Requerimientos Alimenticios para Vacas Multiproposito

ALI M E NTACI N
DE
LA VACA
DE
D O B L E
P R O P O S I T O
Tabla R I
R e q u e r i m i e n t o s de las Vacas L e c h e r a s ( N R C , 1989)
EM
PC
Ca
(Mcal)
(g)
(g)
(g)
Mantenimiento de una vaca adulta*

Peso (kg);
400
12.0
318
16
11
500
14.2
364
20
14
600
16.3
406
24
17
Mantenimiento m s dos ltimos meses

de gestacin
Peso:
400
15.3
890
26
16
500
18.0
1053
33
20
600
20.7
1207
39
24
Produccin de leche (por kg)

Grasa (%):
3.0
1.07
78
2.73
4.0
1.24
90
3.21
1.98
5.0
1.40
101
3.69
2.28
-8.25
-320
8.55
320
1.68
C a m b i o de peso en la lactancia
Prdida de 0.5 kg/da
G a n a n c i a de 0.5 kg/da
* Incrementar los requerimientos de mantenimiento de todos"los nutrientes en 20% para

vacas de primerparto y en 10% para vacas de segundo parto. Incrementar los requerimientos
energticos de mantenimiento en 20 % en animales en pastoreo.
177
T A B L A S
Tabla R2
R e q u e r i m i e n t o s de Vacas L e c h e r a s
( C a l c u l a d o s de la Tabla R l )
a.
Vacas adultas en pastoreo y sin variar de peso

Peso 4 0 0 kg
Peso 500 kg
Prod.
Grasa
leche
leche
Consumo
EM
PC
Ca
Consumo
EM
PC
Ca
(%)
kg MS
Meal
kg MS
Meal
7.2
8.6
17.7
18.7
19.4
20.0
890
630
678
722
26
27
29
8.0
9.6
31
16
18
19
20
20.8
21.3
22.0
22.6
1053
676
724
768
33
31
33
35
20
21
22
23
20.8
21.8
22.8
786
858
924
32
35
38
21
23
24
10.4
23.4
24.4
25.4
832
904
970
36
39
42
24
26
28
27
30
32
(kg/dia)
Seca, final
de gestacin
4
3
4
5
6
3
4
5
9.4
3
4
5
10.1
23.0 942
24.3 1038
25.6 1126
38
42
46
24
27
29
11.2
25.6
26.9
28.2
988
1084
1172
42
46
50
10
3
4
5
10.8
25.1 1098
26.8 1218
28.4 1328
43 28
48 31
53 34
12.0
27.7
29.4
31.0
1144
1264
1374
47 31
52 34
57 37
12
3
4
5
11.5
27.2 1254
29.3 1398
31.2 1530
49
55
60
31
35
38
12.8
29.8
31.9
33.8
1300
1444
1576
53 34
59 38
64 41
14
3
4
5
12.2
29.4 1410
31.8 1578
34.0 1732
54
61
68
35
39
43
13.6
32.0
34.4
36.6
1456
1624
1778
58
65
72
16
3
4
5
13.0
31.5 1566
34.2 1758
36.8 1934
60
67
75
38
43
47
14.4
34.1
36.4
1612
1804
39.4
1980
64 41
71 46
79 50
3
4
5
13.7
33.7 1722
36.6 1938
39.2 2136
65
74
82
41
47
52
15.2
36.3
39.3
42.2
1768
1984
2182
18
178
69
78
86
38
42
46
45
50
55
ALIMENTACIN
b.
DE
LAVACA
DE
D O B L E
P R O P O S I T O
Vacas de segundo parto en pastoreo y ganando 0.5 kg/da

Peso 400 kg
Prod.
Grasa
leche
leche Consumo
(kg/da) (%)
kg MS
EM PC
Meal g
Peso 500 kg
Ca
g
P
g
Consumo
kg MS
EM
Meal
16
8.0
20.8
9.6
PC
g
Ca
g
P
g
1053
33
20
Seca, final
de j'estacin
7.2
17.7
8.6
10
12
14
16
18
890
26
28.5
982
29
19
31.3
1032
33
22
29.2
1030
30
20
32.0
1080
35
23
29.8
1074
33
21
32.6
1124
37
24
30.6
1138
34
22
33.4
1188
38
25
31.6
1210
37
24
34.4
1260
41
27
32.6
1276
40
25
35.4
1326
44
29
9.4
10.4
32.8
1294
40
25
35.6
1344
44
28
34.1
1390
44
28
36.9
1440
48
31
35.4
1478
48
30
38.2
1528
52
33
10.1
11.2
34.9
1450
45
29
37.7
1500
49
32
36.6
1570
50
32
39.4
1620
54
35
38.2
1680
55
35
41.0
1730
59
38
35
10.8
12.0
37.0
1606
51
32
39.8
1656
55
39.1
1750
57
36
41.9
1800
61
39
41.0
1882
62
39
43.8
1932
66
42
11.5
12.8
39.2
1762
56
36
42.0
1812
60
39
41.6
1930
63
40
44.4
1980
67
43
43.8
2084
70
44
46.6
2134
74
47
12.2
13.6
41.3
1918
62
39
44.1
1968
66
42
44.0
2110
69
44
46.4
2160
73
47
46.6
2286
77
48
49.4
2336
81
51
13.0
14.4
43.5
2074
67
42
46.3
2124
71
46
46.4
2290
76
48
49.3
2340
80
51
49.0
2488
84
53
52.2
2538
88
56
13.7
15.2
179
T A B L A S
Tabla R 3
R e q u e r i m i e n t o s de h e m b r a s y machos en c r e c i m i e n t o
(NRC,1989)
Becerros
Peso
Ganancia
Consumo MS
EM
PC
Ca
(kg)
(g/da)
#)
(Mcal)
(g)
(g)
(g)
45
300
0.54
2.86
120
100
400
2.24
6.00
359
16
2.63
17
3.03
7.03
7.89
421
150
600
400
485
18
10
600
3.51
9.14
562
19
11
200
400
3.81
9.66
521
18
13
600
4.39
11.14
631
20
14
400
4.63
11.41
548
19
15
600
5.31
13.10
637
22
16
300
400
5.46
13.13
656
21
15
6.26
6.37
15.05
14.84
752
350
600
400
23
22
17
16
600
7.29
7.32
17.01
16.62
874
24
24
18
300
600
8.39
19.03
1007
450
300
8.36
18.43
1004
25
27
600
9.59
21.12
1151
28
500
300
9.53
20.32
1142
27
19
600
10.93
23.32
1311
28
20
400
2.47
6.60
395
16
800
2.80
7.48
448
18
10
400
800
3.21
8.49
513
18
11
3.60
9.52
576
20
12
400
3.97
10.30
20
14
800
4.43
11.48
636
709
22
15
400
4.74
12.04
659
22
16
800
5.27
13.37
778
24
17
400
5.53
13.74
658
24
18
800
6.13
15.22
771
25
19
400
6.34
15.42
762
25
19
800
7.02
17.06
843
26
20
400
7.20
17.11
864
25
20
Hembras
250
400
763
879
17
19
17
19
Machos
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
180
'
ALIMENTACIN
D E L A VACA D E D O B L E P R O P O S I T O
(Continuacin...)
Peso
Ganancia
Consumo MS
EM
PC
Ca
(kg)
(g/da)
(g)
(Mcal)
(g)
(g)
(g)
800
955
26
21
400
7.96
8.10
18.91
450
18.81
972
28
20
29
9.05
20.78
20.54
1074
500
800
400
1088
28
21
20
800
10.00
22.69
1201
29
21
550
400
10.09
22.32
1209
28
20
800
11.14
24.66
1336
29
21
400
11.18
24.17
1342
28
20
800
12.36
26.71
1483
29
21
600
8.95
181
T A B L A S
Tabla R4
C o n t e n i d o a p r o x i m a d o de n u t r i e n t e s en la MS de las dietas
Vacas*
Vacas B e c e r r o s L e v a n t e (hembras y machos)
Produccin de leche (kg/da) S e c a s ,
Pesos (kg)**
7
14
preadas
150
250
400
EM (Mcal/kg)
PC (%)
2.35
12
2.53
15
2.04
12
3.78
22
2.60
17
2.47
12
2.27
12
Ca (%)
0.43
0.51
0.39
0.70
0.52
0.41
0.29
P (%)
0.28
0.33
0.24
0.60
0.31
0.30
0.23
M g (%)
0.20
0.20
0.16
0.07
0.16
0.16
0.16
N a (%)
0.18
0.18
0.10
0.10
0.10
.10
0.10
N a Cl (Sal, %)
0.46
0.46
0.25
0.25
0.25
.25
0.25
S (%)
Fe (mg/kg)
C o (mg/kg)
0.20
50
0.10
0.20
50
0.10
0.16
50
0.10
0.29
100
0.10
0.16
50
0.10
.16
0
0.10
0.16
50
0.10
Cu (mg/kg)
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
M n (mg/kg)
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
Zn (mg/kg)
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
I (mg/kg)
0.60
0.60
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
Se (mg/kg)
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30.
0.30
0.30
0.30
* Vacas en produccin de 400 kg de peso, 5 % de grasa en la leche y ganando 0.22 kg/da,

** Levante: animales en crecimiento ganando 700 g/da.
182
ALIMENTACIN
D E LA VACA DE D O B L E P R O P O S I T O
Tabla A l
C O M P O S I C I N D E LOS A L I M E N T O S
En base seca
Materia prima
MS
EM
PC
Ca
(%)
(Mcal/kg)
(%)
(%)
(%)
Ajonjol, harina
92
3.18
46.8
3.18
1.05
Alemn,
32 d
17
2.10
11.4
0.68
0.52
41 d
2.03
10.3
0.68
0.44
48 d
18
19
2.00
9.1
0.68
0.36
55 d
20
1.94
8.9
0.68
0.28
41.4
2.39
0.19
34.0
1.23
0.20
1.09
91
1.09
4.8
28.3
0.15
0.73
Algodn, h a r i n a 9 2
2.56
h + cascarilla
93
cascarilla
0.150.12
semilla
93
3.68
32 d
45 d
23
2.17
9.7
0.63
0.17
25
2.03
7.1
0.40
0.15
56 d
26
1.79
5.5
0.40
0.12
Arachis pintoi (hojas)
24
2.20
15.5
1.77
0.18
Arroz,
pulidura
89
3.27
14.3
0.18
1.19
paja
89
1.29
3.5
0.29
grano
90
3.13
9.8
0.23
0.36
0.34
cascarilla
91
0.72
4.2
0.13
0.09
81
1.89
1.72
22.6
40
28.7
2.43
7.08
1.75
2.03
92
3.78
84.0
0.22
0.22
Angleton,
Aves, c a m a de pollos
estircol ponedoras
h plumas hidrolizada
Bermuda,
22 d
26
2.22
13.1
0.43
0.25
30 d
27
2.10
12.4
0.43
0.24
39 d
27
2.03
11.7
0.43
0.23
46 d
28
1.84
11.5
0.43
0.23
53 d
29
1.84
11.3
0.43
0.20
60 d
30
1.77
10.6
0.43
0.19
23
2.17
10.9
0.63
0.32
25
1.96
5.6
0.63
0.17
Brach. ruziziensis, j o v e n
madura
183
T A B L A S
(Continuacin...)
En base seca
Materia prima
Brach. Brizantha, j o v e n
madura
Buriel,
MS
EM
PC
Ca
(%)
(Mcal/kg)
(%)
(%)
(%)
22
2.13
11.4
30
1.84
4.0
25
16
2.25
17.3
0.37
0.48
32
39
d
d
18
2.08
0.37
0.44
20
2.06
13.7
11.4
0.37
0.38
46
0.37
0.31
1.98
1.89
9.0
53
22
25
8.0
0.37
0.28
Cacao, cascara
92
1.43
7.0
0.42
0.20
Caf, pulpa
37
1.56
10.8
1.14
0.24
Caa,
bagacillo
68
0.96
1.5
0.15
0.12
bagazo
cogollo
94
34
0.79
1.5
0.04
1.82
5.3
0.76
0.02
0.21
melaza
73
2.70
3.1
0.88
0.12
planta entera
23
2.22
3.0
0.35
0.30
92
3.20
31.0
0.16
0.46
Capin m e l a o , 21 d
25
2.17
8.5
0.41
0.30
28 d
26
7.7
27
7.0
0.41
0.41
0.21
50 d
2.13
1.91
Carne, harina
93
2.94
57.1
8.49
4.31
Carne-hueso, harina
93
3.08
54.4
14.18
6.55
C e n t r o s e m a pubescens
20
1.90
23.6
1.03
0.41
Cervecera, nepe
21
1.94
27.9
0.33
0.38
93
2.89
48.3
0.14
1.54
Ctricas, p u l p a
89
2.96
8.3
1.87
0.02
C o c o , torta
94
2.75
23.2
0.23
0.66
Canavalia, grano
0.12
>
levadura
Elefante,
Estrella,
184
56 d
19
2.13
8.7
0.36
0.22
63 d
20
2.01
8.3
0.36
0.20
31 d
26
1.98
11.4
0.64
0.27
ALIMENTACIN
DE
LAVACA
DE
D O B L E
P R O P O S I T O
(Continuacin...)
En base seca
Materia prima
MS
EM
PC
Ca
(%)
(Mcal/kg)
(%)
(%)
(%)
45 d
28
1.89
7.5
0.64
0.16
Gliricidia sepium
25
2.17
23.8
1.96
0.29
Guinea,
21 d
18
2.27
17.1
0.54
0.41
28 d
19
2.22
15.5
0.54
0.40
35 d
42 d
19
22
2.06
1.98
12.4
10.9
0.54
0.54
0.39
0.37
49 d
56 d
25
27
1.96
1.91
9.8
0.54
8.8
0.54
0.35
0.34
Hueso, harina
95
0.26
22.8
27.20
12.40
Kikuyo,
22 d
17
2.32
17.0
0.65
0.40
42 d
19
2.13
15.0
0.59
0.32
64 d
22
1.67
10.2
0.53
0.25
Leucaena leucocephala
26
2.13
24.2
1.04
0.29
Leche, suero
3.01
13.6
0.63
0.62
descremada
92
94
2.55
34.4
1.26
0.98
deshidratada
93
3.97
29.7
2.78
0.27
27
8.5
0.19
89
2.20
3.51
8.8
0.07
0.22
0.37
Maz, ensilaje
grano
Man,
h. de residuos
90
3.44
11.6
0.05
0.30
paja
75
1.36
6.0
0.39
0.04
tusa
80
1.51
3.0
0.02
0.02
cascara
90
0.60
9.4
0.34
0.06
harina
94
2.82
56.7
0.26
0.64
heno
91
2.13
9.7
1.23
0.17
Morera, hojas
34
2.40
14.2
3.08
0.38
Palma africana, palmiste
92
2.92
15.7
0.31
0.58
Pangla,
22 d
20
2.27
11.4
0.61
0.40
31 d
23
2.10
10.2
0.61
0.26
45 d
26
2.08
10.0
0.61
0.22
185
T A B L A S
(Continuacin...)
En base seca
Materia prima
Para,
MS
(%)
EM
(Mcal/kg)
PC
(%)
Ca
(%)
P
(%)
0.44
31 d
19
2.01
15.0
0.48
38 d
19
1.96
13.2
0.48
0.44
45 d
21
1.96
10.6
0.48
0.40
52 d
23
1.94
9.7
24
1.86
8.5
0.48
0.48
0.39
59 d
92
3.47
60.1
6.21
3.93
91
3.32
60.1
8.68
3.69
Pltano, hoja
75
2.13
12.5
0.51
0.19
Q u i n c h o n c h o , follaje
24
2.08
23.6
0.89
0.24
Rhodes,
Pescado, harina
visceras
22 d
22
2.37
14.7
0.47
0.31
35 d
24
2.13
11.5
0.47
0.30
45 d
27
1.96
9.8
0.47
0.28
50 d
28
1.86
7.5
0.47
0.24
83
87
2.90
16.0
0.32
0.16
28.5
0.31
0.27
Samn, fruto
Semilla
Setaria,
0.37
22 d
15
2.10
12.0
0.35
0.32
32 d
42 d
16
2.06
0.35
0.28
17
2.01
11.0
10.5
0.35
0.23
50 d
18
1.96
7.8
0.35
0.20
Sorgo, grano
89
3.35
10.9
0.03
0.28
ensilaje
27
2.03
6.7
0.36
0.18
paja
70
2.22
5.5
0.86
0.17
89
3.39
44.0
0.29
0.65
Soya, harina
Cascarilla
90
2.98
12.1
0.49
0.21
Stylosanthes guianensis
Swazi,
186
24
2.28
16.7
1.55
0.56
28 d
18
2.27
12.3
0.35
0.20
42 d
21
9.3
0.35
0.17
56 d
21
2.15
1.89
7.0
0.35
0.15
ALIMENTACIN
DE
LAVACA
DE
D O B L E
P R O P O S I T O
(Continuacin...)
En base seca
Materia prima
Tomate, residuo proces.

Trigo, afrechillo89
Yuca, harina
23
2.75
100
Urea
Yaragu,
MS
(%)
EM
(Mcal/kg)
2.06
19.1
0
PC
(%)
Ca
(%)
P
(%)
19.2
0.50
0.47
0.62
287
1.17
0
21 d
21
2.13
10.3
0.39
0.20
28 d
42 d
23
2.01
8.9
0.39
0.18
24
1.91
8.0
0.39
0.16
50 d
27
1.84
7.5
0.39
0.14
87
3.06
2.8
0.27
0.16
d: das
187

Requerimientos Alimenticios para Vacas Multiproposito

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Requerimientos Alimenticios para Vacas Multiproposito

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ALI M E NTACI N

Mantenimiento de una vaca adulta*

Mantenimiento m s dos ltimos meses

Produccin de leche (por kg)

* Incrementar los requerimientos de mantenimiento de todos"los nutrientes en 20% para

Vacas adultas en pastoreo y sin variar de peso

Vacas de segundo parto en pastoreo y ganando 0.5 kg/da

* Vacas en produccin de 400 kg de peso, 5 % de grasa en la leche y ganando 0.22 kg/da,

Arachis pintoi (hojas)

Palma africana, palmiste

Tomate, residuo proces.

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