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Category Archives: Marine Electrical Technology

AC Generator Working Principle and Parts

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A3phaseacgeneratoriscalledanAlternator.LikeaDCgenerator,italsoconsistsoftwowindings
namely,(1)FieldWinding(2)ArmatureWinding.

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However,unlikeinaDCGenerator,itspolesareonrotorandarmaturewindingisonstator.

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Field Winding
ThefieldwindingonpolesrequiresDCcurrentwhichissuppliedbyusingapairofslipringsonthe
shaftandapairofstationarycarbonbrushes.Thenumberofpolesisalwayseven.Allthepolesare
identicalandsymmetricallyfittedontherotorwithalternatepolaritiesi.e.,aNorthpole
isfollowedbyaSouthpolewhichinturnisfollowedbyanotherNorthpoleandsoon.

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Armature Winding
Thestatorismadeupofthinlaminationsofalloy.Laminatedstructureisusedtoreducemagnetic
lossesandalsotoobtainconvenienceintheconstruction.Theselaminations(alsoknownas
stampings)havebeenpunchedaroundtheinternalperipherytoproduceslots.Copperwindingsare
placedintheseslots.ItisknownasArmatureWindingandStatorWinding.Itisathreephase
windinggenerallyinstar.Allthethreeterminalsofthestarconnection,including
thefourthterminaltheneutralarebroughtoutintheterminalboxofthemachine.

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Thegeneratorisdrivenbyitsengineinthecorrectdirectionatitsratedspeed(RPM).DCField
currentisthensuppliedtoitsfieldwindingthroughthebrushandslipringarrangements.Thepoles

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producesufficientlystrongmagneticflux.Sincethepolesarerotating,themagneticfieldisalso
rotating.Thearmaturewindingsinthestatorwindingscutthefluxoftherotatingpoles.Therefore
electricpowerisproducedinthestatorwinding.Notethatthefrequencyoftheelectricpoweriskept
constantat50Hz(orat60Hz)bykeepingthegeneratorspeedconstant.

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