FinalExamBiology2014

Thisisagoodcoreofknowledgetoreviewbeforethefinals.Goodluck!
Chapter3(Ecology)
Whatisthedifferencebetweenafoodwebandafoodchain?
Defineeachofthefollowingterms
producer
consumer
biogeochemicalcycle
habitat
niche

Explainthedifferencebetweenapopulationandacommunity
Howmuchenergyislostineverystepuptheenergypyramid.
KnowthelevelsoftheVshapedPyramidofEcology
Chapter4(Ecology)
Explainthedifferencebetweenbioticandabioticfactors.Knowexamplesofeach.
Explainthedifferencebetweenprimaryandsecondarysuccession.Whichtypeofsuccession
wouldoccurifstartingfromvolcanicrock?
Chapter5(Ecology)
Whathappenstoapopulationsizewhenthebirthanddeathratesareequal?
Whatisexponentialgrowth?Logisticgrowth?Knowgraphsofeach.
Knowwhatdifferentshapedpopulationpyramidslooklike(growing,declining,etc.)
Chapter6(HumanImpact)
Whatisbiodiversity?
Knowthatcoal,oilandnaturalgasarefossilfuelswhichformedfromdecayedplants.They
releasecarbondioxidewhenburned.
Knowthathumansareaffectingthecarboncyclebyusinglaborsavingdevices,burningfossil
fuelsanddestroyingvegetationwhichabsorbscarbondioxide.
Chapter15(Evolution)
Definethetermadaptation
Knowthatnaturalselectiononlyactsonphenotypesthatareexpressed
Whatarehomologousstructures?Givetwoexamples.
Whatarevestigialstructures?Givetwoexamples.
Knowthatscientistlookatnucleotidesequencestohelpdetermineevolutionaryrelationships
Knowthatorganismswellsuitedtotheirenvironmentreproduceatagreaterratethanorganisms
whoarelesswellsuitedtheirenvironment.
Chapter16(Evolution)
Definethetermgenepool.
Explainthedifferencebetween,directionalselection,disruptiveselectionandstabilizing
selection.
Knowthemovementofallelesintooroutofapopulationduetomigrationiscalledgeneflow.
Knowthatevolutioncouldnothappenwithoutgeneticvariationwithinaspecies.
Knowthatnaturalselectioncauseschangesintheallelefrequencyofapopulation.
Chapter17(Evolution)
Knowtheconceptofageoftheearth.
RememberMillerandUreysexperiment

Knowhowmulticellularlifeevolved
Reviewthepatternsofevolution

Chapter35(NervousSystem)
Drawandlabelapictureofaneuron
Whatisthefunctionofthemyelinsheath?
Explainthedifferencebetweenthecentralandperipheralnervoussystems.
Whatareneurotransmitters?Wherearetheyreleased?
Explainthedifferencebetweensensoryandmotorneurons.
Knowthatafteranactionpotential,thesodiumpotassiumpumphelpstorestoretheresting
potential.
Knowthattheeffectsofnervoussignalslastforashortertimethentheeffectofhormones.
Chapter36(SkeletalandMuscularSystems)
Knowfunctionsofbones
Knownamesofsomemajorbones
Knowthekindsofjointsintheskeleton
Knowthefunctionsofmuscles
Knowsomemajormuscles
Chapter37(CirculatorySystem)
Whatisthefunctionofredbloodcells?
Whatisthefunctionofwhitebloodcells?
Knowthepartsofaheart
Knowthepathofblood
Knowarteries,veins,capillariesandtheirfunctions
Chapter38(DigestiveSystem)
Knowhowthebodydigestsmechanicallyandchemically
Knowtheorgansofdigestion
Chapter39(EndocrineandReproductiveSystem)
Knowthatdiabetescausesincreasedbloodsugarlevels
Knowthatthepancreasplaysamajorroleinmaintainproperbloodglucoselevels.
Knowthatlowlevelsofbloodsugarcausesthepancreastoreleaseglucagon
Knowthathormonesareessentialtomaintaininghomeostasisbecausetheycausespecific
responsesinspecificcells.
Knowthatindiabetesmellitus,eventhoughthebloodglucoselevelsmaybehigh,thecellsdo
notreceivetheglucose.
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ReviewforBodySystemsTestnextTuesday
Chapter35:neurons,axon,dendrite,synapse,nerveimpulse(severalparts),reflexes,lobesofbrain,
cerebellum,brainstem
Chapter36:skeleton(humerus,radius,ulna,femur,tibia,fibula,patella,phalanges,ribs,vertebrae),
joints(hinge,ballandsocket,pivot,saddle,immovable),muscletypes(smoothskeletal,cardiac),
howamusclecontracts,allthemusclesweidentifiedonthehandout(thereareabout15),the
MusclesPullingBoneshandout,layersofskintwokindsofglandsinskin
Chapter37:functionsofCirculatorySystem,flowofblood(memorizethoseparts!),typesofvesselsand
theirdifferences(arteries,veins,capillaries),howpulserelatedtoactivity,partsofblood(plasma,red
cells,whitecells,platelets),functionsofRespiratorySystem,lungs,alveoli,gassesexchangedand
howgasexchangehappens,howCO2controlsbreathingrate(fromlab)
Chapter38:Definecalorie,definenutrient,knowthreenutrientspluswater,knowwhyweneedvitamins
andminerals(dontneedtostudyeachone),knowpartsofDigestiveSystem(allpartswelabeled),
functionofliverandpancreas,partsofUrinarySystem,kidneys,nephrons,thetwoactionsofurine
formation(filtrationandreabsorption),andthedryurinelab

Chapter39:Glandsandhormonesonthehandout,steroidandnonsteroids,controlofhormones(Fig39
4),reproductivepartsfromthehandoutandtheirfunctionsandcorrespondingpartsontheother
gender.
Oldgoldcoinsaremyfavorite!hahahahahahahaha