective
effective, meaning that something has already officially
begun.
3. (C) will be lifted The future form will + infinitive is
used here to give information about the future.
4. (B) are not following Here the present
progressive is used to describe a situation in progress
now.
5. (D) environment This completes the compound
noun office environment, meaning the conditions in an
office.
6. (C) recognizes In this sentence, we need to use
the verb recognize in the 3rd person singular form of
the simple present.

*break into to enter a place forcibly

3 Grammar Practice Voice


Voice refers to the relationship between the verb and
the participants in the sentence. Two types:
ACTIVE
PASSIVE
Observe the following sentences:
Active
Passive
Someone stole the key. The key was stolen by someone.
Someone in the above example for passive voice is
called the agent.
There is not always an agent in passive sentences:
The key was stolen by someone. (Someone as the
agent)
The key was stolen. (no agent)
Most of the time, the active voice is used. The passive
voice is used when its more important to draw
attention to the object or the person or thing acted
upon. It is also used when the actor in the situation is
not important.
Activity:
Choose the correct passive form:
1. My report (was submitted/must be submitted) by
tomorrow. [must be submitted]
2. I was given the books./The books were me given. [I
was given the books.]
3. The first mobile phone (was invented/had invented)
in 1973. [was invented]

Part 5 Incomplete Sentences (page 86)


1. (B) can make The correct choice completes the
phrasal verb to make out, meaning to manage to see
or understand. In this if-clause of a first conditional
sentence, the verb needs to be used in the 3rd person
singular form of the simple present.
2. (C) arrived The correct choice is the simple past
tense of the verb arrive to express an action completed
in the past.
3. (A) is said The correct choice is the passive form
of the verb say. Here the sentence is using the
impersonal passive construction: It is+ past participle.
4. (D) threatening Used as an adjective, the present
participle describes the thing that causes a feeling. In
this case, a threatening letter means a letter that
threatens. It is not possible to use the past participle
here because it would describe the feeling felt by the
account holder, NOT the feeling caused by the letter.
Enforcing, meaning making a situation happen tends
not to be used as an adjective and does not fit in this
context.
5. (B) cost The correct choice is the past simple
form of the verb cost. This verb cannot be used in the
passive.
6. (C) postponed The correct choice is the past
participle postponed, meaning delayed. It is used
here as an adjective.
7. (D) are said to be Verbs of perception are often
followed by a to-infinitive in the passive.
8. (A) are being repaired The sentence tells us the
repairs will start next month and that they will be
carried out by a local construction company.
For these reasons, the present progressive passive is
needed: be-verb + being + p.p. The present
progressive (passive and active) is often used to talk
about planned activities in the near future.
9. (B) have been planned In this sentence, the
present perfect passive is needed: have been + p.p.
Therefore, the correct choice is have been planned
because television advertisements takes the 3rd
person plural form have.
10. (D) given to In this sentence, the simple past
passive is needed: was + p.p. This reduces the
possible answers to (C) and (D). However, (C) is not
the correct answer because by would refer to the
agent. In this case, assembly line workers are NOT the
agent of the action.
11. (B) unscheduled The correct answer is the
adjective unscheduled, meaning unplanned.

12. (B) has been noted This sentence requires the


use of the impersonal passive. Verbs of perception are
used in the passive with the impersonal pronoun it.
13. (D) will be drawn This sentence expresses the
possibility of a passive action happening by a certain
point in time (year-end). It is formed with the modal
verb will + auxiliary be + p.p. to make the passive.
14. (C) proposed The correct choice is proposed,
meaning intended.
15. (A) happens The correct choice is the 3rd
person singular form of happen. It describes a current
state.
Part 6 Text Completion (page 88)
1. (B) brought The correct choice is brought,
completing the expression brought to ones attention.
2. (D) is respected Here the 3rd person singular of
the auxiliary verb be is needed to form the simple
present passive.
3. (B) by The preposition by is needed to indicate
the agent of be written.
4. (C) is known The correct answer is is known.
This completes the impersonal passive form It is
known. This form of the passive is used with verbs of
perception when it is not specified who knows the
information.
5. (A) overseas In the contest, overseas describes
jobs which are currently performed in other countries
but will come back to the local job market.
6. (C) domestic The correct choice is the adjective
domestic, meaning relating to the country being talked
about. The other adjectives given do not fit into the
context of a company bringing jobs back to the local
economy.

4 Grammar Practice Agreement


A. The number of a subject is not affected by the
phrase/clause that separates the subject from its verb.
Example:
This information, along with the sales figures,
goes to accounting.
B. With a fraction or percentage, the noun in the
following of-phrase determines whether the verb is
singular or plural. Example:
One-fifth of the space has been rented.
Three-quarters of them are repeat customers.
C. In correlative conjunctions either or and neither
nor, the subject closest to the verb determines the verb
form. However, both A and B always requires plural
verbs.
Neither they nor he goes to the cafeteria.
Both Jim and Doris are on the bus.
D. The subjunctive is used to emphasize importance or
urgency. The following verbs are used in the
subjunctive:

It is best (that)
It is essential (that)
It is important (that)
It is recommended (that)

ask (that)
command (that)
demand (that)
request (that)

The subjunctive is formed using the infinitive without


to. Example:
It is important that he make more effort to
get along with his colleagues.
The manager insisted that proposals for the
new project be posted on the office
bulletin board.

Part 5 Incomplete Sentences (page 92)


1. (B) qualify The correct answer is qualify, meaning
to be eligible for.
2. (D) go The subject of this sentence is Ricardos,
meaning the Ricardo family. A family name is
pluralized by adding an s. We use this pluralized name
as a 3rd person plural noun, so the verb form used
must correspond.
3. (B) preservation In this sentence, the phrasal
verb fix up and the noun antiques are clues to the
correct answer. It is common to talk about preserving
antiques at a museum, so preservation is the only
logical choice.
4. (C) be issued Because the subjunctive is used
after the verb suggest, this sentence takes the
subjunctive form, be issued. It is used to emphasize
importance.
5. (D) itinerary Here the correct choice is itinerary,
meaning a plan of a trip.
6. (A) is The missing verb needs to agree with
Monday at 10 a.m., so the 3rd person singular of the
present simple is is the correct choice.
7. (B) need In paired conjunctions that link similar
words, phrases, and clauses, the subject closest to the
verb determines the verb form, in this case need.
8. (A) be This sentence requires a subjunctive due
to the use of the verb request. Therefore, be is the
correct choice.
9. (D) agree In paired conjunctions linked by both
. . . and . . ., the verb is always plural, making agree
the correct choice.
10. (C) were When the subject is a fraction or
percentage, the noun in the following of-phrase
determines whether the verb is singular or plural. In
this case, computers determines the use of the plural
verb form were.
11. (A) reach This sentence takes the simple future
will + infinitive to make a prediction about the future.
The correct choice is reach because it is more
common to talk about sales reaching a certain number
than it is to use the other verb choices given.
12. (B) is scheduled The verb agrees with launch,
so a 3rd person singular form is needed. The passive

voice is used because we do not know the agent of the


action.
13. (D) has been leased The passive is used
because the agent is unknown. In addition, the fraction
one half is followed by the singular noun space, so the
verb needs to take a singular form.
14. (C) consults The subject of the sentence is
supervisor, so the verb must be in the 3rd person
singular. In the context, consults is the only possibility.
15. (A) has been In the paired conjunction not only
. . ., but also . . ., the subject closest to the verb
determines the verb form. Here planner controls the
verb form

Part 6 Text Completion (page 94)


1. (B) expires Subscription is a singular noun so
needs to be followed by a 3rd personal singular verb
form. We can say that a subscription expires, meaning
to come to an end or cease to exist but the other
choices are unsuitable.
2. (C) is The 3rd person singular form of the be verb
is used with an expression of price or money.
3. (D) are processed The correct choice are
processed agrees with the subject changes.
The agent of the action is unknown, therefore the
passive is required.
4. (B) am The verb refers to Cheryl Smith who is
talking about herself and describes her present
situation, therefore the 1st person singular simple
present form of the be-verb is used.
5. (B) provide The bare infinitive provide is the
correct choice because the verb request requires a
subjunctive.
6. (D) termination The correct choice is the noun
termination, meaning the end of a job or agreement.
Because the passage refers to the elimination of his
position, we are alerted to the fact Mr. Stewart lost his
job. In this context, the other choices are not
appropriate.

5 Grammar Practice Infinitives and


Gerunds
To infinitives function as subject or object of a
sentence. Examples of infinitives are to play, to eat,
to happen, to expect, to promise, etc. Observe the
following example:

Subject
To sing in
Broadway
She

Verb
is

Object/Complement
her biggest dream.

would love

to sing at your
wedding.

Gerunds are verbals that function as nouns. Examples


are singing, dancing, eating, arriving, etc. Observe
the following example:

Subject
Singing
I

Verb
is
love

Object/Complement
a great stress reliever.
singing.

Infinitives sometimes come without the word to. This is


true when the infinite follows a verb of perception or a
causative verb.

Verbs of Perception
hear
see
feel
smell
taste

Causative Verbs
let
make
have
get
take

Observe the following sentences:

Subject

Verb

My boss

let (causative)

heard (verb of
perception)

Indirect
Object
me

someone

Direct
Object
take a
month of
paid leave.
unlock the
door.

Activity:
Select the appropriate verb that fits each sentence:
bathe wait
sing
come take
1. I heard her _______ a lovely song. [sing]
2. Mom let me _______ Economics as my major.
[take]
3. I had a pet groomer _______ my pet dog. [bathe]
4. She made me ________ for her for two hours. [wait]
5. He made me _______ to the party. [come]

Part 5 Incomplete Sentences (page 98)


1. (C) used Used to + infinitive describes a situation
that no longer exists. Miguel is no long conscientious.
2. (D) reluctant An adjective is needed in this
sentence and since the two clauses need to show
contrasting ideas, reluctant is the correct choice.
3. (C) moving The verb consider is followed by the
gerund, therefore, the correct answer is moving.
4. (A) to inform The to-infinitive is used after
adjectives which describe feelings. Therefore, the
correct choice after pleased is to inform.
5. (B) efforts The expression used is thank
someone for their efforts, therefore the correct choice
is efforts.
6. (C) talk The correct choice is the base infinitive
talk. With verbs of perception, infinitives are used
without to.
7. (D) to reprint The verb permit needs to be
followed by an infinitive with to.

8. (C) internal In this sentence, internal mail means


letters and documents which are not delivered via an
external, paid mail delivery system.
9. (B) to ignore The verb afford needs to be
followed by a to-infinitive.
10. (D) to reply The verb forget is followed by a toinfinitive, making to reply the correct choice.
In this sentence, I seldom forget to reply has the
meaning It is unusual that I do not reply.
11. (B) hearing The expression look forward to is
always followed by a noun or gerund.
12. (B) informed In this context, the correct choice is
informed, completing the expression to keep someone
informed.
13. (A) to ensure The verb remind is followed by a
to-infinitive.
14. (B) made All of the other verb choices (got,
forced, and told) need to be followed by a to-infinitive.
Made is the only choice that fits in this context.
15. (A) opposed The correct choice is the past
participle opposed. It completes the expression be
opposed to -ing, meaning against or in disagreement
with.
Part 6 Text Completion (page 100)
1. (B) to postpone The expression take a decision is
usually followed by a to-infinitive, making to postpone
the correct choice.
2. (B) hold The verb phrase agree to needs to be
followed by an infinitive. The only correct verb choice
with meeting is hold.
3. (B) to see After the verb expect, a to-infinitive is
needed, making to see the correct choice.
4. (C) tracking This completes the compound noun
tracking number, meaning an identifying number or
code used to follow the progress of a package or
letter.
5. (A) representatives The only possible choice is
representatives, forming the compound noun customer
service representatives.
6. (D) using The expression thank someone for is
followed by a noun or gerund. Since the email is
written to thank a customer for their patronage of a
company, using is the only logical choice.

6 Grammar Practice Participles and


Participle Clause
Useful Notes:
Participles: -ing/-ed
Participles often function as adjectives that describe
nouns. Example:
The mangled pair of sunglasses, bruised
face, broken arm, and bleeding knees meant Greg
had taken another spill on her mountain bike.
A. Present Participle (-ing)
Used if the meaning is active and progressive:

i. when two things occur at the same time (e.g. She


suddenly ran from the room crying.)
ii. when one action occurs during another action
(e.g. He hurt himself climbing the stairs.)
iii. when an ing clause can be an explanation of its
main clause. (e.g. Feeling hungry, he ate lunch.)
B. Past Participle (-ed)
Used for past or completed action (e.g. John arrived
first, followed by the new corporate director.)
Used as adjectives or adverbs to express the passive
(e.g. The house was damaged by the recent
earthquake.)
C. Perfect Participle (having + past participle)
Using the perfect participle emphasizes that the first
action was completed before the second action
started. Example:
Having failed twice, he doesnt want try again.
Having been promoted by his company
recently, he is quite proud.

Part 5 Incomplete Sentences (page 104)


1. (B) working In this sentence, working refers to
people who are working. This is a present participle
used in a participle clause to describe people where
the meaning is active and progressive. It has an
adjectival function.
2. (D) Driving The correct choice driving is a
participle clause which explains the main clause.
If they had not driven quickly, they would not have
arrived at the hotel so soon.
3. (D) investments In the context of the stock
market, the correct expression is to make investments.
4. (C) Depending The present participle, depending,
is necessary because in this sentence, it is an
explanation of the main clause.
5. (D) exhausted The keywords that provide hints
are fell into bed which suggests extreme tiredness.
6. (B) tour In this context, the only choice that is
appropriate to use with the preposition of is tour.
7. (C) taking With two actions occurring at the same
time with an active and progressive meaning, the -ing
form is the correct choice.
8. (C) arrival The keywords that inform the correct
choice are late and taxi driver which are suggestive of
going somewhere and subsequently arriving.
9. (A) demolished The correct choice is the past
participle demolished used as an adjective because
plant is not the agent of demolished.
10. (D) earning This is a participle clause with a
transitive verb, requiring the use of the ing form.
11. (B) experienced The only choice that will fit in
this context is experienced.

12. (D) Waiting The present participle is needed


because the original verb is intransitive.
13. (A) Withdrawn The participle Having been has
been omitted in this participle clause. The full clause
would be Having been withdrawn.
14. (C) Working The present participle is needed
because the original verb is intransitive.
15. (B) looming The correct choice is the adjective
looming, meaning hanging over in a threatening way.

Part 6 Text Completion (page 106)


1. (B) is shared The present passive form is used
as an adjective to express a passive.
2. (C) Stored In the context of keeping personal
information safe, stored is the best fit.
3. (D) retain In the context, retain, meaning keep
is the appropriate choice.
4. (A) required The correct choice is required,
meaning necessary.
5. (B) accurate The relevant keywords are check
and keeping accounts.
6. (D) forgetting The correct choice is the present
participle forgetting which completes the participle
clause, Staff members forgetting to use the time clock.
It has the meaning of Staff members who forget to
use the time clock.

7 Grammar Practice Relative Clauses


Useful Notes:
Who vs. Whom

Grammar rules say that who is used as the


subject of a sentence or a clause while whom is
used as the object of a verb or preposition.

Study the following sentences:


a. The woman who sent the letter is in Texas. (who
is the subject of the verb sent in the relative clause
who sent the letter)
b. The woman from whom I received the letter is in
Texas. (whom is the object of the preposition from
in the relative clause from whom I received the
letter)

However, the use of who as an object is


widespread and acceptable in modern English. It
is also possible to encounter questions and
sentences in this format. It is common to
encounter this especially in spoken English.
e.g. The man who I went to the movies with is my
brother.

Part 5 Incomplete Sentences (page 110)


1. (D) whom The correct choice is the relative object
pronoun whom, used when the antecedent is a person.

2. (A) unique The keywords that inform our choice


are at odds with and conservative.
3. (B) whom The correct choice is the relative object
pronoun whom, used when the antecedent is a person.
4. (C) special In this context, the appropriate choice
is special as this is the only adjective that fits logically
here.
5. (D) one that The correct choice is the relative
object pronoun that because the antecedent is an
object. What cannot be used here because it cannot
be used as an object to refer to a thing in a restrictive
relative clause.

6. (C) what Here the relative pronoun what is used


as an object.
7. (B) responsibility We can talk about a
responsibility to check something, making
responsibility the correct choice.
8. (A) that The sentence requires the relative
subject pronoun. Because the antecedent is an object
(computer), we need to use that.
9. (D) applicants The context implies a workplace
situation, making applicants the correct choice.
10. (A) where The correct choice is the relative
adverb where.
11. (D) whose The correct choice is the relative
possessive pronoun whose.
12. (B) that The correct choice is the relative subject
pronoun that because the antecedent is an object not
a person.
13. (B) indicators In this context, economic
suggests indicators as the appropriate choice.
14. (C) whom The correct choice is the relative
object pronoun whom.
15. (D) rose The verb we would expect to see with
to the top is rise, so the correct choice is the past
tense rose. It is not possible to elevate, grow, or
increase to the top of ones field or speciality.
Part 6 Text Completion (page 112)
1. (B) which The correct choice is the relative object
pronoun which because the antecedent is an object
not a person (interest).
2. (D) impression Here the expression tested is
make an impression.
3. (B) whom The correct choice is the relative object
pronoun whom because the antecedent is a person.
While that may also be used when the antecedent is a
person, it cannot be placed after to.
4. (C) regular The keyword here is monthly,
suggesting something that occurs at regular intervals.
5. (A) that The correct choice is the relative subject
pronoun that because the antecedent is an object, not
a person.
6. (D) What Here the relative pronoun what is used
as a subject.

Review Test 1 (page 114)


1. (A) which The correct choice is the relative object
pronoun which because it refers to a thing, not a
person.
2. (D) developing The gerund is needed after the
expression be committed to.
3. (D) received The correct choice is the simple past
of the verb receive, used for a past completed action at
the same time as another action is in progress.
4. (C) will be shut The correct choice is the future
simple form of the passive voice. The action has not
yet occurred, and the agent of the action is not stated.
5. (B) opposing The correct choice is the present
participle opposing used as an adjective.
6. (C) who The correct choice is the relative subject
pronoun who, referring to the seminar organizers. The
antecedent organizers refers to people, making this
the only possibility.
7. (D) used to be Used to is followed by the infinitive
making used to be the correct choice.
8. (A) is The correct choice is determined by the
noun warranty which requires the use of the
rd
3rd person singular is. Although was is also 3 person
singular form, the inclusion of the adjective current
prevents the use of the past tense here.
9. (A) was alarmed Be alarmed is used in the
passive form with at. Was alarmed expresses the
feeling the recruit felt in his new job.
10. (C) that The correct choice is the relative
pronoun that. Because key is not a person, who and
whom are not appropriate. What cannot be used as an
ordinary relative pronoun after a noun, so it is is not
suitable here.

18. (B) whom The correct choice is the relative


object pronoun whom. While that is also an object
pronoun, it cannot be placed immediately after the
preposition with.
19. (A) is The 3rd person singular simple present
form is agrees with eight oclock.
20. (C) Disappointed The correct choice is the past
participle disappointed. The object of the original verb
serves as the subject of the main clause.
21. (B) Saying The correct choice is the -ing form
because the original verb is transitive, and it is
followed by its object.
22. (B) arrive With the expression not only . . ., but
also . . ., the noun following but also determines the
correct verb form. In this case, the noun is plural,
therefore the 3rd person plural form arrive is the
correct choice.
23. (C) is loved The correct choice is the present
passive form is loved because the agent of the verb is
travelers and airlines while the subject is bag.
24. (A) has The correct choice is has which
combines with been to form the present perfect. It
expresses a situation which started in the past but has
endured up to the present.
25. (C) What The correct choice is the relative
pronoun what, used here as a subject.
26. (A) helping The expression to be committed to
is followed by the a noun or gerund.

8 Grammar Practice Conjunctions and


Prepositions
Useful Notes:

11. (C) had occurred The intransitive verb occur


cannot be used in the passive, so the past perfect had
occurred is the correct choice.
12. (D) will be releasing The correct choice is the
future progressive, expressing something which will
occur by a certain point in time.
13. (B) Announced The correct choice is the past
participle announced. The object of the original verb
serves as the subject of the main clause.
In this sentence, announced refers to the subject
policy.
14. (A) go In this sentence, the subject and verb are
split but must agree.
15. (A) has undertaken The correct choice is the
present perfect has undertaken to indicate an action
that has started in the past and has continued until
now. This use of the present perfect suggests the
action is not complete. In this context, it is implied that
training will continue to take place every spring.
16. (C) is believed The impersonal passive is used
with verbs referring to opinion where the agent is not
specified.
17. (D) getting The correct choice is the gerund,
used after the verb phrase be used to.

Because is a conjunction used to connect two clauses.


Example:
She felt extremely nervous because she was
about to receive her annual evaluation.
Because of is a prepositional phrase followed by a
noun, pronoun, or gerund. Example:
She felt extremely nervous because of her
annual evaluation.
By is used to indicate that something happens by a
particular time. Example:
The report is due by Monday.
Until is used to indicate how long something happens.
Example:
They will be away until Friday.

Part 5 Incomplete Sentences (page 120)


1. (B) until In this sentence, the preposition until is
used to express how long the postponement will take.
2. (D) description In the context, description is the
only word choice that makes logical sense.

3. (A) yet Here yet is used as a coordinating


conjunction, meaning however.
4. (B) Because of In this sentence, because of is
the correct choice because it is followed by a noun,
and it links two clauses expressing cause and effect.
5. (D) experience The keywords providing hints are
interviewer, industry, and requirement.
6. (B) until The correct choice expresses how long
the personnel will be on duty.
7. (D) in addition to The correct choice expresses
something as well as the index, so we need in addition
to, meaning as well as.
8. (A) so that The correct choice is a subordinating
conjunction which expresses cause and effect,
focusing on the consequences.
9. (A) confident The correct choice is the adjective
confident, meaning sure or certain.
10. (D) moment The correct choice is a
subordinating conjunction which expresses the exact
time that the event occurred.
11. (B) permission The keyword here is approval.
12. (B) Provided The correct choice needs to
express a concession, therefore provided is the correct
choice.
13. (C) Even if The correct choice is the
subordinating conjunction even if which expresses a
concession.
14. (C) Because The correct choice is the
subordinating conjunction because. It links the cause
given in the first clause with the effect given in the
second.
15. (A) keynote The noun keynote, meaning the
most important part, combines with the noun speaker
to form the compound noun keynote speaker. The
keynote speaker is the main speaker at a conference.

Part 6 Text Completion (page 122)


1. (C) Without The context suggests that customer
is essential, making without is the only possible choice.
2. (A) competitive The context of the business
environment makes competitive the logical choice.
3. (D) nor The correct choice is the coordinating
conjunction nor, meaning and not.
4. (D) stress The correct choice is the verb stress,
meaning emphasize. It is commonly used in the
expression stress how important (something) + beverb.
5. (A) such The correct choice is the subordinating
conjunction such which, partnered with that, expresses
cause and effect.
6. (B) or The correct choice is the coordinating
conjunction or, meaning either.

9 Grammar Practice Modification


Useful notes:

1. Limiting adjectives describe whose, how many,


how much, and which one.
2. Limiting adjectives can be the following:
a. Articles a, an, the
b. Demonstrative pronouns - this, that, those,
these
c. Numbers
d. Possessive pronouns e.g. his/her books
e. Possessive nouns e.g. Annas closet
f. Indefinites some, few, many, any, etc.
Part 5 Incomplete Sentences (page 126)
1. (B) unbearably The correct choice is the adverb
unbearably which modifies the adjective hot to express
degree.
2. (D) alleviate The verb alleviate, meaning to
make something less painful is the correct choice.
3. (A) much The quantifier much which modifies the
uncountable noun sales force is the correct choice.
4. (A) most of The quantifier most of modifying the
uncountable noun information is the correct choice.
5. (D) evidence The keywords discrepancies,
collected, and investigators together with the fact that
the missing word is preceded by the definite article the
mean that the noun evidence is the correct choice.
6. (B) poorly The adverb poorly modifies the verb
evaluate to describe manner.
7. (A) exactly The adverb exactly modifies the
phrase the kind of problem to give emphasis and show
the speaker is referring to that kind of problem and no
other.
8. (A) All of The correct choice is the quantifier all
of, modifying the noun drawings.
9. (D) certainly The adverb certainly is used here to
modify the phrase shows little regard for the welfare of
his employees to specify degree.
10. (B) Few The quantifier few is the correct choice.
It modifies the countable noun applicants.
11. (C) greatly The correct choice is the adverb
greatly, specifying the degree of the adjective different.
12. (B) complimentary The keywords which assist in
making the correct choice are promotion and free.
13. (A) well The correct choice is the adverb well
which modifies the verb perform to describe manner.
14. (D) securely The most appropriate choice is
securely given the context of closing the door.
15. (C) very The correct choice is the adverb very
which modifies the adjective careless to specify
degree.
Part 6 Text Completion (page 128)
1. (B) a number The correct choice in this context is
a number. It completes the quantifier a number of,
meaning several.
2. (A) delivery The context of the passage and the
keywords dropping off items and drivers lead to the
correct choice of delivery.

3. (D) effect The correct expression in this sentence


is put a procedure into effect.
4. (B) latest The correct choice is the superlative
adjective form latest, meaning most recent.
The adjective latest describes the noun member. The
plain adjective form late and the comparative form later
are not appropriate in this context.
5. (D) randomly In this context, the appropriate
choice is randomly since the others do not make
logical sense.
6. (C) much The correct choice is the quantifier
much which modifies the uncountable noun music.

10 Grammar Practice Pronouns


Note:
Reflexive pronouns (e.g. himself/yourself/themselves)
are sometimes used instead of object pronouns (e.g.
him/you/them) after like, as, but (for), and except (for).
Example:
All members of the board voted yes except
for myself.
Part 5 Incomplete Sentences (page 132)
1. (B) whoever The correct choice is the indefinite
relative pronoun whoever because it is not known who
ordered the taxi.
2. (D) matter The correct choice is matter to
complete the expression be the matter with, meaning
be wrong with; to have a problem.
3. (D) their The correct choice is the possessive
pronoun their used as a determiner, meaning
belonging to them.
4. (C) themselves The correct choice is the reflexive
pronoun themselves because the subject and the
object are the same person.
5. (B) his The correct choice is the possessive
pronoun his. He admits the fault belongs to him, so it is
his fault.
6. (D) features Keywords which suggest the correct
choice include sales, product, and positive.
7. (B) another Even if implies the need for a word
that expresses an alternative to the repair center
mentioned in the sentence. The correct choice is
therefore another, meaning an alternative; a different
one. Everything is not possible because it needs to be
followed by a verb. These needs to be followed by a
plural and therefore does not fit. While any can be
used to emphasize free choice, it does not fit in this
context.
8. (A) those The correct choice is the demonstrative
pronoun those, referring to the plural noun managers.
9. (D) accountability The keywords which suggest
the correct choice are corporate and crimes.
These suggest the need for a word related to moral
duty or responsibility in a business setting. Obligation
and accountability both contain this idea. However,

accountability, meaning being completely responsible


for what one does and able to give a satisfactory
reason for it, is more commonly used as a collocation
with corporate than obligation.
10. (B) many The correct choice is the indefinite
pronoun many, meaning a large but unspecified
quantity. It acts as the subject of the verb applied.
11. (C) himself The correct choice is the reflexive
pronoun himself. It completes the expression to be
disappointed with oneself.
12. (A) strongly The adverb strongly is commonly
used with recommend to mean very much.
13. (B) ourselves The correct choice is the reflexive
pronoun ourselves. Reflexive pronouns are often used
instead of personal pronouns after as. Instead of
ourselves, the personal pronoun we could be used, but
st
it would require the 1 person plural form of the beverb with it.
14. (C) phases The correct choice is phases,
meaning stages.
15. (A) their The correct choice is the possessive
pronoun their, referring to the department which
belongs to them.
Part 6 Text Completion (page 134)
1. (D) extend The only appropriate choice in this
context is extend, meaning to continue.
2. (C) This The correct choice is the demonstrative
pronoun this, referring to the singular noun rate of
$125.
3. (C) those The correct choice is the demonstrative
pronoun those, meaning the members who.
4. (C) participant The correct choice is the noun
participant, meaning a person who takes part in an
activity.
5. (B) your The context is a letter explaining what
Mrs. Sampson should expect during her visit.
The writer is addressing the information to
Mrs. Sampson directly, therefore the only logical
choice is the possessive pronoun your.
6. (D) whatever The correct choice is the indefinite
relative pronoun whatever because the exact items are
unknown.

11 Grammar Practice Comparisons


Part 5 Incomplete Sentences (page 138)
1. (A) a little The correct choice a little modifies the
comparative form earlier.
2. (C) process We process an order, so in the
context of the sentence, process is the correct choice.
3. (D) more closely The correct choice is the
comparative form of the adverb closely which here
describes the verb work.

4. (B) fired Keywords which suggest the correct


choice include workers and insubordination.
5. (D) smart The correct choice is smart because as
. . . as takes the regular form of the adjective.
6. (C) most The use of the definite article the
indicates that the superlative will be the correct choice.
7. (D) by far The correct choice by far modifies the
superlative the best.
8. (C) scariest The use of the definite article the
suggests that the superlative is the correct choice.
Additionally, the word part suggests that there are
several factors involved, and the superlative is used
when we have multiple items to compare.
9. (C) range The correct choice is range, completing
the compound noun price range, meaning a gamut of
prices going from highest to lowest.
10. (D) manual Manual is the word which fits best in
the context.
11. (D) best The correct choice is the superlative
best. It is logical to assume that the caterer has offered
several prices, and that among them
$9.95 is the cheapest, necessitating the superlative.
12. (B) executive The expression board meeting is
best matched with the adjective executive.
13. (C) messiest The correct choice is the
superlative form messiest since it is preceded by the
definite article, the.
14. (A) more regularly The correct choice is the
adverb regularly modified by more, describing the verb
meet.
15. (C) many The correct choice is many, modifying
the countable noun, employees.
Part 6 Text Completion (page 140)
1. (C) the best The correct choice is the superlative
form because the terms of service of the company
mentioned are compared to those of more than one
other company.
2. (D) activation Activation, meaning to make
active, is the correct choice in the context.
3. (A) Late Late, meaning not on time, is the
correct choice in the context.
4. (C) crucial Crucial, meaning extremely
important, is the correct choice.
5. (D) easier The correct choice easier completes
the idiomatic phrase easier said than done.
6. (C) simply The correct choice is the adverb
simply because the adverb very cannot be used to
modify a comparative. Therefore, the simple form of
the adverb is needed.

12 Grammar Practice Negation and Word


Order
Note:
Besides no, not, and none, the following words can be
used to make negatives: yet, no longer, hardly, ever,
and have yet to-infinitive.
I have hardly seen the new secretary since
she started working here.
We have yet to decide how many employees
will be laid off.
Placing too or much too before an adjective or adverb
can make a sentence negative.
You came to a decision much too quickly.
Mr. Green is too careless to work in this
position.
Part 5 Incomplete Sentences (page 144)
1. (B) confident In the context, the correct choice is
confident, meaning sure.
2. (A) does not The correct choice is the negative
form does not, where do + not are placed before the
main verb due to the lack of an auxiliary.
3. (B) no The correct choice is no which precedes
the noun weather in this sentence.
4. (D) legislation The correct choice is legislation,
meaning laws.
5. (B) never The correct choice is never which is not
used in a double negative and therefore, cannot be
combined with other negative words.
6. (A) majority The correct choice is majority,
meaning the larger part.
7. (D) yet The correct choice yet is a negative
structure used to make a sentence negative.
8. (C) not to The correct answer is the negative not
which is placed in front of the non-finite verb to miss.
9. (A) securing The correct choice is securing,
meaning to get or succeed.
10. (C) good enough The correct choice is good
enough because the use of not + adjective + enough
makes this sentence negative.
11. (D) Not The correct choice is not which is
placed before the non-finite verb knowing.
12. (C) much too The correct choice is much too.
Placed before an adjective, these words make the
sentence negative.
13. (D) unequaled The correct choice unequaled,
meaning distinctive and unlike any other, is
commonly used with the noun success to
mean that something has been extremely successful.
14. (B) no The correct choice is no because this is
placed before a noun without an article to make a
negative.
15. (B) could Negative words should not be used
with hardly, so the correct choice is could.
Part 6 Text Completion (page 146)
1. (D) instead of In this context, the correct choice is
instead of, meaning in place of.

2. (A) honor The correct choice is honor. This


completes the phrase to honor the price, meaning to
accept the price.
3. (D) must The correct choice is must because a
negative form is not used with never.
4. (C) essential The correct choice is essential,
meaning necessary.
5. (D) not The correct choice is not which is placed
before the main verb teach.
6. (B) rarely The correct choice is rarely because
this is a word that cannot be used with negative words.

13 Grammar Practice Conditionals


Conditionals are used to express:
1. A true or probable situation in the present or future

If-clause (simple result clause (will + bare


present) infinitive)
If I am qualified, I will apply for that position.
2. An untrue or imaginary situation in the present or
future

If-clause (past result clause


present) (would/could/might + bare
infinitive)
If I were qualified, I might apply for that position.
(Were is often used instead of was in both formal and
informal English. This is a form of the subjunctive)
3. an untrue situation in the past

If-clause (past
perfect)

result clause
(would/could/might+have+ba
re infinitive)
If I had been qualified, I could have applied for that
position.

Part 5 Incomplete Sentences (page 150)


1. (C) receive The correct choice is the simple
present form receive which is needed to
express a true conditional situation in the
future.
2. (D) discontinued In the first clause, we are
informed that sales figures did not improve
in the previous year. In this context, the
obvious choice is discontinued, meaning
stopped.
3. (B) known The correct choice is known. In this
sentence, if has been omitted, and the
construction had + subject + past participle has
been used.
4. (B) had established In this sentence, the verb
wish indicates a desire that the situation were
the opposite of the reality. The past perfect
tense is needed in this past situation.
5. (B) were The correct choice is were. To express
an untrue present situation, the verb in the ifclause
takes the past tense. We usually use the
subjunctive were instead of was after if.
6. (D) supply The correct choice is the noun supply.
Together with the noun company, it forms the

compound noun supply company.


7. (A) is The verb in the if-clause needs to be in
the simple present because this sentence
expresses a true situation.
8. (B) were The correct choice were is needed with
the clause I wish to express a desire that the
reality were the opposite of what it actually is.
9. (B) could have The correct choice is the past
perfect because the sentence is expressing an
untrue situation in the past.
10. (C) will include The simple future is needed to
complete this sentence which expresses a true
situation.
11. (A) accommodations The keywords are
cheaper,
London, and attend. The correct choice is
accommodations, meaning somewhere to stay.
12. (C) had forgotten The correct choice with an as
if-clause is had + past participle.
13. (D) Should The correct choice is should which is
used with the simple present when if is
omitted and the subject and verb are inverted.
14. (C) had had The correct choice is had had in
this untrue, past situation.
15. (A) inventory The keyword which supplies a
hint to the correct choice is warehouse.

Part 6 Text Completion (page 152)


1. (D) will be spent The correct choice is will be
spent because the sentence expresses a true
situation in the future.
2. (A) undertaken In the context, only undertaken,
meaning to do or begin, is appropriate to talk
about the project.
3. (C) Should Here if has been omitted, so the
correct choice is should.
4. (D) request The correct choice in the context of
applying for vacation time is request.
5. (C) desire The correct choice is desire, meaning
want.
6. (B) are After if to express a true situation, the
present simple is needed in the if-clause.

14 Grammar Practice Apposition,


Emphasis, and Inversion
Appositives are words, phrases, or clauses which
follow a noun to rename or describe it in another way.
Example:
My sister is a research scientist.
My sister, the research scientist, works at a
large research facility. (Appositive)
Cleft sentences are used to focus attention on a
certain part of the sentence. Compare:
I have come to apply for the position.
The reason why I have come is to apply for
the position. (Cleft sentence)
Cleft structures include the reason why, the place
where, the day when, the thing that, the fact that, the
person who, etc.

Part 5 Incomplete Sentences (page 156)


1. (C) What The correct choice is what. In this cleft
sentence, what focuses the attention on do.
2. (A) a The correct choice is the indefinite article
a. It completes the appositive a computer
expert which describes Ms. Phillips.
3. (C) that In this cleft sentence, the fact that
focuses on the reason why the speaker missed
a meeting.
4. (D) alluded The correct choice alluded, meaning
hinted, is the only appropriate choice in this
context.
5. (A) was In this cleft sentence, what + the 3rd
person singular verb focus on prepare the
meeting rooms.
6. (C) maximum In the context, only the noun
maximum is appropriate.
7. (D) all they did In this cleft sentence, all + the 3rd
person singular verb focuses the attention on
sit at their desks while did is the only suitable
verb choice for this past situation.
8. (A) bidder The keywords which suggest the
correct choice are shares, for sale, and highest.
9. (B) place In this sentence, the attention is
focused
on where the action will occur, making place
the correct choice.
10. (D) moral The keywords which suggest the
correct choice are officials and obligation.
11. (B) happened What + happen is used to put
the emphasis on a whole sentence. Because
this is a past situation, happened is the correct
choice.
12. (C) oriented The correct choice is oriented,
meaning focused.
13. (A) were we After the negative expression at no
time, the subject and verb are inverted.
14. (D) boss The correct choice is the noun boss.
This completes the appositive the boss, giving
additional information about Mr. Taylor. The
fact that he interrupted his employees tells us
that he has a superior position.
15. (C) who In this cleft sentence, the correct choice
is the relative pronoun who. The (person) who
is used to place the focus on the person who
influenced the outcome (the final voter).

Part 6 Text Completion (page 158)


1. (B) exist The correct choice is the verb exist.
After the negative modal cannot, a verb is
needed. Extent is a noun, and so does not fit. In
this context, the verbs exit and except do not
make sense.
2. (C) to whom In this cleft sentence, the people is
what we want to focus on. This expression
requires the relative object pronoun whom
and the preposition to.
3. (B) all All is used to focus attention on just one
thing, in this case, the thing that needs doing.
4. (B) consider The correct choice is consider,
meaning to think.
5. (D) is In this cleft sentence, the phrase the
reason why focuses on why the writer is making
his choice. It is a present situation, so the

correct choice is the simple present is.


6. (A) admiration In the context of this sentence,
a word with a positive meaning is needed. The
correct choice is admiration.
Review Test 2 (page 160)
1. (D) by The correct choice is the preposition by,
indicating the time before which people must
connect to the video link (before and up to 10
a.m., but no later).
2. (C) Several of The correct choice is the
quantifier several of which modifies the noun
salespeople.
3. (B) provided The correct choice is the
subordinating conjunction provided, meaning
if or only if.
4. (B) many The quantifier many is used to modify
the countable noun delegates.
5. (D) as To multiply the size or amount of
something when making a comparison,
adverbs such as twice can be used with
expression as . . . as.
6. (B) than Than is used after a comparative, in
this case the comparative adjective longer.
7. (C) never The correct choice is the word never
which, used with the regular form of the verb,
creates a negative sentence.
8. (A) no The negative word no is placed before a
noun that has no article.
9. (B) Now that The correct choice is the
subordinating conjunction now that expressing
cause.
10. (B) dedicated The correct choice is the adjective
dedicated which modifies the noun supervisor.
11. (D) is the day when The correct choice is the
expression the day when which is used with
the be-verb is to focus attention on the date
June 5th.
12. (C) yet The correct choice is the coordinating
conjunction yet which links two contrasting
ideas.
13. (A) The fact that yet In this cleft sentence, the
fact that yet focuses attention on the
information that another administrative clerk
has resigned.
14. (D) better The correct choice is the comparative
form better.
15. (B) their The correct choice is the possessive
pronoun their which precedes the compound
noun work day.
16. (C) worst The correct choice is the superlative
form worst because more than two different
things are being compared (seminars).
17. (D) could I The auxiliary is placed directly before
the subject of the clause after the negative
expression never.
18. (C) did The use of the word what focuses
attention on contact the hotel. In this context,
the correct choice is the simple past tense
form did.
19. (A) why The correct choice is why which
focuses
attention on the reason that they decided to
visit Paris.
20. (C) on The correct choice is the preposition on.
When talking about membership of a

committee, the expression used is be on a/the


committee.
21. (A) good enough The correct choice is good
enough because the construction not + adjective
+ enough makes the sentence negative.
22. (C) in The preposition in is the correct choice to
complete the expression find (oneself) in a
situation.
23. (B) Should you In a conditional sentence
where if is omitted, the subject and verb are
inverted.
24. (B) this The correct choice is the singular
demonstrative pronoun this which identifies
the noun letter.
25. (B) Because of The prepositional phrase
because of, which is followed by the noun
changes, is the correct choice.
26. (A) more The correct choice is the comparative
form more because it is comparing the future
situation with the present situation.

Chapter 3 Reading Practice

6. (C) To hold what they produce


7. (A) There is a small charge for admission.
8. (C) A ride moved too quickly.
9. (B) A law firm
10. (A) Failing to be careful enough
11. (C) May 25th
12. (D) To solicit volunteers
13. (C) They are fans of films.
14. (D) By offering the help of her students
15. (D) It holds no classes after 3 p.m.

B. Memos (page 176)


1. (C) To improve their employees health
2. (A) About a quarter
3. (B) To announce a retirement and a job opening
4. (C) About three weeks
5. (D) Hire a new designer
6. (B) To complain about product quality
7. (D) Welding goggles
8. (C) It was the first time he had had a problem.
9. (A) The faulty goggles
10. (B) Financial support
11. (A) To announce the launch of a product
12. (D) A $4,500 deposit
13. (A) To alert the manager of a few concerns
14. (C) Through additional staff training
15. (B) It is a multinational corporation.

C. Advertisements (page 182)

Tips

Think about the type of text. Is it a


notice, a memo, a report, an
advertisement, an email, or a
chart/table?
Think about the purpose of the text. Is
it meant to sell a product, to instruct, or
to complain about a service?
Think of the main points in the text.
Learn to identify synonyms and
implied information.
Think of the writer as well as the
audience or people to whom the text is
addressed.

Mini-test
A. Notices (page 170)
1. (A) An upcoming repair project
2. (C) Around 10 days
3. (D) The closure of a bank facility
4. (A) Fewer customers are using that branch.
5. (A) To raise awareness about environmental
concerns

1. (D) A rental company


2. (C) The cost of rental insurance
3. (A) To promote a real estate agency
4. (B) In a downtown area
5. (D) Mid-week discounts
6. (B) Added better sound equipment
7. (C) High school students seeking summer jobs
8. (B) The summer months
9. (B) Available for only part of the year
10. (D) A cut-rate subscription
11. (B) $38.50
12. (A) 6
13. (B) Manufacturing
14. (D) Foreign language skills
15. (A) It will likely involve doing some driving.

D. Articles, Information, and Reports


(page 188)
1. (D) Visit the conferences website
2. (C) 1:30 p.m.
3. (A) Celebratory events
4. (A) Two days
5. (C) They will be removed.
6. (C) Unlicensed business owners
7. (D) When the business permit has expired
8. (A) At least two years
9. (B) A bank statement
10. (C) Check the expiration date of their permits
11. (D) It was higher than they had predicted.
12. (B) Monthly
13. (A) A fundraiser
14. (B) To join the group
15. (A) They have gardening experience.
16. (B) A decade
17. (B) The original bill of sale
18. (C) In operation

19. (B) To make an inquiry


20. (C) She does not know where to send it.
21. (B) To request a refund
22. (D) 100% of the total price
23. (C) To cover processing costs
24. (B) October 30th
25. (D) Not at all

E. Emails and Letters (page 198)


1. (C) Esther Parks assistant
2. (C) There will be seating arranged for 10 people.
3. (B) To give a compliment
4. (A) Anne has misplaced it somewhere.
5. (C) To provide the requested program information
6. (D) Finance
7. (B) Prior internship experience
8. (B) Give a talk at an upcoming company event
9. (D) A coworker
10. (A) New and original
11. (C) By fax
12. (D) On October 24th
13. (D) In 10 days
14. (C) $3.00
15. (C) Telephone Lynda
16. (B) To inquire about their anniversary packages
17. (D) At an outdoor location
18. (B) It is large and growing.
19. (C) 150
20. (B) Their childrens menu
21. (A) To place a grocery order
22. (D) She is a first-time customer.
23. (A) With cash
24. (B) The customer missed the cut-off time.
25. (A) By registering for regular emails

F. Charts and Tables (page 208)


1. (B) 400
2. (A) It has not been paid yet.
3. (C) The flavor of the day will be dropped.
4. (B) It makes people feel good.
5. (A) People were returning gifts they did not like.
6. (C) Flat screen TVs
7. (B) It is an electronics store.
8. (D) To indicate the most money a buyer could
expect to borrow to buy a house
9. (C) $66,000 is enough to purchase a house.
10. (A) Suitable for
11. (A) To fulfill the terms of a contract
12. (B) 10%
13. (B) The Stiles son
14. (C) She wants an additional copy for her husband.
15. (B) She will phone Mr. Stiles.

Chapter 4 Practice Test


Part 1 Picture Description (page 218)
Tips

Preview the picture before the


statements are read. Ask yourself,
Who? Where? What?
Focus on the meaning of the
statements as a whole.
Answer the questions as quickly as
possible. If you dont know the answer,
guess and begin previewing the next
picture.

Tricks
Incorrect answers may contain similarsounding words.
Watch out for incorrect answers that
may include some correct words.

1. (C) The man is placing tile on the wall.


2. (B) The woman has placed the bananas on the
scale.
3. (C) There is a cup in front of the woman.
4. (A) Two people are working on a project.
5. (C) The men are reviewing blueprints.
6. (C) The man is reading something.
7. (B) A family is standing on the ice.
8. (D) There is a garage attached to the house.
9. (A) The people are loading items into a truck.
10. (A) A boy is getting off the bus.

Part 2 Questions and Responses


(page 224)
11. (B) Yes, with only moments to spare.
12. (A) Yes, as far as I know.
13. (B) Yes, it really was.
14. (B) Sure. Thanks for the invite.
15. (C) Not that I can remember.
16. (A) Sometime this spring, I hear.
17. (A) No, only at the back.
18. (C) Dont worry. Its on me today.
19. (B) Check at the registration desk.
20. (B) Youre just in time for it.
21. (C) I fell on the way to work.
22. (A) It could be as early as next week.
23. (C) I have absolutely no idea.
24. (A) Its getting a bit late and Im tired.
25. (B) I need to read it first.
26. (A) As soon as everything is sold.
27. (B) It would be my pleasure.
28. (A) Only when Im out of the office.
29. (A) Youll do just fine, Im sure.
30. (C) It doesnt seem so.
31. (B) It was canceled.
32. (A) It slipped our minds.
33. (A) Its all-inclusive.
34. (C) Yes, and it isnt just you.
35. (B) No, she will call back later.

36. (B) No, I have to finish this important fax.


37. (A) I think it closes at four on weekdays.
38. (C) More than 75, I believe.
39. (C) He has too many appointments.
40. (B) Just this once, and lets keep it between us.

Part 3 Short Conversations (page 225)


Tips
Look at the question before the dialog begins.
If you have time, look at the answers as well.
While listening to the dialog, try to imagine
where the speakers are.
Dont answer too quickly. Read all the
answers before making your choice.
Watch out for answers that are true but are
not related to the question.
Watch out for distracting numbers which
include dates, times, and numbers of things or
people.

41. (B) In an office


42. (A) By car
43. (C) Pay a cancellation charge
44. (B) Her colleague
45. (A) At 9 a.m.
46. (A) There will be an important meeting.
47. (C) A garage
48. (A) She wants to pick up her vehicle.
49. (D) Call the supplier
50. (C) To find the store managers office
51. (C) 3rd floor
52. (B) To have a job interview
53. (D) Her boss
54. (B) His new flight time
55. (A) Slightly more than two hours
56. (D) She had to work.
57. (C) To the countryside
58. (A) She recently became a wedding planner.
59. (B) Two
60. (A) The hotel is full on the second night.
61. (A) Contact another hotel
62. (B) The location of a work party
63. (A) Change the restaurant
64. (D) The food is poor quality.
65. (B) The woman is interviewing the man for a job.
66. (A) In an office
67. (C) Lend the man a pen
68. (B) His supervisor
69. (A) Because of an appointment
70. (D) He rarely takes time off.

Part 4 Short Talks (page 228)


Tips
Listen closely to the introduction preceding
the talk. It will tell you what type of
information you will hear (news report,
weather report, advertisement, recorded
message, announcement, etc.)
Try to preview the questions before the talk
begins. This will help you listen for the
information required by the questions.
Begin to answer the questions as soon as the
talk is finished.
Watch out for the same traps that are seen in
Parts 1-3.
71. (C) On a train
72. (A) Denver
73. (C) They will remain quiet.
74. (A) In the exhibitors area
75. (D) Those in the legal profession
76. (D) 1:30 p.m.
77. (C) A librarian
78. (B) Photocopiers
79. (A) One
80. (B) A new staff member
81. (B) The roads are less congested.
82. (C) Read some information
83. (A) A hotel chain
84. (A) To book a room
85. (D) Wait on the line patiently
86. (B) People who lack adequate dance skills
87. (B) To view a list of the classes offered
88. (A) 30 days of unlimited classes for new students
89. (C) On the radio
90. (A) In January
91. (D) An additional discount
92. (A) In a company boardroom
93. (D) All staff members
94. (B) A new recruit
95. (B) To inform passengers of a delay
96. (C) 8:35 p.m.
97. (C) Everyone on Flight 425
98. (B) To facilitate effective treatment
99. (D) The doctors name
100. (A) In a box at the station

Part 5 Incomplete Sentences (page 231)


Tips
Listen closely to the introduction preceding
the talk. It will tell you what type of
information you will hear (news report,
weather report, advertisement, recorded
message, announcement, etc.)
Try to preview the questions before the talk
begins. This will help you listen for the
information required by the questions.
Begin to answer the questions as soon as the
talk is finished.
Watch out for the same traps that are seen in
Parts 1-3.
101. (A) tightly The correct choice is the adverb
tightly,
which describes the past participle closed in
this sentence.
102. (C) biggest The correct choice is the
superlative
form of the adjective big. In this sentence, the
superlative is needed because several different
influences have been compared.
103. (D) arranged In this sentence, the past
participle
is used to express the passive.
104. (C) decreased The correct choice is the
present
perfect, which expresses a finished action that
is connected with the present: there are now
fewer thefts.
105. (C) either The correct choice is the correlative
conjunction either, which expresses a choice
between two possibilities when used with or.
106. (A) applicant The correct choice is the noun
form applicant, meaning someone who applies
for something (such as a job).
107. (B) agreement The correct choice is the noun
form agreement used as the object of the
preposition for.
108. (B) is believed In this sentence, the impersonal
passive is used to express an opinion. It is
implied that this is a commonly held belief.
109. (D) refer The correct choice is the verb refer,
meaning seek information from. This verb is
used with the preposition to.
110. (C) timely The correct choice is the adjective
timely, meaning within an appropriate time.
111. (A) has warned The correct choice is the
present
perfect has warned because it refers to an event
in the past which is connected to the present.
112. (C) exception The correct choice is exception,
which means not included in a group.
113. (B) used The correct choice is used. Used to +
infinitive expresses a regular activity in the
past which no longer occurs.
114. (D) prevented The correct choice is prevented,
meaning kept from happening.
115. (C) being The correct choice is the present
participle being. The participle clause which it

completes describes the mayors speech. A


participle clause with an -ing form of the
be-verb is used to express reason or cause.
116. (A) to assemble The correct choice is the
infinitive to assemble because of the use of the
verb like. It is used here in the construction like
+ object + to-infinitive.
117. (B) keep The correct choice is the verb keep.
When used with the adverb away, it forms the
phrasal verb keep away, meaning to prevent
from going somewhere or near somewhere.
118. (A) its The correct choice is the possessive
pronoun. In this sentence, its refers to the
products of the company.
119. (C) to hear After the adjective shocked, a
to-infinitive is used.
120. (B) are The correct choice is the 3rd person
plural form are because it agrees with the
plural noun places. The adverb currently tells
us that we are talking about a present situation.
121. (A) which In this non-identifying relative clause,
the correct choice is the relative pronoun which.
122. (C) by The correct choice is by, referring to
something which happens by a particular time,
and no later.
123. (A) care The noun care completes the
expression handle with (great) care.
124. (B) have I After seldom, the subject and verb
are inverted, making have I the correct choice.
125. (A) which The correct choice is the relative
pronoun which because the antecedent is a
thing.
126. (D) prior to The correct choice is the
prepositional phrase prior to, meaning before.
127. (D) equally The correct choice is the adverb
equally which modifies the adjective valid.
128. (B) retail The correct choice is the noun retail
which completes the compound noun retail
businesses.
129. (B) their The correct choice is the 3rd person
plural possessive pronoun their. It refers to
every customer, meaning all people within the
collective group, customers.
130. (C) that The missing word is that. It completes
the subordinating conjunction so that.
131. (C) preference The correct choice is
preference,
meaning liking one thing over another.
132. (D) All The correct choice is the quantifier all,
signifying that without exception, visitors have
to sign in.
133. (C) nevertheless The adverb nevertheless has
the meaning of despite what has been said. It
expresses that regardless of traffic problems,
everyone should be at the meeting.
134. (B) because of The prepositional phrase
because of is followed by a noun and connects
cause and effect.
135. (B) be announced In this sentence, the simple
future passive is used.
136. (A) join With the verb request, the subjunctive
is needed.
137. (C) Whoever The relative pronoun whoever is
the correct choice because the sentence refers
to an unidentified person.
138. (B) not enough Before a noun, not enough can

be used to make the sentence negative.


139. (D) much Much is used to modify the
comparative adverb better.
140. (A) why In this cleft sentence, the focus is on
the reason for holding a meeting due to the
expression the reason why.

Part 6 Text Completion (page 236)


Tips
Remember that you are looking for the most
appropriate word to fill in the blank.
Read the whole text, not just the words
around the blank. Try to understand the
meaning of the text.

141. (B) valued In this context, the correct choice is


the adjective valued.
142. (C) be reduced The correct choice be reduced
completes the future simple passive in this
sentence.
143. (A) local The correct choice is the adjective
local,
which describes the noun hospital.
144. (C) mailed The past participle mailed is used
as
an adjective, with the meaning which was
mailed.
145. (B) apologize In this context, the correct choice
is the verb apologize.
146. (D) to serving The expression look forward to
is
followed by the -ing form of the verb.
147. (A) amazing The correct choice is the present
participle amazing, used here as an adjective.
148. (C) those The correct choice is the
demonstrative
pronoun those, which refers to the plural noun
seeds.
149. (C) incentive In this context, the correct choice
is incentive, meaning something that
encourages you to do something.
150. (D) to adhere After the verb require, a
to-infinitive is used.
151. (C) If This conditional clause is introduced by
the conjunction if.
152. (D) mandatory In this context, mandatory,
meaning ordered by rules or law is the correct
choice.

Part 7 Reading Comprehension (page 240)


Tricks:
Many answers use information that appears in
the passage. However, they may not directly
answer the question.
Watch out for similar sounding words, confusing
numbers, wrong word forms, and words with
similar meanings.
Dont be confused by questions that follow these
formats:
Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the
reading?
The text refers to all of the following EXCEPT

153. (A) To announce a parking restriction


154. (B) Park their vehicles on a different street
155. (A) To encourage participation in a course
156. (C) Adults only
157. (A) Self improvement
158. (C) Business people
159. (B) On the companys website
160. (B) It is an annual event.
161. (A) $29.50
162. (D) On the weekend
163. (C) Economic development
164. (D) Upgrades to downtown buildings
165. (C) The construction of roadways
166. (B) To provide a reference
167. (B) She is interested in financial matters.
168. (A) She is a recent college graduate.
169. (D) Business professionals
170. (C) Stand out
171. (C) 500
172. (B) Contact information
173. (A) To inform employees of an upcoming event
174. (C) It will be led by a group of amateurs.
175. (A) At the event venue
176. (B) Only staff can attend the event.
177. (B) Arts and Literature
178. (D) The Symbol
179. (C) To promote a writer and his latest work
180. (C) 2003
181. (A) Small businesses
182. (D) Bank account set-up
183. (B) Just under $30
184. (A) He needs such services for his own business.
185. (D) A representative will get in touch with Mr.
Lightfoot.
186. (A) To request payment for services rendered
187. (D) They provide excellent service.
188. (B) Early May
189. (D) A contact number
190. (B) Contact the sales department
191. (C) Residents who own their own houses
192. (B) $90
193. (A) The added charges for installation
194. (C) A concerned local citizen
195. (A) Because they have been approved by the
state

196. (C) To make a request


197. (C) He was away on business for a while.
198. (B) She no longer works at the gym.
199. (A) He gave Keith two months free membership.
200. (D) Manager

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