Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Paulo P. Borres
March 2015
CHAPTER 1
Introduction
Bamboos are large grasses. Bamboos are not trees, and their stems do
not get thicker with age. It is the fastest growing plant on the planet. Studies also
show that selectively harvested bamboo can sequester more carbon than
comparable fast growing trees. It also showed potential as an option to be
included in afforestation or reforestation schemes because of its ability to grow in
denuded land.1 According to Darrel DeBoer, an architect practicing in Alameda,
California, and Karl Bareis, cofounder of the International Bamboo Association,
which is now the World Bamboo Organization, bamboo is notable for its strength,
hardness and rate of growth. In fact, studies show that it has greater
compressive strength than concrete and about the same strength-to-weight ratio
of steel in tension.2 Today, designers and architects are constantly experimenting
with new uses of bamboo, however, and rediscovering old uses of the material in
construction. Some of the prominent bamboo architects, locally and globally, are
Oscar Hidalgo, Vo Trong Nghia, Simon Velez, Francisco Maosa and
Encarnacion Tan.
Innovation in the construction sector should be done, following various
disaster preparedness programs, and thus to create a more sustainable
1 n.a. Bamboo and Rattan FAQs. International Network for Bamboo and
Rattan. 2015. Web. Retrieved March 1, 2015. <
http://www.inbar.int/knowledge/bamboo-and-rattan-faqs/ >
2 Boehland, Jessica. Bamboo in Construction: Is the Grass Always Greener?.
BuildingGreen.com. 2006. Web. Retrieved March 1, 2015. <
https://www2.buildinggreen.com/article/bamboo-construction-grass-alwaysgreener-0 >
infrastructure that can withstand high degree earthquakes and typhoons. Being
located in the Pacific Ring of Fire, The Philippines is prone to various types of
natural hazards due to its geographical and physical environment. In fact,
according to the Asian Risk Reduction Centre (ADRC) in 2011, the country
experiences an average of 20 earthquakes per day and an average of 20
typhoons or tropical cyclones visit the country every year, with 5 of them
considered the most destructive.3
Thus, utilizing bamboo for the construction is a great step towards the
Millennium Development Goals of the United Nations for environmental
sustainability. Since bamboo infrastructure is also earthquake resistant, its a
great leap as a disaster preparedness program in the country especially on
earthquake prone areas, identified to be; Surigao Del Sur, La Union, Benguet,
Pangasinan, Pampanga, Tarlac, Ifugao, Davao Oriental, Nueva Vizcaya and
Nueva Ecija, based on the Centre for Environmental Geomatics - Manila
Observatory, 2005.4 Similar effort has been done abroad and one example would
be a project in Ethiopia which employed a simple and adaptable technology like
the Bamboo Shelter under the Danish Refugee Council project. It is part of the
7,200 so-called transitional shelters that UNHCR and partners have constructed
in 2012 in five refugee camps in the Dollo Ado area, in Ethiopia. 5 Due to the
lightweight and favorable elastic properties of bamboo, buildings made from it are
very good at resisting earthquakes. In one incident in Costa Rica, all 30 houses
in the epicentre of a 7.6 magnitude earthquake survived without any damage.
5 Ado, R. Refugees in Ethiopia choose their own housing and create jobs.
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. 2013. Web. Retrieved March
1, 2015. <http://www.unhcr.org/5162b0639.html >
6 Alter, Lloyd. Bamboo Houses Stand Up To Earthquakes. Treehugger.com.
2013. Web. Retrieved March 1, 2015. <http://www.treehugger.com/greenarchitecture/bamboo-houses-stand-up-to-earthquakes.html >
Anthropologist Dr. Fernando N. Zialcita has said that the bamboo tradition in the
Philippines is at least 2,300 years old. Identified areas where the tradition of
building with bamboo is still prevalent are in Pangasinan, Laguna, Rizal, Bulacan,
Aklan, Tarlac, Palawan, Iloilo, Antique and Capiz. 7 Today, different organizations
are now pushing for the revival of using bamboo as a means of sustainable
construction material, most predominant in countries like in India, China,
Vietnam, Colombia and Costa Rica.
Bamboo is an ideal construction material for many reasons. According to
the China Bamboo Research Centre, the tensile strength of bamboo is 3 or 4
times as high as steel. Various structural engineering tests also showed that
bamboo has higher compressive strength than many mixtures of concrete. The
very dense fibres in each bamboo also give the plant extreme flexibility, allowing
it to bend without snapping.8 Jules Janssen, one of the most recognized bamboo
experts in the world; propose that bamboo house is a good place to stay during a
hurricane or an earthquake, provided the house has been built with proper care.
This attribute of bamboo is credited from its great capacity for seismic shock
absorption, which makes it particularly useful in earthquake-prone areas. 9
7 Tan, R.E. 100 Things About Building with Bamboo. n.p. 2012. Book.
Retrieved March 1, 2015.
8 Gutu, T. A Study on the Mechanical Strength Properties of Bamboo to
Enhance Its Diversification on Its Utilization.International Journal of Innovative
Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE). 2013. Journal. Retrieved March
1, 2015. < http://www.ijitee.org/attachments/File/v2i5/E0690042413.pdf >
9 Janssen. J.J. Designing and Building with Bamboo. International Network for
Bamboo and Rattan. 2000. Book. Retrieved March 1, 2015. <
www.inbar.int/downloads/inbar_technical_report_no20.pdf?7c424b>
and 200 hectares of bamboo have been cultivated, and helped to resolve the
deforestation rate in Costa Rica. It has also adopted the sustainable use of
bamboo as a construction material for an indigenous housing program. 12The
light-weight and versatility of harvested bamboo also lends itself to innovations to
cope with increased floods, such as raised housing in Ecuador and Peru and
floating garden in Bangladesh (Oxfam, 2010).
Besides its mechanical properties as a construction material, bamboo also
sequesters carbon from the atmosphere. It minimizes CO2 gases and generates
up to 35% more oxygen than an equivalent stand of trees. 1 hectare (2.2 acres)
of bamboo sequesters up to 62 tons of CO2/year, whereas 1 hectare of young
forest sequesters 15 tons of CO2/year (J.Janssen, Technical University
Eindhoven, 2000).13This means that bamboo in a plantation can regularly be
chopped down and used to build houses and other structures, where the carbon
remains sequestered for an average of 80 years (Casta Oeda, 2006).
14
architects worldwide are now starting to realize the potential of this grass to open
the arena for a more sustainable architecture. From a material stigmatized as the
poor mans timber, bamboo is now is currently slowly being elevated to the
status of the timber of the 21st century and from poor man timber to common
man timber.
15
advantages of using bamboo can help to elevate the perception of the people on
this undervalued building material. The technology is mature enough, and thus
its about time for the public to consider it as a suitable building material that can
be used to build permanent infrastructures. Bamboo is vogue as a green,
sustainable resource that is used for almost everything.
16
country to meet the demand of the international market for bamboo which is
expected to grow from $7 billion in 2015 to $15-20 billion in 2017.
17
3. What are the factors that create hindrance on why Filipinos still not choose
bamboo as a building material?
Research Objectives
The project seeks to;
1. Identify the competitiveness of bamboo as a construction material, in
comparison to concrete, steel and hardwood;
2. Identify the mechanical properties of bamboo that makes it suitable as a
building material; and
3. Identify the factors that prevent Filipinos form choosing bamboo as an
alternative material?
Theoretical Framework
The researcher plans to use two theories for the project; Diffusion
of Innovation Theory and Social Judgment Theory.
Diffusion of Innovation Theory is described as a process by which
an innovation is communicated through certain channels over time among the
members of a social system. It is developed by E.M. Rogers in 1962, is one of
the oldest social science theories. Diffusion is a special type of communication
concerned with the spread of messages that are perceived as new ideas. Surry
and Farquhar (1997) explain that disciplines ranging from agriculture to
marketing have used Diffusion of Innovation Theory to increase the adoption of
innovative products and ideas. The theory seeks to explain how innovations are
taken up in a population. Diffusion of Innovations offers three valuable insights
into the process of social change: the qualities that make an innovation spread,
of projects that used bamboo for construction outside the country, unless the
organization involved allows the proponent to use it. In addition, the project also
aims to engage different bamboo enthusiasts, local and globally, to send their
own input of contents to support the promotion of bamboo in the Philippines.
CHAPTER 2
Review of Related Literature
1. Adams, C. Bamboo Architecture and Construction with Oscar Hidalgo.
networkearth.org. 1998. Web. Retrieved February 15, 2015.
<http://www.networkearth.org/naturalbuilding/bamboo.html >
Sixty four percent of over 1600 species of bamboos can be found in
Southeast Asia. Different species have different wall thickness, with some
species being entirely solid. It has an exterior waterproof film which occurs on the
softer interior portion as well. Bamboo is particularly strong at the node, where
there is an inner disc called septum which connects the outside walls,
strengthening the stalk and separating in into compartments. For structural
bamboo, it is important not to penetrate the septum as it is the crucial part of the
bamboo for strength. For construction, the best age for bamboos to be harvested
is during the 3-6 years of its growth. It is also important to cut bamboo just above
the node at the base. Bamboos tensile strength has been essential in the
development of bridges across the world. Chinese invented suspension bamboo
bridges to cross rivers. Bamboo bridges were also constructed in India, and by
the Incas in South America. Meanwhile, tension bridges were made in Colombia,
with a tensile strengths of up to 3,200 kg/cm 2. It also has a long history of use in
volume or the density). Steel is the best and bamboo the second best. In terms of
stiffness, the fourth place is for concrete, third for timber, second for steel and the
first place is for bamboo (the darker bars in this diagram are calculated as the Emodulus divided by the mass per volume or the density).
domestic housing predominates and, in accordance with their rural origins, these
buildings are often simple in design and construction relying on a living tradition
of local skills and methods. Bamboo housing is not a new concept. It is estimated
that more than a billion people live in bamboo houses mostly in developing
worlds. Various species of bamboo revealed that it is strong enough to be used
as a building material. Another important character eristic of bamboo is, because
of its strong fibres, it first cracks unlike timber which breaks of bending fails. This
quality gives an opportunity to repair or replace failure part of house. Its elasticity
is better than wood for seismic resistant housing and as has been proved in the
case of several small houses.
Despite the availability of bamboo for construction, factors still exists that
questions the capacity of it, like cultural and technical problems. Yet, bamboo has
still proven itself worthy as it is seismic resistant due to its strong fibers.
and Community Centre and can be spread if necessary. The vernacular structure
can be assembled in as little as 25 days and adapted to suit varying local
climates and sites and the total cost of the house is only 2500$.. Therefore, the
house can warm people in the most severe conditions and help them control
activities in the future, also remarkably contribute to ecological development as
well as economic stabilization.
Bamboos are starting to be recognize by architectural firms as a solution
for the scarcity in housing in impoverish areas because it is cheap, easily
assembled and can serve as protection against natural disasters.
11. Best, E. Bamboo Houses to the Rescue. Pacific Standard Magazine. 2010.
Web. Retrieved February 15, 2015. < http://www.psmag.com/books-andculture/bamboo-houses-to-the-rescue-16347 >
History suggests that bamboo may protect people from disasters like
typhoons and earthquakes. When three typhoons swept into the Cook Islands in
2005, one producing winds of 173 mph, they devoured everything in their path
everything, that is, except a group of bamboo houses on the beach. Back in
1991, A 7.5 earthquake in Limn, Costa Rica, destroyed homes built with
concrete and rebar, but all 20 of the more-flexible bamboo houses at the
earthquake's epicentre remained standing. This paved way for the establishment
of Bamboo National Housing Project in Costa Rica in 1986. Also to demonstrate
the ability of bamboo to provide durable, seismically sound housing while
contributing to reforestation. It was then adopted by the Costa Rican government
in the mid-1990s that helped create more than 2,000 houses in rural areas,
including the indigenous communities of Terraba, Rey Curre and Boruca, before
the turn of the century. Like poverty, bamboo is especially prolific in the tropics;
perhaps what makes the concept of bamboo as a material for low-income
housing most appealing is this symmetry.
Bamboo cultivation and construction of permanent bamboo housing can
protect people in disaster-prone areas. The use of bamboo as an alternative to
wood can also help in reforestation of denuded lands.
12. Soto, A.S.D. Bamboo Housing National Project Costa Rica. United Nations
Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. n.d. Web. Retrieved
February 15, 2015. < http://www.unesco.org/most/centram1.htm >
The National Bamboo Project was started in 1986 to replace the use of
wood with an alternative cost-effective and seismically sound building material
and to prevent further deforestation. Bamboo has also helped to solve other
problems such as unemployment and deforestation, particularly protecting some
river basins. It also fostered the sustainable use of bamboo as a raw material for
an indigenous housing programme and for the industrialization and marketing of
by-products, thus giving low-income families the means of obtaining proper
housing. The bamboo cultivated areas capture and store carbon dioxide from the
atmosphere, contributing to preventing negative impacts of the green-house
effect at the global level. Since then, the project has achieved the construction of
703 houses in rural areas, among them the indigenous communities of Terraba,
Rey Curre and Boruca. After a few years of implementation, the project has been
widely accepted not only by Costa Ricans, but also by other Central American
countries.
Studies show that compared to concrete, steel and wood bamboo has
excellent mechanical properties with reference to material efficiency for strength
(working stress per volume unit) and stiffness (E modulus per volume unit). But,
According to Janssen (1988) the untreated bamboo culms can just have a
maximum of 10-15 years of lifetime if they are kept under cover and in a not very
humid climate. In direct contact with atmosphere they can only last 1- 3 years.
One popular organic treatment for bamboos is through smoking. They are put
into the smoke with a temperature of about 120C for some time so the insects
are killed. It is believed that this way will increase the durability of culms. During
the process the bamboo culms can be broken and the color will get black. This
method is popular in Japan. In the chemical methods, chemical preservatives like
CCA (copper-chrome-arsenic composition) or cheaper ones like boric acid and
borax are used to keep bamboo culms from being attacked by insects. Bamboos
cultural
dimension
sometimes
is
negatively
interpreted
as
handwork,
As a result, it is
impossible for the species to develop immunity and borates will kill any organism
that ingests the chemical. Bamboo, like trees, also sequesters carbon dioxide
from the atmosphere. If the bamboo and wood are made into houses, then the
carbon is effectively stored for the life span of the house. Half the weight of the
bamboo is carbon. The carbon from the atmosphere is thus locked up in the
bamboo fibre itself. Currently, the 30 billion tons of carbon dioxide equivalent
produced each year by human activity. Preserve the bamboo with borates and
build buildings with that bamboo and you have sequestered and stored the
carbon for a hundred years. The bamboo plant itself sequesters up to 12 tons of
CO2 per hectare. It releases 35% more oxygen than equivalent areas of trees.
Studies also prove bamboo as a sustainable cropping system for sloping lands,
reducing soil erosion, and delivering sustainable farming systems. The rhizome
mat of bamboo, which continues to live after each harvest, protects the ground
from erosion.
Bamboo houses become a carbon capture and storage system, and this
capacity can be extended if proper treatment is executed on the bamboo plant.
16. Jayanetti, D.L., P.R. Follet. Bamboo in Construction: An Introduction.
International Network for Bamboo and Rattan (INBR). 1998. Book.
Retrieved February 15,2015. < www.inbar.int/publications/?did=9>
In view of its rapid growth, a ready adaptability to most climatic conditions
and properties superior to most juvenile fast growing wood, bamboo emerges as
a very suitable alternative. But different treatments should be execute first to
protect bamboo from attack by micro-organisms and insects especially if use in
construction. Since bamboo has a low natural resistance from biological
deterioration, traditional methods of preservation do not provide durability of
product or structure in the long term. When compared to traditional methods, the
use of chemicals for the preservative treatment of bamboo is more effective in
providing
protection
against
biological
deterioration.
However,
chemical
preservatives are invariably toxic and due care and attention should be exercised
whenever they are used. It is, also possible to treat bamboo with a combination
of preservative and fire retardant chemicals. Fire presents a potential hazard in
any form of construction, but the risk is especially high in bamboo buildings. But
since fire retardant treatment costs generally high, Boron based retardants offer
a possible solution, with the added advantage of being relatively safe to use.
With
proper
treatments,
bamboo
houses
can
withstand
natural
the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) is moving forward for a robust and
sustainable Philippine bamboo industry by 2016. 40 percent of these bamboo
materials, bamboo furniture and handicrafts were the top dollar earners for the
country. Apart from its use as raw material, bamboo is seen to significantly
contribute to climate change mitigation and environmental disaster management.
The Philippine government committed to reforest at least 500,000 hectares with
bamboo as part of the 1 million hectares of designated areas as the countrys
contribution to the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) commitment
of 20 million hectares of new forest by 2020. Furthermore, Executive Order (EO)
879 was issued last May 2010 for the development of the Philippine bamboo
industry that created the Philippine Bamboo Industry Development (PBID)
Council and directed the use of bamboo for at least 25 percent of desk and other
furniture requirements of public elementary and secondary schools and
prioritizing the use of bamboo in furniture, fixtures and other construction
requirements of government facilities.
Philippines is gearing up to increase its production of bamboo to reach the
high demand of market globally. This action of the Department of Trade and
Industry is supported by the released memorandums since 2010.
CHAPTER 3
Research Methodology
Research Plan
CHAPTER 4
Results
The results of the interview showed that on the past, only government
institutes and agencies would undertake research projects on the use of
indigenous materials, like bamboo. This includes the Forest Products Research
and Development Institute (FPRDI), the Philippine Coconut Authority (PCA),
Construction Industry Association of the Philippines (CIAP), Materials Science
Research Institute (MSRI), and The National Science and Technology Institute
(NSTI). Today, private and commercial-based small-scaled companies have also
stepped up towards the development of these materials. The Philippine Bamboo
Foundation is also one of the leading organizations for promoting bamboo and
supporting the bamboo industry.
Interviewees have agreed that engineered bamboo and infusing it with the
technology of preservation can provide an effective solution for housing because
its properties can stand equal with the more modern aluminium or plastic. And
although it may lack permanence, the warmth and natural ambience of using
bamboo can never be replicated. It is the fastest growing plant on the planet. It
can easily be cultivated. Architect Manosa quoted "will not. For centuries to
come, the bamboo grass will continue to grow, gracing our fields and gardens so
why not our homes?" In addition, the interviewees add up that it's about time to
explore an alternative building material by incorporating both technology and
science for a greener environment.
Architect Gerry Torres, meanwhile, said that incorporating bamboo for
housing paves way for contemporary living with green architecture that is
sustainable and save the earth's natural resources. Bamboo can be a classy
alternative to better known species of wood-based finishing material like lauan,
molave, supa or narra, whose cost have scaled heights unimaginable even
today, not to mention, that these are all endangered species.
Today, the government's criteria for a sure and economical solution to
Filipinos who dream of owning his own home is that it should be should pass a
grade of permanence, must be fireproof, and that it should be cheap, available
and plentiful. All interviewees have agreed that bamboo might just be that
alternative material. It is a viable material for low-cost and affordable building. It
is very versatile, strong, abundant, pleasant to feel, beautiful to look at in colour,
texture and shape, and manageable. With the right treatment, it can be fireproof
and resistant from pests. By exploiting technology, we can able to extend the life
and use of these materials. Furthermore, up to certain extent, bamboo can
withstand earthquakes than other materials will do, because of the cellulose
fibres in bamboo. These act as reinforcement similar to reinforcing steel bars in
concrete or glass-fibre in polyester-resin. The distribution of these fibres
increases from the inside to the outside. Result of the interview also showed that
bamboo has a good bending and tensile strength than other materials which are
used for construction. Most important is its lightweight, and the hollow form gives
much stiffness which results in less damage during earthquake.
Bamboo grows in all regions of the country, yet, Filipinos still feels alien
when it comes to maximizing its potential. Universities and colleges that offers
architecture does not focus on indigenous materials like bamboo and easily go
bias with the usual concrete and steel. It is depicted as 'poor's man timber' due to
its association with hard hand-made handicrafts. People thought it's a mistake to
use bamboo because it's a weak material and will surely degrade in a short span
of time. Unfortunately, with the coming of superior technology and new building
material from the West, Filipinos tend to forget traditions and culture,
disregarding lessons our ancestors and handed down to us. In India for example,
despite being the second's largest exporter of bamboo, situation of bamboo is not
up to the mark. Many people who live in cities are not still aware about this
plant/material. People still feel that its not a long term solution for building
material and that its a job of a poor man to build/work with bamboo. On the
contrary, furniture made from bamboo is affordable only by rich people at least
upper middle class and above.
CHAPTER 5
Project Description
The Kawayahan is an informative website about the advantages of using
bamboo as an alternative building material that seeks to reunite Filipinos to
indigenous materials like bamboo for housing and other architectural projects. It
aims to engage interested individuals, couples, organizations to look into the
utilization of bamboo by providing them information about its advantages,
connecting them to architectural firms that uses bamboo and giving examples of
existing modern bamboo houses in the country.
Rationale
Bahay kubo, with bamboo as one of its principal materials, is indicative of
the Filipino character. It is symbolic to Filipino resiliency. Thus, as a media
student, the info webs objective is to communicate the information about the
advantages of using bamboo as an alternative building material to Filipinos and
thus, distribute the need to utilize the use of it as a solution for housing problems
and climate change.
Bamboo will mostly likely be a great alternative to much more expensive building
material like steel and species of hardwoods that most of which are already
endangered. It can offer a possible substitute to timber due to the scarcity of
wood.
Furthermore, bamboo makes a good climate change adaptation material.
In fact, certain organizations has already been developing a bamboo-cement
technology to be used to make sturdy, earthquake- and storm-proof houses for
earthquake-stricken Bohol and Super typhoon Yolanda-hit areas. Its a cheap,
sustainable, and stable and not to mention, abundantly grows in the country.
Project objectives
This project seeks to:
Communication Objectives
This project aims to express that:
1. Encourage Filipinos to look into consideration of incorporating bamboo
as an alternative building material.
a. Bamboo embodies authentic Philippine house and cultural
identity.
b. It can be both modern and classic, and that its natural beauty
can never be equalled.
2. Provide essential information on the various advantages of using
bamboo for construction and give examples of existing modern bamboo
architectural projects, and to;
a. Bamboo can compete with other commercial building material
like steel, concrete and many other hardwoods by means of its
mechanical properties and abundance.
Marketing Objectives
The project will be marketed by:
1. Events;
2. Social networking ads; and
3. Website promotional ads
Project Brief
Kawayahan is an info website that offers users a wide range of
information about bamboo and how it can be exploit as an alternative building
material, its advantages and its connection to the cultural identity of Filipinos. It
also gives users photographs of modern bamboo architectural projects like the
Bamboo Clad House in Better Living subdivision, Paranaque City; Coco Beach
Home
o (Welcome page)
Why Bamboo?
Structural Integrity
Ecological Benefits
o About
Author/ Team
(People
who
have
help
me
through
documentation)
my
research
and
FAQ
Gallery
(Visit at least three of these places and make a feature article about it, with
photographs, and contact of the place)
Contact
Contact of Kawayahan
Sample Audiences
Anna Manalastas is an accounting officer in a small firm in Antipolo City.
She is 29 years old and is already engage to her 4 years-relationship boyfriend,
Tom Aurallo. Both Anna and Tom lives together in a house that they are renting
near the office of Anna, which costs about Php 4,500 monthly. Tom proposed to
Anna 5 months ago and so, now, they are planning to decide what kind of house
they would want to build. Anna has been passionate with Filipino design and
recalled to her fiance a resort she visited in Puerto Galera. The name of the
place is Coco Beach Island Resort. Its a resort that features fully-furnished
modern bamboo-made rooms and Anna felt in love with the place, especially with
the rooms. She told Tom about her idea about incorporating bamboo but the
problem is, they dont know who to contact and what is difference between a
house made of bamboo and one which is not. Both Anna and Tom earns an
average wage so they are looking for a cheap yet stable housing material.
References
Adams, C. Bamboo Architecture and Construction with Oscar Hidalgo.
networkearth.org.
1998.
Web.
Retrieved
February
15,
<http://www.networkearth.org/naturalbuilding/bamboo.html >
Ado, R. Refugees in Ethiopia choose their own housing and create jobs.
2015.
College.
2011.
Web.
Retrieved
February 15,
2015.
<www.researchgate.net/ publictopics.PublicPostFileLoader.html?id>
Law, V. Group sends bamboo homes to Chinas quake zone. The Christian
Science Monitor. 2008. Web. Retrieved February 15, 2015.
<http://www.csmonitor.com/Environment/Living-Green/2008/0529/groupsends-bamboo-homes-to-china-s-quake-zone>
Li, T. What Can Bamboo Do About CO2?. Institute for Advanced Development
journal.com/news/dti-to-push-for-a-robust-and-sustainable-ph-bambooindustry/ >
Reyes, E. Bam warns PH bamboo industry losing status in world market.
Interaksyon.com. 2015. Web. Retrieved March 1, 2015. <http://www.
interaksyon.com/article/105922/bam-warns-ph-bamboo-industry-losingstatus-in-world-market >
Sands, D. Carbon Sequestration. bambooliving.com. n.d. Web. Retrieved
March 1, 2015. <http://www.bambooliving.com/index.php/whybamboo/
carbon-sequestration>
Sawyers, H. Can American Farms Make Bamboo the Next Big Cash Crop?.
popularmechanics.com. 2009. Web. Retrieved March 1, 2015.<http://www.
popularmechanics.com/home/lawn-garden/how-to/a4430/4323342/ >
Soto, A. National Bamboo Project of Costa Rica. unesco.org. n.d. Web.
Retrieved March 1, 2015. < http://www. unesco.org/most/centram1.htm >
Tan, R.E. 100 Things About Building with Bamboo. n.p. 2012. Book. Retrieved
March 1, 2015.
2014.
Web.
Retrieved
February
15,
2015.
<http://www.archdaily.com/502896/mat-ter-designs-storm-resistant-schoolfor-the-philippines/>
Wooldridge, M. Booming bamboo: The next super-material?. BBC News
Appendices
Appendix A
Interview Questionnaire
1.
2.
3.
4.
If yes, what is the name of that organization and since when have you
been a member?
5.
promoted?
6.
7.
8.
9.
And how do you think should Filipino should look at it? Why?
10.
Philippines?
Appendix B
Profile of Interviewees
Vinay Kolte
Rajarshi Shahu College of Engineering
Malabar Nature Conservation Club, Amboli, India
kolte.vinay@gmail.com
Rajnirmal Rajendran
Feel Design Lab
Architecture and civil engineering Firm, India
feel.designlab@gmail.com
Cita V. Lacdan
CBG Coordinator
Carolina Bamboo Garden
carolinabamboogarden@ymail.com
Tel. No. 8470522 to 25
Mobile No. 0922-8248952