Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Unit-1
As per Indian census, a place became urban if1) it has more than 5000 population, more than 75%
of which are engaged in non-agricultural occupation..
2) Density more than 1000/sq.km.
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Town Planning
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viz;
open space, parks, bazaars, administrative offices, bus stand,
cinema house, etc.
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son of a shopkeeper.
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Main features of Garden City :1. The dwellings for all classes of people should be distributed
about a large central point area in which the public building
would be located.
2. Shopping centre is located on the edge of the town.
3. Industries to be located on the outskirt of the town.
4. City should have maximum population of 30,ooo-35,ooo people
in an area of 1000 acres.
5. City should be surrounded by permanent belt of agricultural
land of 3000-5000 acres.
6. City should have advantages of rural life like fresh air, greenery,
open fields, cottages, etc. and amenities of urban life such as
schools, theaters, hospitals, recreation centers, etc.
He was an American
planner, architect, writer.
urban
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5.
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Unit-2
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Types of Town
Factors affecting one town from another town-
3. Size:-
Stages of Growth of town : As per Sir Patrick Gedde three categery citys
human
marketing centre
educational, etc.
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Methods of external growth : The growth of town can be classified in two waysi. Growth according to Origin:- The growth of town
further divided intoA. Natural growth : Here the town is result of evolution,
Concentric spread
Satellite Growth
Ribbon development
Scattered growth
Satellite growth have following features :i. Satellite town is also a full town in true sense but depends to the
certain extent on the parent city for higher education , employment,
etc.
ii. It is independent in its economic, social and cultural activity.
iii. It is pure residential unit with civic amenities like small shopping
centers, dispensary, primary or nursery school, etc.
iv. Here no industries are developed, hence the people will totally
depend on parent city for workshop work and employment facility.
v. It must me linked with parent city with easy transport facilities like
bus, local trains, etc.
vi. It may or may not consist of zoning.
vii. It is generally situated in an open area beyond green belt of the
parent city.
viii. Its size and development should be controlled and not allowed to
grow more than parent city, otherwise it would grow to become a
rival to the parent city and create problems.
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Methods of external growth :c. Ribbon Development :- In this type development is in the form
Following disadvantages of ribbon development : Everybody wants to take advantage of the frontage of main road.
Therefore the interior is left undeveloped, causing wastage of
valuable land.
Streets become narrow because overcrowding on the road side and
The town spread far and wide which is costly to maintain. So its
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Methods of external growth :B. Planned Growth:- In this type of growth, town develops on
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Methods of external growth : The growth of town can be classified in two waysii.
Methods of external growth : Advantages of horizontal growth:a) It does not require high technical person to plan.
b) It is possible to have roof ventilation and maximum use
of roof lighting.
c) There is lot of economy in space since there is no need
of lift or supporting columns in structure, resulting
economy in cost.
d) Density of population is generally low.
e) The marginal space surrounding the building can be
used for recreational purpose like gardening.
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Methods of external growth : Disadvantages of horizontal growth:a) It requires more land for the same space area.
b) Foundation cost per unit area used is more.
c) It is uneconomical where land is costly.
d) There is absence of group living.
Methods of external growth :A. Vertical growth : In this type city grows
vertically which is done by adding more floors
to the existing buildings or constructing high
rise or multi-storied building .
This type of growth is suitable where the land is
costly.
Advantages of vertical growth:a) Since the foundation is common for number of
floors, the foundation cost per unit area is within
reasonable limit .
b) Because of multi-storied construction, there is lot of
saving in land up to great extent where land is costly.
c) It leaves plenty of land for public amenities like
gardens, playgrounds, etc.
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b)
c)
d)
e)
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Zoning
aspect-
building.
Zoning
Importance of zoning
Zoning is an important adjunct of any town planning.
It plays important role in town planning such way that, the
industrial area is located away from the residential area so
it is not affected by dangerous gases, smoke etc.
Business or commercial areas are also separately located
from residential areas such as residential areas are free
from noise, bustle(heavy movement),etc .
The population is also distributed through out the town by
zoning regulation, so there is no concentration of
population in one particular area.
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Zoning
Importance of zoning
In height zoning area, high rise building will not be
allowed to construct near small houses.
Zoning helps proper co-ordination of various public
amenities like water supply, drainage, electricity,
transport, etc.
In short zoning secures orderly growth of the town,
health, safety, et.
It increases utility, beauty, efficiency of the town in
general.
i.
Use Zoning
ii.
Height Zoning
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4. Civic zone
2. Commercial zone
5. Institutional zone
3. Industrial Zone
6. Recreational zone
Classification of Zoning :-
Residential Zone :- This is the zone where the people of the town live
The buildings coming in this zone are detached single family houses, semi-
telephone, etc
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Classification of Zoning :-
This zone next to the residential zone in importance. Hence great care
should be taken in fixing location of industrial zone.
As a rule; this zone should planned leeward side of the town, so that no
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people.
This contains mainly parks, gardens, cinema hall, community centers, etc.
Classification of Zoning :ii. Height Zoning :- In this method the height of building
is keep in control. It is done by means of height zoning.
There are various methods to control the heights of
high rise building.
In first method, the height of the building is restricted
by the width of the street in front or the minimum width
of space at rear side
Generally in this method, 450 and 63.50, air plane rules
are adopted.
The rule states that no part of the tall building should
cut the plane drawn from the boundary of plot at an
angle of either 450 or 63.50 to the horizontal .
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Height Zoning :-
Classification of Zoning :ii. Height Zoning :- The second method is called bulk
volume method.
i.e.
volume of bldg. = 1/3 x Area x Height
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Classification of Zoning :-
ii.
iii. The ratio of total plot area to the total built up area is
fixed. (FSI)
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Surveys
Surveys
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Surveys
Economic growth
Surveys
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Surveys
Physical survey
ii.
Social survey
Surveys
I.
Physical Survey:b. Land Use:- use of the land / plot specified in the
town. These are further classified as like; residential,
commercial, open spaces, agricultural, watersheds,
vacant, etc
c. Conditions of building :- In this gradation of the
buildings done on its future life, like very good,
good, moderate, poor, very poor.
d. Communication :- Highways connecting to the
town, Railway connectivity, Parking survey, origin &
destiny survey, accident survey, future trends in road
traffic, etc
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Surveys
Surveys
c. Financial
position of local
expenditure, taxation, etc.
authority :-
income,
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Surveys
B. Regional Survey :- The regional survey carried out on
much larger unit than a town called Region which may
consist of number township and villages.
Surveys
D. Civic Survey : This type of survey conducted at local level for
redevelopment scheme, like slum improvement, etc.
Here house to house survey conducted for socioeconomic purpose.
In this survey town planner can make a correct
diagnosis for ills from which town suffering and
prescribe the correct remedies for that.
It is the diagnostic approach enumerated by Sir
Patrick Geddes.
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Unit-2
Housing
community principals.
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Housing
Important points to be considered in the planning of
residential units : Houses should be designed in different types with
pleasing elevations.
They should be planned in harmony with
surroundings like lake, stream, greeneries, etc.
the
Housing
Neighborhood Unit :- It is the small unit which serves the
local community and encourages them to live with
neighborhood sprit which seems to be lost in the modern
city.
Now a days all the residential unit are planned on the
principal of neighborhood.
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