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Jos Gregorio Preciado
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Tenochtitlan to Madrid
So important was the cocoa for Aztecs that used the almonds as currency. Pedro Martir of
Anglera, chronicler of indian, said about it: "They use money, not of metal but of nutlets of
certain trees, almond-like." To better understand the exchanges carried in the aztec world, the
spaniards drew up tables of equivalence. Thanks to them, we know that a hare paid in cocoa
cost the same as the services of a prostitute.
At first the spaniards showed rejection by chocolate, because according to the chronicler
Gonzalo Fernandez de Oviedo, the lips were as bloodstained after drinking it. Apart from that,
its bitter and peppery taste not just convince. Girolamo Benzoni, in his History of new world,
he went on to say that "looked more like a chocolate drink for pigs that to be consumed by
humanity." Nevertheless, in the sixteenth century it came to Spain and the chocolate was
presented to Charles V by Hernan Cortes. From that moment, their acceptance will increase,
reaching levels very high.
Philip IV and wife of Louis XIV, secured this practice by drinking chocolate regularly in their
new country.
When the Bourbons came to Spain they were very fond of chocolate. Above all, Felipe V and
his son Charles III, they often eat breakfast with this drink. It was precisely Carlos III, in an
effort to create an industry that sit the foundations for economic development of the country,
who allowed the exclusive monopoly between exchange Real Madrid and the Captaincy
General of Venezuela. Through the centralized system that characterized his reign, the
monarch created an institution responsible for managing trade, called Royal Company
Guipuzcoana de Caracas. The product reaches the Spanish tables through marine stores. It
was also in the century XVIII when chocolate burst into confectionery. Juan de la Mata used
the chocolate as an ingredient to make dried sweet in some recipes from her book art pastries.
De la Mata himself was a forerunner of the chocolate mousse by inventing what he called
chocolate foam, something very similar to the mousse.
Chocolatiers teachers
The preparation of the product would then be consumed was the responsibility of the grinder.
He traveled the country with a curved stone on the back. Following the technique called the
metate, consisting of ground, kneeling, and on the mentioned stone, the cacao seeds. Slowly,
and with great effort, he pulled a uniform liquid mass, known as cocoa paste. The Valencian
lawyer Marcos Antonio Orellana speaks of it in this poem: "O divine chocolate / that kneel
you grind / hands together churn you / and eyes to heaven you drink!"
Everything changed from the century XIX, when the Industrial Revolution techniques favored
further consumption and cheapened cost. Soon, tea and coffee were moving to chocolate,
which began to associate with revelers and night owls. Gone were the days when he was
considered divine character, as he wrote Valle-Inclan: "Cocoa language of Anahuac / is gods
bread, or Cacahuac".
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villas such as Il Vittoriale degli Italiani, today a museum, or which occupies the Andr Heller
Foundation, that shows a beautiful botanical garden.
You reach now one of the most forested areas of Garda, where many hiking trails are
proposed. There it is Tignale, famous for its sanctuary hung on a hill, and Limone sul Garda, a
town of Venetians buildings and perfumed by citrus trees.
Thus it reaches Riva del Garda, the northernmost town of the lake and one of the most
beautiful. In which resided the writer D. H. Lawrence whom besides finding there the
inspiration for several of his books, he left said that 'the Garda is beautiful as the beginning of
creation.' In Riva abound classical mansions, restaurants bordering the lake and hikers that
based routes to the nearby Alps.
It now falls to the east bank until Malcesine, town that the painter Gustav Klimt immortalized
in 1913. It crowds around the Scaligero castle, which includes a room dedicated to Goethe
who mentions it in his Voyage to Italy (1813). A cable climbs up Mount Baldo (1 760 m), with
one of the best views over the Garda.
The relaxing coastal walk passes near of the Punta San Virgilio, one of the most charming
corners of the lake, and ends in Bardolino. This town also is an excellent gastronomic stage to
enjoy the bardolino wines, marinated perfectly with Garda region cheeses.
MORE INFORMATION
Getting there and around: From Spain fly to Milan (Lombardy), from where trains leave to
Sirmione (137 km). Verona (Veneto) is 42 km away and Trento (Trentino), 127 km. It is best
to rent a car to travel freely around the area.
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Nancy Snchez to Alvaro: Hello Alvaro, the text translation is excellent, I observed
excellent use of time in the sentences . Very good work!!!
B.
When falls the sunset we approach the so-called Avenue of the Baobabs, near to the city. The
slanting light of evening shadows lengthen and beauty the red trunks, while a cart moving on
the road. "I came from Tokyo just to see this," Japanese confesses me with emotion tears. A
few steps, a few baobabs entwine their trunks: the lovers tree.
About 200 kilometers North Morondava its found Tsingy of Bemaraha, park. Its like a
haunted forest of stone, with sharp limestone that also populate the Ankarana reserve in the
North. Here we must be careful with the fady, the Malagasy word for taboo and indicating, for
example, you should never point a tomb with your finger.
Madagascar is a large island you learn as you go devouring kilometers. In my journey towards
south, herds of zebu and Malagasy shepherds, wrapped in colors blankets, foreshadow the
arrival in Ambositra. In this city jams pousse-pousses are repeated, but there is also a special
agitation as Savika parties are held. We followed the crowd to a stadium where young people
compete trying to mount threatening zebu horns.
A few kilometers farther, around Fianarantsoa this are an ideal place for trekking through rice
fields and small villages field. But it is in the gorges of Isalo Park with lakes and waterfalls,
where the view ring-tailed lemurs bring me back to Madagascar dreamed. Improvised
settlements seekers sapphires, the gold fever Madagascan preceding more later the return of
baobabs in the region Tulear, a population that has sandy beaches and restaurants serving
steak flavored zebu with spices on the island especially vanilla.
A few days later we flew toward north,to the island of Nosy Be, where tropical vegetation
surrounds beaches where the fish, the lobster and black coral abound. In the east coast of
Madagascar there is other similar paradise in Sainte-Marie Island with palm fringed beaches
and crystal waters.
To come back to land, we follow the north coast by taxi-brousse to Diego Suarez, a city where
left a mark French colonial presence. It was here the pirates founded in the seventeenth
century, the utopian republic of Libertalia. "The spoils were divided equally," Patrick tells me,
"but did not have the local population. One day down the Madagascan Mountains they ended
up with everything and all Long ago there is nothing of that ephemeral pirate republic, but
on the main street of Diego Suarez a painted recalls the utopia that reined in the north of this
island dream
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Nancy Snchez to Andrea: Hi Andrea, I think the translation that you have prepared the text:
road for the paradise of gigant trees singular animals, and choral beaches, is correct, the
intention of the text is understood and translated sentences are following the rules.
Happy day!!
Archaeologists had to work under pressure. The architectural remains of the house were
removed by "public utility reasons". Such was the urgency that the engineer responsible for
monitoring and documentation of excavations, Domenico Marchetti, complained in June 1879
could not ensure the accuracy his planimetries; since the ancient walls were demolished
before he could take action or take position. The only thing that was decided to keep was the
decorative elements: frescoes, stucco and mosaics. Some were lost especially geometric
mosaics in black and white and others were stolen or sold to art dealers who settled along the
excavations to bribe the workers. But most of the paintings were relocated nearly Botanic
Garden, to be taken in 1889 to its final destination at the Termas of Diocletian, the first seat of
the Roman National Museum.
The curiosity was resolved about the paintings had risen from the beginning. In September
1879, an admired journalist of La Stampa wrote: "It is a very special work, curious, made
with great skill and patience. Each of those fresh, just is ripped from the walls, you take like a
cloth, matches, cleaned and placed in a frame. So many beautiful pictures are formed. I've
seen a few framed and I can say that had never been presented before the eyes such a
beautiful thing. "
It is believed that this splendid villa was built by Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa around 21 B.C.,
when married Julia, daughter of Augustus. It stood in Trastevere, mainly occupied by artisan
shops and department stores such as wine deposits which were in 1880 in the vicinity of the
villa. Although it was not a popular residential area as the nearby slope of the Janiculum or
the Vatican area, the Latin sources put it other famous villas, such as Clodia, lover poet
Catullus, or Cassius Longinus, one of the murderers Caesar, as well as the beautiful gardens
of the dictator, the Caesariani horti, connected to the heart of the city by a bridge built by the
same Agrippa.
Luxury by the Tiber
Domenico Marchetti Watercolors and Rodolfo Lanciani report are the only surviving evidence
of the architecture of the villa. It was a residence along the Tiber, overlooking to the field of
Marte and a scenographic architecture composed of two arranged on both sides of a large
exedra symmetrical bodies. The paintings decorated nine rooms of the winter wing: three
bedrooms, the couch or dining room, the lobby, the entrance a hallway (cryptoporticus)
communicating with the servants' quarters, the garden and the inner hall of the central exedra.
The quality of the paintings, the amount of detail and the decorative dependent on the
function spaces and social status of people who had access to them. Thus, the environments in
which the boss received her clientele had a more austere decor while those who welcomed his
guests containing the richest and elaborate paintings. These frescoes are preserved today
exposed in the Palazzo Massimo alle Terme, in rooms that recreate the original floor of the
house.
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When I read your translation, I observe that your the text has overall consistency, you have
done a good job. When we read texts such as those proposed in this forum we know about the
history of places and situations that have given rise to new projects in history for benefit of
society.
METHOD
STRATEGY
TECHNIQUE
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didactic. (Cervantes)
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the
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unconscious,
verbal or nonverbal)
used by the translator to
solve problems that
emerge when carrying
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the
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