Drowning Neglected

Rectangular sharp crested weirs - Francis Formula

Sharp Edged Rectangular Weir

Full width - modular flow
Approach velocity neglected
Model 3.1.1

Sharp edged Rectangular Weir

With end contractions - modular flow
Approach velocity neglected
Model 3.1.2

Sharp edged Rectangular Weir

With end contractions -modular flow
Including approach velocity
Model 3.1.3

Rectangular sharp crested weir

Discharge
(m3/s)
0.600
d/s water level
(mAOD)
0.700
Weir crest level
(mAOD)
1.000
Width b
(m)
3.646

Rectangular sharp crested weir

Discharge
(m3/s)
0.250
d/s water level
(mAOD)
0.900
Weir crest level
(mAOD)
1.000
Width b
(m)
1.000

Rectangular sharp crested weir

Discharge
(m3/s)
0.250
d/s water level
(mAOD)
0.900
Weir crest level
(mAOD)
1.000
Width b
(m)
1.000

Discharge Coefficient Cd

Discharge Coefficient Cd

0.623
0.275
2

Discharge Coefficient Cd
Head Over Weir
(m)
Number of contractions

0.623
0.265
0

0.945
0.275
0.000
1.275

Effective width be

1.000

Head over weir

(m)
Error in head over weir
Upstream WL
(mAOD)
Freefall

0.100

Width
Depth
Area
Velocity v

Head over weir

Upstream WL

(m)
(mAOD)

Freefall
Assumptions
Approach velocity neglected
Suppressed rectangular weir
Cd = 0.623

0.623
0.200
1.200
0.300

Head over weir

Number of contractions
Effective width be
(m)

Assumptions
Approach velocity neglected
End contractions considered
Cd = 0.623

Invert

(m)

Upstream Channel
(mAOD)

alpha
v2/2g
Total head over weir
Qf
Error in discharge
Upstream WL

0.000

(m)
(mAOD)
(m2)
(m/s)

2.000
1.265
2.529
0.099

(m)

1
0.000
0.265

mAOD
Freefall

0.251
-0.001
1.265
0.100

Drowning Considered

Assumptions
Approach velocity considered
End contractions considered
Cd = 0.623

Sharp edged Rectangular Weir

full width - partially drowned
Approach velocity neglected
Model 3.1.4

Sharp edged Rectangular Weir

End contractions - partially drowned
Approach velocity neglected
Model 3.1.5

Sharp crested Rectangular Weir

Model 3.1.6
Approach velocity neglected

Rectangular sharp crested weir

Discharge
0.300
(m3/s)
d/s water level
(mAOD)
1.050
Weir crest level
(mAOD)
1.000
Width b
(m)
1.000
Discharge Coefficient Cd
0.623

Rectangular sharp crested weir

Discharge
0.100
(m3/s)
d/s water level
(mAOD)
1.050
Weir crest level
(mAOD)
0.900
Width b
(m)
1.000
Discharge Coefficient Cd
0.623

Rectangular sharp crested weir

Discharge
0.300
(m3/s)
d/s water level
(mAOD)
1.050
Weir crest level
(mAOD)
1.000
Width b
(m)
1.000
Discharge Coefficient Cd
0.623

Extent of drowning h2 (m)

Head over weir
(m)
Qf
(m3/s)

0.050
0.304
0.308

Qs
Error in Q
Upstream WL

0.300
0.000
1.304
-0.050

Extent of drowning h2 (m)

Head over weir
(m)
Number of contractions
Effective width be
(m)

Extent of drowning h2 (m)

Head over weir
(m)
Number of contractions
Effective width be
(m)

(m3/s)
mAOD
Freefall

Assumptions
If weir fully submerges and ceases to
be a control, then results inapplicable
Cd = 0.623

Qf
Qs
Error in Q
Upstream WL

(m3/s)
(m3/s)
mAOD
Freefall

0.150
0.196
2
0.9608918
0.153
0.100
0.000
1.096
-0.150

Assumptions
If weir fully submerges and ceases to
be a control, then results inapplicable
Cd = 0.623

Notes
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
File

Input data to cells with blue type

Calcluation cells in SI units.
Use 0.623 as default weir discaharge coefficient (see reference below)
These models are of varying complexity. For outline design purposes the model 3.1.1 should be adequate.
The bright green cell marked freefall refers to the freeboard between the crest of the weir and the downstream water level.
Where this number is negative the weir is drowned.
Qf is the discharge assuming no drowning
Qs is the corrected discharge to account for the drowning
The cell "Width b" refers to the weir crest length

Reference
Featherstone R.E. & Nalluri C. Civil Engineering Hydraulics pp 66
Featherstone R.E. & Nalluri C. Civil Engineering Hydraulics pp 70 (drowning)
Version
0.1 addition of notes
0.2 Checked, Notes & corrections added.

Invert
Width
Depth
Area
Velocity v

0.050
0.316
2
0.937

Upstream Channel
(mAOD)
0
(m)
2
(mAOD)
1.316
2
(m )
2.63273722
(m/s)
0.114

alpha
v2/2g

(m)

Total head over weir

Qf
Qs
Error in discharge
Upstream WL

1
0.001
0.317

(m3/s)
(m3/s)

0.308
0.300
0.000
1.316
-0.050

mAOD
Freefall
Assumptions
If weir fully submerges and ceases to
be a control, then results inapplicable
Cd = 0.623

Sharp crested Rectangular Weir

Sharp crested weir for flow measurement

Kindsvater-Carter Formula
Dimensions and head
Water Level
(mAOD)
1.100
Invert level
(mAOD)
0.000
Weir crest level
(mAOD)
1.000
Crest length b
(m)
1.000
Channel Width B
(m)
2.000
head h
(m)
0.100
b/B
0.500
weir height p
(m)
1.000
Effective head and crest width
effective head he
(m)
0.099

kb
2.4
2.4
2.7
3.6
4.1
4.2
3.3
-0.9

0.2
0.4
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1

2.4
2.7
3.6
4.1
4.2
3.3
-0.9

Coefficient of Discharge
a

1.003

0.587

0.2

0.589

0.001

0.2

0.589

0.4

0.591

(m)
0.0032
Discharge Coefficient Ce
a
0.5920
a'
0.0100
Ce
0.5930

0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7

0.591
0.592
0.593
0.594

0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8

0.592
0.593
0.594
0.596

0.8
0.9
1

0.596
0.598
0.602

0.9
1.0

0.598
0.602

b/B
0
0.2
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1

a'
-0.0023
-0.0018
0.0058
0.01
0.018
0.03
0.045
0.064
0.075

0.2
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0

-0.0018
0.0058
0.01
0.018
0.03
0.045
0.064
0.075

(m)

kh

(m)

Discharge
Discharge Q

0.0547

BS3680:Part 4A (9.6.1.3) Checks

max h/p
2.5
ok
Min h (m)
0.030
ok
Min b
0.150
ok
Min p
0.100
ok

Notes
1
2
3
4
File

b/B
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1

b/B

effective width be
kb

Effective width

Input data to cells with blue type

Calcluation cells in SI units.
This model should not be used without reference to BS 3680:4A
BS 3680:4A also describes the methodology for calculating the flow over V notch weirs.

Reference
BS 3680 : Part 4A : 1981 Measurement of liquid flow in open channels. - Method using thin plate weirs.
Version
0.1
addition of notes

Broad Crested Rectangular Weir

Broad Crested Rectangular Weir

Model 3.2
Freefall

0.500

Rectangular sharp crested weir

Discharge
(m3/s)
0.200
d/s water level (mAOD)
0.000
Weir crest level (mAOD)
0.500
Width b

(m)

Discharge Coefficient C
Head over weir
(m)
Upstream head (mAOD)

2.000
0.855
0.093
0.593

C for the following values of h1/L

Lookup table for C

L
p
C est
h1

0.5
0.4
0.916

h1/p
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4

0.089

0.5

0.882

0.882

0.882

0.883

0.894

0.909

0.929

0.954

0.978

1.005

1.032

1.057

1.083

1.109

1.133

1.154

1.173

1.188

h1/p

0.2

0.6

0.892

0.892

0.892

0.894

0.904

0.920

0.941

0.964

0.990

1.016

1.043

1.067

1.094

1.120

1.143

1.164

1.182

1.196

h1/L

0.2
0.855
-0.061

0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6

0.901
0.911
0.921
0.929
0.935
0.941
0.946
0.953
0.961
0.972

0.901
0.911
0.921
0.929
0.937
0.944
0.951
0.959
0.968
0.978

0.901
0.912
0.922
0.931
0.940
0.949
0.957
0.967
0.975
0.985

0.906
0.916
0.926
0.936
0.946
0.956
0.966
0.975
0.984
0.994

0.916
0.926
0.936
0.946
0.956
0.966
0.977
0.986
0.997
1.010

0.932
0.942
0.952
0.962
0.972
0.982
0.993
1.005
1.018
1.030

0.952
0.962
0.972
0.982
0.993
1.004
1.016
1.028
1.040
1.050

0.975
0.985
0.996
1.006
1.017
1.028
1.040
1.050
1.061
1.073

1.000
1.010
1.021
1.031
1.042
1.053
1.063
1.075
1.086
1.096

1.026
1.036
1.046
1.056
1.066
7.077
1.089
1.101
1.111
1.119

1.052
1.062
1.072
1.081
1.092
1.103
1.114
1.124
1.134
1.142

1.077
1.086
1.096
1.106
1.115
1.126
1.136
1.147
1.156
1.164

1.104
1.112
1.120
1.128
1.138
1.148
1.158
1.168
1.176
1.184

1.129
1.136
1.143
1.150
1.159
1.168
1.178
1.187
1.196
1.204

1.152
1.158
1.163
1.169
1.177
1.186
1.196
1.206
1.215
1.224

1.171
1.176
1.181
1.187
1.195
1.204
1.214
1.224
1.235
1.245

1.188
1.194
1.199
1.204
1.212
1.222
1.232
1.244
1.258
1.268

1.203
1.209
1.214
1.220
1.228
1.237
1.250
1.266
1.277
1.289

C lookup
C error

Assumptions
Approach velocity neglected
Suppressed rectangular weir
C = 0.855

0.1
0.850
0.855
0.864
0.873

0.2
0.850
0.855
0.864
0.873

0.3
0.850
0.855
0.864
0.873

0.4
0.861
0.864
0.868
0.874

0.5
0.870
0.874
0.879
0.885

0.6
0.885
0.888
0.894
0.901

0.7
0.893
0.907
0.913
0.920

0.8
0.925
0.930
0.936
0.945

0.9
0.948
0.954
0.961
0.969

1.0
0.971
0.977
0.986
0.995

1.1
0.993
1.001
1.011
1.021

1.2
1.016
1.026
1.037
1.047

1.3
1.039
1.050
1.061
1.072

1.4
1.062
1.074
1.085
1.097

1.5
1.085
1.096
1.110
1.122

1.6
1.106
1.120
1.132
1.144

1.7
1.130
1.142
1.152
1.163

1.8
1.148
1.159
1.169
1.180

Notes
1 Input data to cells with blue type
2 Calcluation cells in SI units.
3 The use of the automatic lookup table is optional - the value of the discharge coefficient may be inputted manually if preferred
4 The weir calculation is according to BS3680 part 4E
5 The weir is supressed - the crest width is the same as the upstream channel.
6 BS3680 does not define the performance under submerged conditions, however it does define the limits to which the free flow calculations are applicable - See Annex B.
7 A correction for submerged (drowned) flow may be made according to the reference for drowning of sharp crested weirs.
8 The bright green cell marked freefall refers to the freeboard between the crest of the weir and the downstream water level.
Where this number is negative the weir is drowned.
9 Bos M.G. Provides a more detailed discussion of varoius forms of broad crested weir.
10 The shaded areas of the graph are not recommended for measurement purposes.
11 The bright green cell marked freefall refers to the freeboard between the crest of the weir and the downstream water level.
File

Reference
BS 3680 Measurement of liquid flow in open channels Part 4 E Rectangular Broad Crested Weirs
See also
Bos M.G. Discharge Measurement Structures pp28
Version
0.1 addition of notes

V Notch Weir

Freefall

-0.100

V Notch Weir

V Notch Weir

3.3 Free Discharging V Notch

3.3d V Notch subject to drowning

Discharge
(m3/s)
Weir crest level (mAOD)
u/s head
(mAOD)

0.200
0.000
0.462

Angle of V root degrees

Discharge Coefficient Cd

0.585

Upstream head above crest

0.462

90

Discharge
Weir crest level
d/s water level
Upstream water level
Extent of drowning h2

(m3/s)
(mAOD)
(mAOD)
(mAOD)

0.200
1.000
1.100
1.463

(m)

0.100

Angle of V root
degrees
Discharge Coefficient Cd
Upstream head above crest
Qf
(m3/s)
Qs
(m3/s)
Error in Q

90
0.585
0.463
0.202
0.200
0.000

Notes
1 Input data to cells with blue type
2 Calcluation cells in SI units.
3 Use 0.585 as default weir discharge coefficient where The root angle is 90 degrees (see reference below)
Model 3.3 and 3.3d differ only in the consideration of the drowning of the weir
4 The bright green cell marked freefall refers to the freeboard between the crest of the weir and the downstream water level.
Where this number is negative the weir is drowned.
5 Qf is the discharge assuming no drowning
6 Qs is the corrected discharge to account for the drowning
File
Reference
Henderson Open Channel Flow p178
Featherstone R.E. & Nalluri C. Civil Engineering Hydraulics pp 70 (drowning)
Version
0.1 addition of notes

Rectangular Flumes

Flume

Flume

Flume

Model 3.4.1 (simplified)

Model 3.4.2 (simplified)

Model 3.4.3 (including drowned condition)

Level invert

Inverts may be unequal

y (u/s) / y(d/s)
(assuming free flow)

Drowning not considered

Chainage
Discharge
Invert
u/s WL
u/s TEL
Width b
Width B
Length
Area
Velocity V1

(m3/s)
(mAOD)
(mAOD)
(mAOD)
Throat
(m)
Upstream
(m)
(m)
(m2)

(m/s)
Froude Number Fr
y1

Depth

v /2g
Kinetic head
Total Energy - Flume
Total Energy - Channel
2
1

error

1.448

Condition OK
Flume

Flume
0.600
0.100

Chainage
Discharge

0.000
0.257
0.278

d/s Invert
d/s WL
d/s TEL
u/s Invert
u/s WL
u/s TEL
Hump level

0.400
0.600
1.000
0.154

Width b

0.650
0.409

Width B
Length

0.257

(mAOD)
(mAOD)
(mAOD)
(mAOD)
(mAOD)
(mAOD)
(mAOD)
Throat
(m)

0.022
0.278
0.278

1.000
1.000

u/s WL
u/s TEL

(m2)

0.435

(m/s)

0.230
0.111

(m3/s)

1.000
0.230

(mAOD)
(mAOD)
(mAOD)
(mAOD)
(mAOD)
(mAOD)
(mAOD)

0.000
0.500
0.508
0.000
0.579
0.587
0.000

Chainage
Discharge

y1

Depth

v12/2g

Ref

error

0.050

ok

10.6.1

Approach Fr
max b/B

0.5
0.7

ok
ok

10.6.2
10.6.2

Min b

0.1

ok

10.6.3

BS3680:Part 4C Checks

3
2.000

ok
ok

10.6.3
10.6.3

Min y1
Approach Fr

3.228

(mAOD)
(mAOD)
(mAOD)
(mAOD)
(mAOD)
(mAOD)
(mAOD)
h est

IF FREE FLOW
Width b
Length

IF DROWNED

0.435

0.300

(m)
(m)
(m2)

1.000
1.000
0.579

(m/s)

Froude Number Fr

0.000
0.500
0.508
0.200
1.169
1.171
0.300
0.669
0.500
3.000
0.600
5000

Coefficients CV and CD
temp

(m)

Width B
Length
Area
Velocity V1

mm

L/k

Upstream

0.637
0.637
0.000

(m)
(m)

Roughness
0.635
0.642

Width b

0.003

1.000
0.200

Throat
0.579
0.587

u/s WL
u/s TEL

(m3/s)

d/s Invert
d/s WL
d/s TEL
u/s Invert
u/s WL
u/s TEL
Hump level

Throat

Total Energy - Flume

Total Energy - Channel

max y/b
max y

0.000
0.500
0.508
0.200
0.635
0.837
0.300
0.300

Kinetic head

Min y1

For Flow Measurement BS3680

y (u/s) / y(d/s) (assuming
free flow)
Condition OK
Flume

Flume
Chainage
Discharge

Upstream
(m)
(m)

Froude Number Fr

0.000

BS3680:Part 4C Checks

1.000
0.100

d/s Invert
d/s WL
d/s TEL
u/s Invert
u/s WL
u/s TEL
Hump level

Area
Velocity V1

Model 3.4.4

For Measurement: Invalid

For Calculation: Free Flow

(m3/s)

Flume

Inverts may be unequal

y (u/s) / y(d/s)
(assuming free
1.158
flow)

degrees

16

Kinematic viscosity

1.11E-06

Re

4.2E+06

0.397

Check L/k>4000
Check 100000>L/k
Check Re >2 X 105
CD

ok
ok
ok
0.9446

0.167

CV

1.002
Head Calculation

max by/B(y+p)
Min b

Ref

Depth

y1

0.579

0.050
0.5

ok
ok

10.6.1
10.6.2

v12/2g
Kinetic head
Total Energy - Flume

0.008
0.587

0.7
0.1

ok
ok

10.6.2
10.6.3

Total Energy - Channel

error

0.587
0.000

ok
ok

10.6.3
10.6.3

Drowning

max y/b
3
max y
2.000
p refers to the height of the hump
Notes

Exit losses
Throat Invert (hump)

0.869
Upstream
Width B

(m)

1.000

Length
Area
Velocity V1

(m)
(m2)

1.000
0.969

(m/s)

0.206
0.067
0.869

Froude Number Fr
0.000

Throat depth

h est

0.446

Depth

v12/2g

0.150

Kinetic head

V2

1.71712

y1

0.969

v12/2g

0.002

Input data to cells with blue type

Kinetic head

Input data in cells with blue text

Thraot Velocity

3
4
5

Calcluation cells in SI units

These calculations should be undertaken with reference to BS 3680 Measurement of liquid flow in open channels Part 4C
The checks shoen herew refer only to the hydraulic conditions at the flume entry. The conditons for the

This estimation is based on the exit and entry losses to a constriction described in the openchannel flow models accompaning this spreadsheet

V3
Throat FR
Downstream Velocity
expansion losses
K
(v1-v3)2/2g
Total Energy - Downstream
error E d/s
Total Energy - Throat
Entry losses
Upstream invert
Upstream depth
v12/2g
Kinetic head

It should be used for guidance only, particularly over the transition between modula and drowned flow. The boundary is not clear and requires calibration.

Thraot Velocity

V2

0.36206

1.79E-006

0.00000152

Model 3.4.4 is suitable for use in the calibration of flumes provided that all the checks in the model are ok
The method is according to section 10.4 of BS3680:4C
The calculation of the Renolds number is using equation 72 - Appendix C.4.2 BS3680:4C
If the checks are not ok then the method described in the British Standard should be employed (10.4.2; Appendix C)
The consideration of drowned flow is evaluated on the assumption that the flume expansion is not truncated. See section 10.3.1 of BS 3680:4C
The model for open channel flow is included to calculate the kinetic head for the discharge channel
(which is required for calculating the headlosses through a submerged flume)

V3
Throat FR
entry loss
K
loss
Total Energy - Throat
error - throat energy
Total Energy - Upstream

0.14503
0.3
0.04508
0.597
0.000
0.642

5
10
15
20
25
30

1.52E-006
1.31E-006
1.14E-006
1.01E-006
0.0000009
8.10E-007

10
15
20
25
30

0.00000131
0.00000114
0.00000101
0.00000090
0.00000081

6
7
8
9
10

11

12
13

approach conditons and the roughness and length of the throat must also be checked.
The ratio of depth upstream and downstream as a condition for flow measurement is with respect to the invert of the throat (including hump if present)
The BS checks refer to the undrowned conditions
For outline design where the invert is level model 3.4.1 may be used, however an independent check for drowning
of the flume must be made
For outline design where the invert is may not be level and a model 3.4.1 may be used, acheck on drowning is included in this model.
Model 3.4.3 is similar to model 3.4.2 except that it includes an estimation of the behaviour of the flume under drowned conditions.

File
References
BS 368addition of notes
Version
0.1

Total Energy - Channel

0.82047
0.39988
0.3

BS3680:Part 4C Checks
Min y1

0.088
0.508
0.000
0.597
0.000
0.635
0.007

BS3680:Part 4C Checks
Min y1
0.050
Approach Fr
0.5
max by/B(y+p)
0.7
Min b
0.1
max y/b
3
max y
2.000
p refers to the height of the hump

ok
ok
ok
ok
ok
ok

0.971
error

0.000

0.050

ok

Ref
10.6.1

Approach Fr
0.5
max by/B(y+p)
0.7
Min b
0.1
max y/b
3
max y
2.000
p refers to the height of the hump

ok
ok
ok
ok
ok

10.6.2
10.6.2
10.6.3
10.6.3
10.6.3

Temperature - Kinematic Viscosity

Ref
10.6.1
10.6.2
10.6.2
10.6.3
10.6.3
10.6.3

Sharp Rectangular Orifice

Sharp Rectangular Orifice
Model 3.5
Discharge
(m3/s)
Invert
(mAOD)
d/s water level
(mAOD)
u/s water level
(mAOD)
u/s Total Energy Level (mAOD)
Downstream
y2

d/s depth

0.200
7.000
0.500
1.931
1.933

Sharp Rectangular Orifice

Model 3.5 (simplified)
Discharge
Invert
d/s water level
u/s water level

(m3/s)
(mAOD)
(mAOD)
(mAOD)

0.200
0.000
0.500
1.935

y2

0.500

b (m)
d (m)
A (m2)
(m)
Fr

0.200
0.300
0.060
1.435
1.943

-6.500
d/s depth

Orifice
b (m)
d (m)
A (m2)
(m)
Fr

0.200
0.300
0.060
1.431
1.943

Orifice width
Orifice height
Area
Headloss
Froude Nr

Calculation of Cd
Orofice flush with walls? y/n
Suppression ratio
Cd

n
0.20
0.628

Orofice flush with walls? y/n

Suppression ratio
Cd
Cv (assumed)

Calculation of Cv
Approximate headlos
(m)
Approximate upstream depth (m)
Cv

1.435
1.935
1.001

Orifice width
Orifice height
Area
Headloss
Froude Nr

US Invert
Width

Upstream Conditions
(mAOD)
B (m)
y1 (m)

depth
Velocity
Fr
Kinetic head
Total head

n
0.200
0.628
1.000

0.000
0.600

1.931
0.17
0.04
(m)
0.002
(m above invert) 1.933
(m/s)

Notes
1 Input data to cells with blue type
2 Calcluation cells in SI units
3 The suppression ratio refers to the proportion of the perimeter of the orifice that is flush
with the upstream channel. It is calculated from data input above.
4 The coefficient of discharge Cd is dependant on the suppression ratio and reflects the contraction of the flow enterring the orifice.
5 The coefficient of velocity Cv corrects the headloss according to the approach velocity
6 The upstream head is the sum of the headloss and the downstream head so this structure is not a "control structure" in the strict sense
Strictly, control strucutes regulate the head independantly of the downstream conditions
7 The Froude number is for the flow through the orifice. Contraction downstream of the orifice is neglected so the actual
froude number may be slightly greater than the value calculated here.
8 The downstream depth and drowning of the jet from the orifice must be considered in conjunction with the froude number calculated here.
9 The simplified model neglects the influence of the approach velocity, and does not calculate the
upstream flow conditions (velocity, energy, Froude number)
10 The downstream side of the orifice is assumed to be submerged
File
References
Headloss:
Bos M.G. Discharge Measurement Structures p 273
Cd:
Bos M.G. Discharge Measurement Structures p 273
Cv:
Bos M.G. Discharge Measurement Structures p 30
Version
0.1 addition of notes

Defined Headloss Model

Defined headloss model
Model 3.6
Hydro Brake
Model Number
Chainage
0.000
Discharge
(m3/s)
0.165
(mAOD)
(mAOD)
(mAOD)
(mAOD)
(mAOD)
(mAOD)

0.000
0.200
0.220
0.000
0.488
0.495

headloss (m)

DS Invert
DS WL
DS TEL
US Invert
US WL
US TEL

Defined Headloss - Discharge

Model 3.6
4.000
3.500
3.000
2.500

depth

Downstream
y2

0.200

Upstream
(m)

0.900

Width b

2.000
1.500
1.000
0.500

Area
(m2)
Velocity v
(m/s)
Froude Number
headloss
y1
depth

0.439
0.376
1.414
0.288

v12/2g

0.007

E1

0.495

kinetic head
TEL

Point 1
Point 2
Point 3
Point 4
Point 5
Point 6
Point 7
Point 8
Point 9
Point 10

0.000
0.000

0.200

0.400
0.600
0.800
Discharge (m3/s)

1.000

1.200

0.488

Discharge Headloss
m3/s
m
0.000
0.000
0.050
0.020
0.100
0.050
0.150
0.160
0.190
0.500
0.210
1.000
0.250
1.300
0.300
1.550
0.450
2.100
0.700
2.800
1.000
3.400

Calculations
0.050
0.100
0.150
0.190
0.210
0.250
0.300
0.450
0.700
1.000

0.020
0.050
0.160
0.500
1.000
1.300
1.550
2.100
2.800
3.400

Notes
1 Input data to cells with blue type
2 Calcluation cells in SI units.
3 This model attributes headloss according to the discharge as defined by the table shown
4 If ten data points are not needed the size of the unused part of the table may be left blank
5 Features that can be modelled include hydrobrakes and screens and any other equipment for which headloss is defined by the discharge.
6 Only one value of depth for a given discharge is acceptable therefore hystreysis and other complex performance cannot be modelled - see point 6
7 The "S" section of the hydrobrake performance curve is not modelled, which is not generally
a problem for the design or analysis of a treatment works.
8 Refer to maunfacturers literature for headloss of their equipment
File
Version
0.1 addition of notes

Defined Head - Discharge Model

hydpres.ppt

Defined headloss model

Model 3.6
Hydro Brake
Model Number
Chainage
0.000
Discharge
(m3/s)
0.165
(mAOD)
(mAOD)
(mAOD)
(mAOD)
(mAOD)
(mAOD)

0.000
0.200
0.220
0.000
0.288
0.308

headloss (m)

DS Invert
DS WL
DS TEL
US Invert
US WL
US TEL

Defined Head - Discharge

Model 3.7
4.000
3.500
3.000
2.500

depth

Downstream
y2

2.000

0.200

1.500
Width b

Upstream
(m)

Area
(m2)
Velocity v
(m/s)
Froude Number
y1
depth

0.259
0.638
1.414

v12/2g

0.021

E1

0.308

kinetic head
TEL

Point 1
Point 2
Point 3
Point 4
Point 5
Point 6
Point 7
Point 8
Point 9
Point 10

0.500
0.000
0.000

0.288

Limit of modula flow

Maximum allowable y2/y1
y2/y1
Condition

1.000

0.900

0.200

0.400
0.600
0.800
Discharge (m3/s)

1.000

1.200

0.5

0.70
DROWNED
Discharge Headloss
m3/s
m
0.000
0.000
0.050
0.020
0.100
0.050
0.150
0.160
0.190
0.500
0.210
1.000
0.250
1.300
0.300
1.550
0.450
2.100
0.700
2.800
1.000
3.400

Calculations
0.050
0.100
0.150
0.190
0.210
0.250
0.300
0.450
0.700
1.000

0.020
0.050
0.160
0.500
1.000
1.300
1.550
2.100
2.800
3.400

Notes
1 Input data to cells with blue type
2 Calcluation cells in SI units.
3 This model returns the head accoring to the head - discharge performance defined in the table.
4 If ten data points are not needed the size of the unused part of the table may be left blank
5 Features that can be modelled include hydrobrakes and screens and any other equipment for which headloss is defined by the discharge.
6 Only one value of depth for a given discharge is acceptable therefore hystreysis and other complex performance cannot be modelled.
7 The limits for modula flow define the limits of applicability of the stage discharge performance as defined in this table
File
Version
0.1 addition of notes