Chapter 1 NATURE OF TECHNICAL WRITING Objectives: ‘At the end of the chapter, the students should be able to: 1. define technical writing and discuss the characteristics 2. distinguish technical writing in terms ofthe following criteria: Purpose Subject Matter Readers 3. identify what the people in the technical profession ae required to write. 4. recognize the aspects of technical writing. ‘. discuss the basic principles of good technical writing 6. explain the ABC's of technical report writing, 7._ identify the qualities ofa good technical report. Introduction ‘The present world has astonished us with ts new developments. From the nislear ‘Reapons to space age, man has made enormous strides ini technology. With the ever increasing complex demands of modern society, expanded economic and technical ‘advancements and progress have created the indispensable need for technical wntec, Skill in writing technical reports is an invaluable abet not only in college but also inthe profesions. As the country’s industialization program grows space, skill in this type of writing wil bea highly vital personal asset, not only in business aad industry, but also in science and technology as well as ithe goverament sornie MS AG BAC AT THE DAK OF THE Plomcopy oR PROVIDE SEPARATE PAPER.2 Technical and Report Writing Nature of Technical Writing Functions of Technic ‘Technical Writing is a communication, which is written for and ‘addressed to specific entities or individuals to attain desired objectives. Itis a communication inf». Belowaethe fiction the field of ousiness, industry trade, science, technology, engineering and government. Toserven . To fumish ‘The main objective is to convey specific piece of information for a specific |. Togive ins 1 2 3 purpose to specific reader or group of readers. It is a writing that involves special 4. Toexplain knowledge, The specific information is technical, that i, its the formal aspect of 5, Toreporta the fields above, writen from a specific point of view. 6. Toanalyze 7. Todetermi Characteristics of Technical Writing 8. Toserveas ‘Technical writing presents and explains a subject matter in a clear, objective, 9. Toprovide ‘accurate, concise, and unemotional manner. 10.-To develo, 11, Toprovide ‘Technical writing uses a relatively high concentration on certain complex and 12. Torecordt important writing techniques particularly description of a mechanism, description 13. To procure of process, classification, cause and effect, comparison and contrast, analogy and eatin sees Basic Principles of E 1. Understam Technical writing highly utilizes technical vocabulary It utilizes tables, graphs: 2. Kaowingt and figures to clarify and support textual discussion. Ituses the conventional report 3. Knowingt forms. 4, Organizing 5. Writing obj: Purpose of Technical Writing 6. Usingcom ‘The following are the primary purposes of technical writing. 3 7. Adoptinge a Vy. olen Understanding the F Itis written to make another person understand or do something. Itis fe A basic considera designed to fulfil a need to tell anda need to know. i technical writer shou: ii “type of the intended 2. Toanalyze events and theirimplications \ ‘carefully defined so 1 twill explain how certain systems failed. This system may inglude ff presented. If the read ‘education, socioeconomie, political and the needed change. | mission. The technical all | readers help the write 3, Te persuade and influence decisions i} ‘ itwil eh ho abunicas ron industry coeds.” 9 [Knowing the Purpos i The technical pa Technical wen i idealycharacteriedby themintenance ofimpartaly and Fy undertantthe meee ‘objectivity, by extreme care to convey information accurately and concisely ag by the absence of any attempt to arouse emotions. ‘thing, to report on a k_and addressed to ‘communication in agand government. tion for a specific at involves special 1e formal aspect of ‘a clear, objective, zrtain complex and ranism, description ntrast, analogy and ilizes tables, graphs ‘conventional report stdo something. Itis system may include inge, s se ofimpartiaity and and concisely and by Nature of Technical Writing 3 Functions of Technical Writing are the function of Technical Writing oe ‘Toserve asa basis for management decision 2. Tofumishneeded information 3. Togive instructions 4. Toexplain techniques 5. Toreportachievements 6. Toanalyze problem areas 7. Todetermine design and system requirements 8. Toserveas basis for public relation 9. To provide reportto stockholders of companies 10. Todevelop a product 11. Toprovide service 12, Torecord business through proposils 13, To procure business through proposals Basic Principles of Effective Technical Writing ‘ 1. Understanding the reader 2. Knowing the purpose of each article or report 3. Knowing the subject matter 4. Organizing the material 5. Writing objectively (6. Using correct format 7. Adopting ethical standards Understanding the Reader asic consideration in technical writing is to know the target audience, The technical writer should know how to aday ‘ype of the intended audience or readers. Difficult carefully defined so thatthe reader will easly understand the information being f writers should know bow important his readers are. The target readers help the writer to know what to write about and how to waite it Knowing the Purpose of Each Technical Report [The echnical paper must be organized around a central theme. The reader should understand the main purpose after reading the paper. The purpose maybe isto derek ‘thing, o report ona specific problem or project, or to aalyze and solves problony4 Knowing the Subject Matter A technical writer must have a thorough knowledge of the subject he is to write Technical and Report Writing Sentence Structurt Technical wrtir about. fhe report ison theitesult ofa technical experiment, the writer who writes B.. and good shor see the report should explain what the problem is all about, what causes the problem technical voeabular and how the problem is solved. And sentences, simp! Writing Objectivety Paragraph Structu ‘A good technical writer must emphasize the facts and the data. The impersonal In technical writ style is basic tan effetivetachnical writer. He epresens facts, figures andstatstics fF the very latest part skillfully woven around the subject matter or central theme and written in an does the opposite by impersonal manner the main idea. The u forceful effect, Using Correct Format ‘The format and style of a report attract the attention of the readers first. Companies Scientific Attitude require neatly-typed communications, reports and project proposals and feasibility Judicious weighi studies. The current trends require that such communication be computerized or evidence is ont wii typed. explaining the facts» restofthe available e Adopting Ethical Standards evidences in which t A technical writer Should undertake comprehensive research work; accumulate The technical wri the required data through interviews, surveys, referrals and related publications. He ‘Asa writer of his mat ‘must have to present facts and figures as gathered and required, using only those to rewrite and what t that are pertinent to the report. A good technical writer also acknowledges the help he receives from éthert if bites sources of reference materials. Generalization Sete a Techneal Writing ‘ concn en | swyteistbe writer's way of etn, amannerin which be expresses his thoughts) generalizations, itis n and fectngs na language. Below are guidelines for clea technical writing. Provide enough evidi Beneralizations for hit ‘Be selective, focus on the essential information and the significant detail 2. Develop aclean, direc style; avoid inflated language and scrambling - ete sentences. J Calixihan 1994), 3._ Use examples and comparisons to clarify descriptions and explanations. 1. Centprove Repeat words and phrases for clarity or emphasis oro ease transitions, but ; 2. Cant show avoid needless repetition, 3. Isitfactanc 5. Delete unecesary words and pass, but void src that saci © £ Delos messing ; 6. Isthegenee again? 7. Isitsignitie= subject he is to write the writer who writes at causes the problem data. The impersonal 4, figures and statistics nme and written in an saders first. Companies posals and feasibility 1n be computerized or atch work; accumulate fated publications. He ited, using only those ccknowledges the help als expresses his thoughts, hnical writing, spificant detail scrambling explanations. ase transitions, but uss that sacrifice Nature of Technical Writing 5 Sentence Structure and Length ‘Technical writing should use the natural word order, simple sentence structure and good short sentences. Since technical subject matter requires the use of complex, technical vocabulary and the expression of complex ideas, the use of shorter words {and sentences, simple in structure, will help a lot in the readability of difficult materia, Paragraph Structure and Length {technical writing, the topic sentence should come first in the paragraph or at the very latest part after whatever transitional sentences appear. Sometimes the writer does the opposite by gi ‘he main idea. The use o forceful effect. ing the details at the beginning and then concludes by stating Fone oF more very short paragraphs achieves an especially Sclentific Attitude jiidicious weighing of evidence is very important ina technical report. The best evidence is ont which isthe most ample, the most pertinent and the simplest in cxplaining the facts with the least additional evidence and most in harmony with the rest ofthe available evidence. The conclusion or recommendation should include all evidences in which the judgment is made, The technical writer must know wh en he Would say enough, and not overwrite. As awriter ofhis materials, he should know what to present, what to amplify, what {to rewrite and what to emphasize. Generalization ‘When the technical writer makes generalizations, he is giving probable conclusions derived from the observation of factors. Since the report is based on Seneralizations, it is necessary to describe the circumstances surrour Provide enough the report evidence, data and samples to enable the reader to evaluate the ‘generalizations for himself Tobe certain tat you have followed ground rules and not “Jumping to conclusions”, {esthe validity of your dataand samples. Here isthe suggested checklist (Nem Singh and CCalixihan 1994), Can I prove its accuracy? Can I show the direct bond between the facts and generalizations? Isitfactand not opinion? Do haveall the facts? Are they up to date? ste generalization verifiable? Would I get te same result if Toit again? Isitsignticant?6 Technical and Report Writing ‘The principles to be observed in organizing the material as cited by Alvarez (1980) are as follows: 1 ‘To organize the material of subject, first break it down into the component aspects. ‘To organize a report or paper, choose a suitable approach and make an ‘outline that implements it 3. The basic unit of organization isthe paragraph. 4. Use these paragraph to present related data, graphs to show trends and 7: 8. 9% ‘visuals to clarify description. Plan a report or paper thoroughly before starting to write it. Gather the necessary data through basic library research and primary services. Write a first draft Revise and rewrite as often as necessary Write a final draft 10. Place footnotes to acknowledge references and include a bibliography at the end ofa report or paper. Other attributes of good technital report writing are: 1 ‘eppropriateness finctional informative factual efficient correct ‘The Role of the Technical Writer ‘A good technical writer possesses insights, perceptiveness, quick to determine ‘Probabilities and the ability to adapt to requirements. He can identify developments that may affect his project. ‘The technical writer must understand the nature of his work. He should be able ‘ohelp his principals attain the target objectives. He must not only possess the technical writing ability and technical expertise, be must also have the capability to grasp, analyze and interpret unexpected events and situations that occurred during the writing ofthe technical report. The technical wr ‘organize a variety ofe ‘Hallmarks of an E; The hallmarks 0 REPORTER (Mosu: R- Resource E- Energetic P- Patient O- Observan R- Responsi T- Trustwor E- Evaluatiy R~ Responsi ‘The Wholistic Guid For effective tech can be considered in- ‘Accuracy Acreport writer m ‘mathematical figures committed and an ille over the whole text. A Brevity Being briefis acon main idea of the report ‘maintained. The reade Confidence AA g00d report wri communicate but he hi finishing the last pagesas cited by Alvarez wn into the roach and make an toshow trends and site it rehand primary deabibliography 's, quick to determine dentify developments otk. He should be able \ypossess the technical Ibility o grasp, analyze tring the writing ofthe Nature of Technical Writing a_i of Techical Writing 7 The technical writer should have the ability to state facts clearly and accurately to ‘reanize a variety of element ino a unified structure, and wo describe logical generalizations, Hallmarks of an Effective Technical Writer ‘The hallmarks of an effective technical writer is represented by this acronym REPORTER (Mosura and Tenorio, 1999) R- Resourceful E- Energetic P- Patient 0- Observant R- Responsible T- Trustworthy E- Evaluative R- Responsive ‘The Wholistic Guide to Technical Writing, For effective technical writing, the ABC's can be considered in-depth, ‘Accuracy Assport writer must be tactful inthe recording of data statement or calculating ‘mathematical figures. He must check every statement in its final form. An-error committed and an illogical statement writen can create confusion as well as doubts over the whole text. A writer should always aim to be'understood. Brevity Being briefs courtesy tothe reader. The reader should find iteasy to group the ‘main idea ofthe report. In the same manner, accuracy ofthe statements can easly be ‘maintained. The reader can get the essence of your thinking in a compressed form, Confidence A ood report writer must ave the quality of sconce He cao oly ‘communicate but he has to be also decisive or sure of: what he is writing about. After finishing the last page of his report, he is an authority, 'sof report writing given by (Zall 1980) °11 Techncl and Report Weng Dignity Dignity is courtesy to your readers as professionals. This is an ethical standard. ‘The writer must be certain that all grammatical constructions are correct. In report waiting, you need to be formal with words and how these words ae used. You should be sure thatthe ideas or information are well organized, simplified, summarized and expressed in straightforward manner. Facility ‘This refers tothe devices used by the writer, to make his report easy to read and Understand. In most cases, report writing depends more on pacing, sequence, arrangement and continuity of ideas as wells information. A grammatical correction is important. He should make his writing straightforward, logical and clear. The ‘thought from one part to another should be clearly established, illustrated o stated. Emph: ‘The writer has to feel what is important to the reader and should never expect, how the reader finds it out for himself. He has to lead him from point to point, Clearly marking every step, directs the reader to the right way and gives him the reason for stopping ata particular portion. Honesty Honesty is expected in a report. When a writer has borrowed some statements, ideas or quotations, be has toadcknowledge them either in footnotes, endnotes or cite ‘the source or author of the borrowed ideas or statements within the running text. IWustration Uustration materials such as charts, graphs, diagrams and photos are always helpful, The writer should use them to clarify and support the text. They can be used to show situations or trend or movement. Judgment i ‘The writer should qualify the data and information gathered by judicious weighing. ‘This can be done by following these criteria: 1.) Most ample 2.) Most pertngnt or relevant 3.) The simplest in explaining the facts with the least additional evidence 4.) Most harmonious with thé rest of the data and information. In every cade, the evidence used as a basis of judgment (asin conclusions and recommendations) should be included in the report. Knowledge ‘The communicatc knowledge is not only and formulation of cor p> useless Logie Logic is chiefly a places. It shows the r thinking logically, one not contradict each oth ‘must move in one dirt make sense. 5.) Judgn should be clearly distis be inferred if they hay accepted if e is biased: Mechanical Neatness This is the general + properly margined, fe smudges. | Headings and sub = Make the organization ‘Normal Procedure The report is easie, ‘writer must follow the the writer deviates fro explaining his reasons Objectivity In technical writr ‘uninterested observer + * point of view is prefer. or observes it. Technic: ‘The repor is easies > writer must follow the =‘an ethical standard. are correct. In report reused. You should port easy to read and 1 pacing, sequence, ammatical correction, ‘gical and clear. The illustrated or stated. should never expect, from point to point, y and gives him the 2tes, endnotes or cite 1 the running text. 4 photos are always xt. They can be used #judicious weighing. +.) Most pertinent of additional evidence 1 In every case, the mendations) should Nature of Technical Writing 9 Knowledge The communication of knowledge is the primary objective of the report, but knowledge is not only a collection of data or information. It involves interpretation and formulation of conclusions. Without sound interpretation, the data will become useless, Logic Logic is chiefly a process of classification. It is putting things in their proper places. It shows the relations among groups of things and classes of groups. By thinking logically, one can avoid the following trouble areas: 1.) Statements must ‘ot contradict each other. 2.) Words must be used in consistent sense. 3.) Statements ‘must move in one direction whether space, time or relation. 4.) Statements must ‘make sense. 5.) Judgments must not be based on few data. 6.) Cause-and effect should be clearly distinguished from simple sequence, 7.) Conclusions should not be inferred if they have no connection with the data. 8,) An authority should not be accepted ifhe is biased orhe is not an expertin the particular field, Mechanical Neatness This is the general appearance ofthe report. It must be neatly encoded or typed, Properly margined, free from typographical errors, erasures, crossing-outs ‘and smudges. i Headings and subheadings and indentions are mechanical devices, which help make the organization of the content clear, Normal Procedure 1 ‘The report is easier to understand if it conforms to the standard practices. The ‘writer must follow the acceptable arrangement of the different part of report, If the writer deviates from the normal procedure, he should inform his readers by explaining his reasons for doing it. | Objectivity 4 In technical writing, the writer should consider himself as another person, uninterested observer or an innocent bystander. In this! instance, the third person Point of view is preferred, The writer should treat his subject matter the way he sees ‘or observes it. Technical reports avoid the use of the firtt person (I, me, my) Normal Procedure { ‘The report is easier to understand if it conforms to the standard practices: The ‘writer must follow the acceptable arrangement ofthe different pars ofa report. Ifthea AG tte ond Rago: rig writer deviates from the normal procedure, he should inform his readers by ‘explaining his reasons for doing it. Planning ‘This is primary in all activities. This gives the purpose and direction to what the technical writer has to write. This involves thinking ahead of what one has to do, ‘when to do it and who is to doit. This will be reflected in a well-organized report. Qualification ‘The technical writer should select only those statements that have direct relationship with the topic being discussed. The writer should evaluate the ideas or statements he will include in the writing of the report. Revision ‘This consists of more than merely correcting the spelling, punctuation, spacing ‘and margin erors. The writer must also check every statement for sense and relevance ‘and be sure that he has said all that must be said. An effective report is all that is required to perfection, The secret of good writing is rewriting i Straight Sentences ‘ Sentences carry the full weight of the meaning in a report. The sentence to be ‘employed must be limited to only one idea or to closely related ideas. To avoid ‘monotony, vary your sentence structure and employ appropriate transitional devices. By employing such devices, there will be a smooth transition from sentence to sentence. They will show the readers the writer's thoughts leading him to what the ‘writer wants to communicate. ‘Thoroughness i ‘The writer should treat well his subject matter. The writer should check the thoroughness of his report from initial thinking to final submission. The weiter is obliged to go over the subject, analyze and investigate it, organize and interpret the results and draw conclusions whether it is positive or negative. Unity I ‘A report is unified when everything is clearly relevant to the main point under discussion, Nothing should be left hanging. No question should be left unanswered. ‘Afterall, the main objective of a unified report is to let the readers feel thak they hhave read everything essential to the subject undertaken. i : ‘Viewpoint A report is writte researcher or an autho bbe maintained consiste Word Choice ‘The writer should Avoid words which ar Zest Write only about t as though you were pe Writing should no enjoyable and pleasure Below are the imp,fer his readers by direction to what the what one has to do, stlorganized report, ‘ate that have direct ‘evaluate the ideas or Punctuation, spacing srsense and relevance 'e report is all that is 1. The sentence to be lated ideas. To avoid ‘transitional devices. ‘on from senterice to «ding him to what the ter should check the rission. The writer is nize and interpret the the main point under dbe left unanswered, readers fee! that they Nature of Technical Writing WA tre of Technical Writing 4 Viewpoint Arreport is written from a certain viewpoint: that of a reporter, proponent, researcher or an author. The viewpoints established inthe first sentence and should bbemaintained consistently throughout the report. Voice unity should also be observed. Word Choice The writer should choose the words that are fit to the reader's understanding. Avoid words which are difficult to understand. Lest ‘Write only about things that are worth writing and which are invigorating. Write 4s though you were performing a service that only you can perform. Writing should not be regarded as something difficult but something that is enjoyable and pleasurable. Below are the important “end” products of technical writing: 1. Technical Report 2. Abstract 3. Feasibility Report 4. Business Letter 11, Article fora Technical Joumal 12, Monograph 13, Memorandum 14, Graphic Aids 15, Specification ll 16, Printed Action Memo 17. Survey Report 18, Letter Report 19, Laboratory Report 20, Technical Paper i iC Teetmical and Report Writing ‘Technical Report ‘This provides useful information about a complete program of work, for reference and permanent record. Contract ‘Thisis formal agreement between two or more persons; organization or parties to do something on mutually agreed terms. Feasibility Report ‘This represents facts and information intended to make the reader realize that the proposed project or plan is financially, economically, and technically, significant as well as beneficial. Business Letter This is a written communication or message used to transact business which ‘cannot be conveniently conducted orally. Brochure i This is a pamphlet or printed information material given to a customer in order to convince or persuade him to take action on the company's services, ideds or products offered. Abstract ‘ i This is a summarized form of resume of a long piece of writing. Instructional Manual This contains directions for work procedure or policies or for the us of technical equipment or appliances. Instruction relies on clear, specific, complete direetions presented in sequential order. Directions of complicated step-by-step procedures, should be accompanied by graphic illustration. Proposal i ‘This contains suggestions for actions, usually involving change or performance. Itmay be to solve a problem, suggest a new project sit, revise a policy or initiate a researcher repoit project or terminate a project. { | Progress Report | ‘This contains an account of what has been accomplished on a project ayer a specific period of time and what may be expected in the next period. 2A plan of action business and industr, Article for a Techni A technical paper introduction, discuss Monograph “This is a thorou, documentation, ‘Memorandum 4 This is an impor ‘company and its bran ‘Graphic Aids This refers toall pi © important details in a Specification This contains det Construction, theory 0 information. Printed Action Mem This prepared form its message. Survey Report This is a thorough markets for products, ‘community resources. | site for a new plant, ‘Trip Report An account of abu > Places, events, conver: what, why and how alsys if work, for reference ganization or parties «reader realize that shnically, significant sact business which ‘customer in order 's services, ideas or iting. «tthe use of technical complete directions -by-step procedures inge or performance, policy or initiate a ‘on a project over a veriod. Nature of Technical Writing 13 Policy A plan of action adopted or preserved by an individual, government, party, ‘business and industry or it may be a document containing a contract of insurance. Article for a Technical Journal Atechnical paper which will be published in a journal. It contains an abstract, an introduction, discussion and summarizing, concluding sentence ot paragraph, Monograph, This is a thorough textbook treatment which requires full illustration and documentation, Memorandum This is an important form of written communication circulated within the ‘company and its branches which is used to disseminate a message or information. ‘Graphic Aids } This refers to all pictures, graphs, diagrams and othet materials used in ilhstrating important details in a report. 1 Specification , This contains detailed information about perforiiance courses, materials for onstruction, theory of operations, sample calculations table and operating data and information. Printed Action Memo ‘This prepared form requires only a check mark in an appropriate square to indicate its message. ; Survey Repert 4 This i a thorough study of any subject, Some subjects of surveys are potential markets for products, labor policies, market punctuation, public opinions and community resouress, Examples are pol surveys andsutvey onthe study ofa possible site for anew plant. Trip Report i ‘An account ofa business or professional trip. It refords specific and significant Places, events, conversations and people met. It atteripts to answer where, when, ‘What, why and how also. It may have a recommendatin section,A__Rachntoal and Report Wriing Laboratory Report ‘A record of procedures and results of laboratory tests. It describes the scope of a project, the equipment utilized, the procedures used, the results of tests and a conclusion and recommendation. Technical Paper A research paper written fora professional journal or magazine. Technical papers usually describe a theory or new development. They resemble technical reports in ‘most respects. The main difference lies on the fact that the audience for a technical paper is wider and more diverse. Direction of Communication ‘The types of communications that one writes must consider the direction of a ‘communication which can be upward (to supervisors) lateral (to peers) downward (to subordinates) and outward (to customers, public interest groups, stockholders, and goverament and others). Upward communications are usually addressed to ‘managers and supervisors who are often busy. The communication should be concise and direct, They need thorough information. The definition of technical terms and brief summary of the whole communication are needed to save reading time, Lateral communication is addressed to peers who may share the writer's expertise in the field. It may be ideas or projects that affect their own research or jobs. Since ‘one cannot invade a peer’s territory, the tone should only suggest not command. If the reader shares with the writer's professional background, then the technical writer {is concerned with the technical vocebulary, symbols and abbreviations need not be used. Downward communication is addressed to employees and technicians Who ‘are most concemed with how to increase their productivity and their incomes. Since they need to see how their jobs fit into the overall company operation, the pier should explain as wel as give directions, Outward communications go outside the company and the techniques of upkyard communication are used, These are a group of busy people, so that what they nééd is ‘communication that is simple, with the terms defined and a thorough discussion of facts and ideas. Potential customers want to know the cost, use and durability ofthe products. The public wants information on how one’s ideas will affect the environthent: or the economy, and the stockholders want to know whether the organizatitin conforming to government regulations or how it affects the natural economy. | However, not all communications go in one direction. Sometimes, the readers ‘can be combined, For instance, if one publishes a technical article in a te journal, the communication goes outside ofthe company and it also addresses peers in the profession. If one writes aleter to the President or Manager of ‘company, the communication goes outward as well as upward. So to analyze the readers, one must be sure to know the direction of the communication, Exercises: ‘A. Study Questions 1. Define technic 2. Discuss the fur 3. Differentiate te 4. Describe an eff 5. Discuss the rele B TrueorFalse. W ‘Wrong on the b] |. Inw read 2. Wor selec 3. Tech scier 5. Atec 4 Tesh 6. Tech matt Bide Ame —___ 8. Tech cond Po 9) TootsLZ i Navi of Techneal Writing _18 Exercises: 1 ribes the scope of a i ults of tests and a A. Study Questions 1. Define technical writing in your own words. i | 2 Discuss the fundamental characteristics of technical writing, ee 3 | clea 3. Differentiate technical writing from literary writing. : i 5 4. Describe an effective technical writing. : Pees 5. Discuss the relevance of technical writing in our present world. 4 ‘9 peers) downward i rca B. Tew or False. Write Tif the statement is correct. False ifthe statement i aa should be concise prTene on fhe blanks pecvided, and feaeiee: 1, Inwrting a technical report, there'dhould always be target, ‘he writer's expertise oe L-cisiekan saith 2. Words and expressions used in technical writing are not properly 3 athe technical writer sone 1 4 peetenhe 3. Technical writing updates the readers with developments in 4 capper ed science and technology. aperation, the writer 4. Technical writing highly utilizes special writing techniques. echniques of upward 5. A technical report does not deal with factual information. hhat what they need! i orough discussion of 6. Technical writing and literary writing deal with the same subject and durability ofthe © = © et ffectthe environment i « the organization is 7. An effective technical report arousés the emotions of the reader. tural economy. metimes, the readers r ‘8. Technical writing highly makes use of the scientific method of article in a research | conducting research, t 4 also addresses one’s f = ? Manager of another 9. Technical writing is writing about day topic. xd. So to analyze the 1 nication. “|/36__Technical and Report Writing ______ 10. Intechnical writing abstract language is preferred than conerete ES 5. language. i 5 11, “Technical reports are good instruments for spreading out ec 67 innovations. Re an os 12, “Technical wing gives instructions. 87; 13, Technical writing serves asa basis for management decision. = oH 14, Judicious weighing of evidence is not necessary in technical i reports. ‘ 10.7 th 15, A good technical writer possesses insights, perceptiveness and : the ability to adapt to requirements. °D. Collect fiverep Identify the put 16, Atechnical report isnot written froma scientific point of view. 17. Technical writing doesnot involve special knowledge. B Gettwoshortart ‘onthe activities 18, Themain objective of technical wrtingis to convey specific piece ofinformation. 1B Clip and mount 19, Generalizations in technical writing are derived from the writing. Evalus ‘observation of facts, audience forma 20, Technical writing highly utilizes technical vocabulary. C. Give the principle of technical writing tats described by each of the following statements, : i 1, Writing should not be regarded as something difficult but something thats enjoyable and pleasurable, + 2. ‘The writeris sure that he ssid enough to satisfy the reader's needs and he has realized his objectives. E 3. Ttrmust be maintained consistently throughout the report. 4. Itrmust follow the proper margin, free from typographical ero and erasures“erred than concrete ading out vent decision, essary in technical -eptiveness and, point of view. ‘ledge. vey specific piece from the lary. zach of the following thing difficult but ‘the reader's needs he report. graphical errors, E. Gettwo shortaticls in: Nature of Technical Writing 17 >. Itis more than the checking of the spelling, punctuation marks, spacing and margins, ©. ‘The technical writer must be decisive of what heis writing about ‘There must be no flowery words, the ideas must be explicit. ‘The technical writer must emphasize the most important ideas, He must qualify the information and data by judicious weighing. 10. The technical writer must follow the acceptable arrangement of the different parts of the report. Collect five reports from a jourmal ora magazine in your field of specialization. Identify the purpose of each report. your collection (from Exercise D) and analyze them based ‘on the activities of good report waiting, Justify your answer, Clip and mount on bond paper two comparatively short samples of technical Writing, Evaluate them with regard to purpose, subject matter, significance, ‘audience format and ability to influence.