Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Department of Construction
22
Group Member:
Submission Date:
CONTENT
OBJECTIVE
P.3
APPARATUS
P.3
TESTING PROCEDURES
P.7
RESULT CALCULATION
P.12
CBE 3028 Steelwork Design | Laboratory Report
Department of Construction
22
CONCLUSION
P.20
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the behavior of failure about bolted connection with steel splice under
tensile force.
By testing with three set-ups, understand the failure mode of them.
After obtaining data from experiment, compare between it and theoretical value from
calculation.
APPARATUS
Tensile Test Machine
Grade 8.8 M10 bolts
Ordinary bolts are in three strength grades in
BS4190:2001 as specified below:
1. Grade S355 steel main plates of 16 mm
thick.
2. Grade S275 steel cover plates of 6 mm
thick.
CBE 3028 Steelwork Design | Laboratory Report
Department of Construction
22
Department of Construction
22
Department of Construction
22
TESTING PROCEDURES
1.
Assemble the steel connections as indicate in the diagrams of setup no.1 to no. 3
Set-up No.1 : 2 bolts with 1 bolt at each side, double 12 mm cover plates
Set-up No.2 : 4 bolts with 2 bolts at each side, double 12 mm cover plates
Set-up No.3 : 8 bolts with 4 bolts at each side, double 12 mm cover plates.
Department of Construction
2.
22 type of failure.
Use testing machine to illustrate each
Department of Construction
22
Department of Construction
22
Department of Construction
22
3. At the moment of failure happen, the failed elements appear so that one testing
is completed. Repeat the steps until all set-ups are done.
RESULT CALCULATION
SET UP NO. 1
10
Department of Construction
22
bearing
capacity of Plate
Pbs=k bs d t p pbs
Pbs=0.5 k bs e t p p bs
Pbs=1.5 I c t p U s 2.0 d t p U b
2
2
For S 355, pbs =550 N /mm , U s=510 N /mm
For Standard hole , k bs =1.0 , d=10 mm , t p=16 mm , e=35 mm
Pbs=( 1.0 ) ( 10 ) (16 )( 510 ) ( 103 ) =88 kN
Pbs=( 0.5 ) ( 1.0 ) ( 35 ) (16) ( 550 ) ( 103 ) =154 kN
Connection part capacity=88 kN per bolt
Two bolts capacity =2 x 88=176 kN
CBE 3028 Steelwork Design | Laboratory Report
11
Department of Construction
Strength
of Plates
For Main Plates
Gross Area=( 65 ) ( 16 )=1040 mm2
p y strength=355 N /mm2 (t <16 mm)
2
A e =( 1.1 )( 16 )( 6512 )=932.8 mm
Pt =( 355 )( 932.8 ) ( 103 ) =331.14 kN
22
Bearing capacity of set-up No. 1 will be governed by connecting part of cover plate at
176 kN or shear of bolt at 120 kN.
12
Department of Construction
SET UP NO. 2
22
bearing
capacity of Main PlateCover Plate
For Main Plate
Pbs=k bs d t p pbs
Pbs=0.5 k bs e t p p bs
Pbs=1.5 I c t p U s 2.0 d t p U b
2
2
For S 355, pbs =550 N /mm , U s=510 N /mm
For Standard hole , k bs =1.0 , d=10 mm , t p=16 mm , e=35 mm
I c =351 2=23 mm
Pbs=( 1.0 ) ( 10 ) (16 )( 510 ) ( 103 ) =88 kN
Pbs=( 0.5 ) ( 1.0 ) ( 35 ) (16) ( 550 ) ( 103 ) =154 kN
Pbs=( 1.5 ) ( 60 ) (12 )( 510 ) ( 103 )=281.5 kN
CBE 3028 Steelwork Design | Laboratory Report
13
Department of Construction
(2.0)(60)(12)( 800)(103)=256 kN 22
For Cover Plate
For S 275, p bs =460 N /mm2 , U s=430 N /mm2
For Standard hole , k bs=1.0 , d=10 mm , t p=1 2 mm ,e=35 mm
I c =351 2=23 mm
Pbs=( 1.0 ) ( 10 ) (1 2 ) ( 510 ) ( 103 )=55.2 kN
Pbs=( 0.5 ) ( 1.0 ) ( 35 ) (12) ( 550 ) ( 103 )=96.6 kN
Pbs=( 1.5 ) ( 35 ) (12 ) ( 430 ) ( 103 ) =178.02 kN
(2.0)(23)(12)( 800)(103 )=192 kN
Connection part capacity=55.2 kN per bolt
Two bolts capacity =2 x 55.2=100.4 kN
Strength
of Plates
For Main Plates
Gross Area=( 65 ) ( 16 )=1040 mm2
2
p y strength=355 N /mm (t <16 mm)
A e =( 1.1 )( 16 )( 6512 )=932.8 mm2
Pt =( 355 )( 932.8 ) ( 103 ) =331.14 kN
For Cover Plates
14
Department of Construction
SET UP NO. 3
22
bearing
capacity of Main PlateCover Plate
For Main Plate
Pbs=k bs d t p pbs
Pbs=0.5 k bs e t p p bs
Pbs=1.5 I c t p U s 2.0 d t p U b
2
2
For S 355, pbs =550 N /mm , U s=510 N /mm
For Standard hole , k bs =1.0 , d=10 mm , t p=16 mm , e=35 mm
I c =351 2=23 mm
Pbs=( 1.0 ) ( 10 ) (16 )( 510 ) ( 103 ) =88 kN
15
Department of Construction
Pbs=( 0.5 ) ( 1.0 ) ( 35 ) (16) ( 550 ) ( 103 ) =15422
kN
3
Pbs=( 1.5 ) ( 60 ) (12 )( 510 ) ( 10 )=281.5 kN
(2.0)(60)(12)( 800)(103)=256 kN
For Cover Plate
For S 275, p bs =460 N /mm2 , U s=430 N /mm2
For Standard hole , k bs=1.0 , d=10 mm , t p=1 2 mm ,e=35 mm
I c =351 2=23 mm
Pbs=( 1.0 ) ( 10 ) (1 2 ) ( 510 ) ( 103 )=55.2 kN
Pbs=( 0.5 ) ( 1.0 ) ( 35 ) (12) ( 550 ) ( 103 )=96.6 kN
Pbs=( 1.5 ) ( 35 ) (12 ) ( 430 ) ( 103 ) =178.02 kN
(2.0)(23)(12)( 800)(103 )=192 kN
Connection part capacity=55.2 kN per bolt
Two bolts capacity =2 x 55.2=100.4 kN
Strength
of Plates
For Main Plates
Gross Area=( 65 ) ( 16 )=1040 mm2
p y strength=355 N /mm2 (t <16 mm)
A e =( 1.1 )( 16 )( 6512 )=932.8 mm2
Pt =( 355 )( 932.8 ) ( 103 ) =331.14 kN
For Cover Plates
16
Department of Construction
22mode for each set-up
Summary of the failure
17
Department of Construction
22
18
Department of Construction
22
DISCUSSION
There are three mode of failure for the bolt connection: shear failure, crushing of
cover plate and tension failure. These modes are indicated by picture as below.
Normally, depends on the thickness of cover plate, the failure always happened to the
cover plate first, which is not exceed around 15 mm because the bolt has the fixed
capacity of bearing and shearing. Once that thickness of the plate is insufficient,
crushing or shearing failure will happened, but it will not appear simultaneously. For
tension failure, rupture is found on the plate because the bolt capacity is greater than
the cover plate because of 8 bolts, so that it dominates the failure of the connection.
Below is a summary of the test with comparison between calculations and
practical
Set-up
No.
Mix load
applied
(kN)
Failure mode
Findings
Theoretical
Calculation Result
19
Department of Construction
179.65 kN
84.72 kN
186.78 kN
Shear failure 22
Cover plates
crushed
Shear failure
No founding.
Shear failure of
bolts at 88.35 kN.
Tension failure
Tension failure of
cover plate at
137.94 kN.
To compared between the theoretical result and experimental result, they are quite
near, but the failure values are always bigger than the theoretical value, this is because
the materials has ultimate failure point. After reaching yield point, the material still
not going to fail immediately but it is not elastic anymore so that the shape is going to
deform so that the value could be enhance a little.
20
Department of Construction
22
No perfect testing in the world, errors must exist come with experiment but we could
only minimize them. Here are some possible errors.
1.
The bearing of the bolt may not exactly effectively contact with the cover
plate because of corrosion.
2.
The material may has metal fatigue because of long time storage.
3.
The contact area between steel splice and the machine, which is relative
minor.
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR IMPROVEMENT
1.
2.
3.