Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Abstracts
Compendium of Select Research Papers
(Full text of Papers in CD)
Index
SI.
Content
Page
NO.
No.
I.
CONCEPT PAPER
II.
RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS
2.1 Clinical Research
2.1.2 Taming the Side Effects of Radiotherapy in Oral Carcinoma Patients with
10
11
M.S.Baghel,Arvind
Sisodia,Yogesh
Deole,AYU/VOL.31,Issue4,Oct.-
12
R.Kumar, M. Radhakrishna
13
14
15
16
Prospective
18
Matthias rostock,johannes naumann,corina guethlin, lars guenther, hans h bartsch ,herald walach,
Rostock et al. Bmc cancer 2011, 11-19.
20
Cancer Activity
Published by CCRAS, Department of AYUSH, Govt. of India, New Delhi, in 2009
22
2.2.3 Evaluation of some plant extracts for standardization and anti cancer
activity.
24
S.N. Gaidhani, Arjun Singh, Suman Kumari, G.S.Lavekar, A.S. Juvekar, S. Sen & M.M.Padhi.,
Ind.J. Traditional Know. Vol. 12 (4), Oct. 2013, PP. 682-687.
25
S.N. Gaidhani , G.S Lavekar, A.S. Juvekar, S. Sen, Arjun Singh, Suman Kumari., PHCOG
MAG.,Vol 5, Issue 20 (Suppl.), Oct-Dec, 2009 Page 425-429.
27
Anticancer Formulation.
P Rajalakshmi, C Savariraj Sagayam , P Brindha, International Journal of Pharmacy and
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vol 6, Suppl 1, 26-33.
31
anticancer drug.
T. Sandhyaa, K.M. Lathika a, B.N. Pandeyb, K.P. Mishra. Cancer Letters 231 (2006) 206214.
33
2.2.13 In Vitro Anticancer Activity of the Root, Stem and Leaves of Withania 33
Ayurveda.
Rajesh N. Gacche *, Rafik U. Shaikh, Mahesh M. Pund, Asian Journal of Traditional Medicines,
2011, 6 (3)
2.2.16 Ursolic Acid and Oleanolic Acid Suppress Preneoplastic Lesions Induced 36
Hugh J. Freeman, Gene A. Spiller and Young S. Kim, [CANCER RESEARCH 40, 2661-2665, August
1980]
38
Bandaru S. Reddy, Chinthalapally V. Rao, Abraham Rivenson, CANCER RESEARCH 53. 34933498. August I. 1993
Chemopreventive
potentialof
ferulic
acid
in
7,12- 39
dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced mammary carcinogenesis in Sprague
Dawley rats.
2.2.19
on
colorectal
cancer
induced
by 40
Xu Dong Jia and Chi Han, World Journal of Gastroenterology, 2000; 6(5):699-703.
45
Shoji Fukushima, Hideki Wanibuchi, Wei Li, J Korean Med Sci 2001; 16(Suppl): S75-80.
2.2.26 Inhibitory effect of whole oat on abbrant crypt foci information and colon 46
tumour growth in ICR and BALB/c mice.
Hsueh-Chun Wang a, Chia-Hung Hung b, Jeng-Dong Hsu c, Mon-Yuan Yang b, Shing-Jung Wang d,
Chau-Jong Wang b, Journal of Cereal Science 53 (2011) 73-77.
1990.
III.
52
3.2 Is there a Role for Herbal Medicine in the Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer?
53
54
Stefania Nobili , Donatella Lippi , Ewa Witort , Martino Donnini, Letizia Bausi Enrico Mini ,
Sergio Capaccioli. Pharmacological Research 59 (2009) 365378
55
56
57
58
Sunyana Jain, Vikrant Gill, Neeru Vasudeva, Neelam Singla, Journal of Chinese integrative
Medicine, Nov. 2009, Vol. 7, No.11, 1096- 1099.
59
Kulkarni Anand R, Reddy RG, Marlewar SS, Wadikar SS, Jangle VM, Kulkarni Amruta P.,
International Journal of Experimental Pharmacology, Vol 3 | Issue 2 | 2014 | 47-51.
60
61
Review.
Sushma Kainsa, Praveen Kumar, Poonam Rani, Asian Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical
Sciences, 2(10) 2012, 01-07.
62
63
CONCEPT PAPER
Concept Note
AYUSH in Cancer Care
Cancer is most dreaded disease of the 21st Century and spreading further with continuance and
increasing incidence. Multidisciplinary scientific investigations are making best effort to combat
this disease, but the cure for the disease is still eluding. With the advent of gene therapy some
hopes are there for future management of the disease. Management of cancer includes surgery,
radiation therapy, chemotherapy and biological therapy resulting in cure of >50%patients
diagnosed with cancer. The modern approach to the treatment of cancer has reached the plateau.
Owing to the importance/benefits of traditional medicine WHO included integrative oncology as
one of the primary objective of treatment of cancer besides cure/ prevention of recurrence,
prolongation of life& rehabilitation and improvement of quality of life. Sushruta known as father of
surgery described the disease as a swelling situated either superficially or in deeper structure in
relation to different tissues based entirely on clinical manifestations, course, prognosis and
treatment available in those periods. However, while going through the different ancient literature it
has been observed that there are various types of diseases viz. Apachi or Apachit (multiple lymph
node swelling), Arbuda (tumour), Gulma (lumps especially ih inner organs), Granthi (Cyst),
Asadhya Vrana (non-healing ulcers) etc. described in Ayurveda which closely relate to the present
nomenclature of cancer. Arbuda can be characterized as fleshy elevated swelling, round and fixed
mass, sometimes deep seated, large and non-suppurating, Occasionally painful or painless swelling,
occurring anywhere over the body with predominance of Kapha Dosa involving Mamsa Dhatu.
Treatment of Arbuda has been described elaborately by different Ayurvedic physicians. Caraka has
mentioned the treatment of Arbuda alongwith the treatment of localized Shopha (Granthi) Most of
the Rasayana drugs especially which are Balya (tonic), Brimahana (nutritive), Shramahara (antifatigue) and Jeevaniya (nourishing, anti-oxidant common immunomodulation) will be useful in the
management of these conditions.
The management according to Ayurveda includes Systemic management comprising of
Samshodhan Chikitsa (purifactory), Shaman Chikitsa (palliative), Rasayan Chikitsa (rejuvenative)
and Local treatment viz. Alep (anointing), Parisheka (medicated spray), Kshara Karma(caustic
application) etc. Some medicinal plants such as kancanar (Bauhinia variegata), Lajjalu (Mimosa
pudica), Karveera (Nerium indicum), Kushtha (Sassurea lappa), Bhallataka (Semecarpus
anacardium), Haritaki (Terminalia chebula), Peet-karaveera (Thevetia peruviana), Sadapuspi
(Vinca rosea), Neelapushpa (Viola odorata), Rasona (Allium sativum), Ghritkumari (Aloe vera),
Saptaparna (Alstonia scholaris), Haridra (Curcuma longa), Vrischikali (Heliotropium indicum),
Shigru (Moringa oleifera ), Krishna Jeeraka (Nigella sativa), Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum), Talisha
patra (Taxus buccata ), Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera ) ,Sitaphala (Annona squamosa)etc
have been mentioned in various text of Ayurveda for the management of such diseases.
Scientific evidences: Ayurvedic interventions as add-on therapy to conventional therapies have
proven with some advantages in cancer management such as:
constipation, mucositis and WBC count was maintained in the group treated with Rasayana
Avaleha and chemo therapy when compared to chemo therapy treated group. (Ref. Mankad
Zankhana A clinical study on the role of Rasayana as pre, adjuvant and post treatment of
Chemotherapy in the management of Carcinoma, M.D.(Ayu.) thesis, Gujarat Ayurved University, 2007)
Atharva Anant Kalpa (Hemidesmus indicus) preparation in the cases of cancer subjected to
chemotherapy in the dose of 5 gram b.i.d. during and after chemotherapy and radiotherapy
minimum for three months showed that the drug is found to be effective in the minimizing of
toxicities of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. nausea, loss of appetite, vomiting, diarrhea were
remarkably reduced in more than 60% patients. Maintenance of weight & general wellbeing
was possible as food intake was not hampered, which is commonly observed during the course
of Radiotherapy. (Ref. S P Sardeshmukh & Vasanti Godse - Management of side effects of cancer
chemotherapy with Ananata Kalpa a sugar base Ayurvedic preparation of Ananta (Hemidesmus indicus),
selected research papers published in National Seminar on Management of Cancer through Ayurveda
by R.A.V. , New Delhi, 6-7 Feb. 2012 and S P Sardeshmukh & Shweta Gujar Efficacy of Ananta
Kalpa in reducing side effects of Radiotherapy in oral cancers, selected research papers published in
National Seminar on Management of Cancer through Ayurveda by R.A.V. , New Delhi, 6-7 Feb.
2012.)
CCRAS research contribution on Cancer: CCRAS has conducted some experimental and
clinical studies as under
Screening of medicinal plants on Anticancer Activity: In vitro Screening of 14 Standardized
Plant Extracts Ayurvedic herbs for anti-cancer activity was carried out through ACTREC,
Mumbai on various cell lines using taking leads from Ayurvedic Classical Literature. The study
revealed anti cancer activity of 9 plants extracts viz. Berberis aristata, Piper longum, Picrorhiza
kurroa,Cedrus deodara, Withania somnifera, Phyllanthus embelia, Acorus calamus, Bauhinia
variegata, Terminalia chebula against cancer cell lines. (Report on Screening of single Herbal
drug extracts for potential anti-cancer activity; 2009, Central Council for Research Ayurveda &
Siddha, New Delhi.)
Clinical study on certain indigenous drug for the management of cancer :After primary
screening of number of indigenous drugs i.e. Bhallatak (Semecarpus anacardium, Rohitak
(Amoora rohitak), Madhuyasti (Glycyrrhiza Glabra), Karvir, (Nerium odorum), Gunja (Abrus
precatorius), Guggulu etc. on experimental animals few of them were selected for further study
both in vivo and in vitro. This clinical study was carried out involving 400 cancer cases of either
sex, different types, sites stages for ten years The study concluded that Ayurveda stand alone and
as add-on/ adjuvant therapy to radio/chemo therapies have shown Significant increase in Hb%,
Prevent fall in Hb%, loss in body weight inhabited, significant gain in weight, increase in GAD
levels, increase in survival period, Improved immune status (IgA Levels) when compared to
radio/chemo therapies alone. (Ayurvedic drugs in the management of Cancer; 1999, Central
Council for Research Ayurveda & Siddha, New Delhi)
2
Recent Initiative under taken by the Council in the field of Cancer: Council has developed an
Ayurvedic coded drug AYUSH-QOL 2C for improvement in quality of life in cancer patients.
Prospective double blind placebo controlled clinical trial of AYUSH-QOL 2C as an adjuvant to
chemotherapy/ radiotherapy in Breast Cancer and Lung Cancer patients have been undertaken
which are in progress .
II. RESEARCH
PUBLICATIONS
ABSTRACT
A 16-year-old boy was detected with acute myeloid leukemia (AML M0) with bone marrow
pathology showing 85% blasts in February 07, 1997. He received two cycles of induction
chemotherapy (3+7 protocol) with daunomycin and cytosar, following which he achieved
incomplete remission with bone marrow aspirate showing 14% blasts. Subsequently, the patient
received two cycles of high-dose cytosine arabinoside Ara-C and achieved remission. However,
his disease relapsed on August 29, 1997. Peripheral blood smear showed 6% blast cells and bone
marrow showed 40% blast cells. The patient refused further chemotherapy and/or bone marrow
transplant and volunteered for Ayurvedic therapy (AYT) advocated by the author from
September 09, 1997. Bone marrow studies done after six months of AYT indicated that the
disease was in remission. The AYT was continued for ve years and stopped. Thereafter, the
patient received intermittent maintenance AYT for three months in the next two years. At
present, the patient is normal and healthy and has completed 12 years of disease-free survival
with AYT.
Taming the side effects of radiotherapy in oral carcinoma patients with help of
Ayurvedic Medicine (Clinical Study)
*Dr Sunil Gupta, **Dr H. K. Kushwaha, ***Dr Amita Jhunjhunwala, ****Dr D.P.
Agarwal
*Ph.D Scholar Shalya, NIA, **Prof.&H.O.D. Shalya tantra NIA Jaipur, ***Ph.D Scholar Rasa
Shastra & Bhaishajyakalpana, NIA**** Prof. &H.O.D.Radiotherapy unit S.M.S. Hospital Jaipur
AbstractThe role of an ayurvedic formulation is evaluated to minimize the side effects of radiotherapy
suffering
from oral carcinoma in this study. 30 patients of oral carcinoma were taken for this study and
divided in three groups of 10 patients in each group. Comparative study was done between three
groups by giving radiotherapy alone in one group and ayurvedic formulation + Radiotherapy in
other two groups at different intervals. Results suggested that there was significant reduction of
the side effects in the patients who were taking Ayurvedic formulation along with Radiotherapy.
Department of Kayachikitsa, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
Article Received on: 01/05/12 Revised on: 16/06/12 Approved for publication: 02/07/12
*Email: namalayur@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
According to WHO reports Hepatocellular carcinoma remains an Asian health problem. Its
prevalence disproportionately shares large of the world's nearly 78%. Treatment options of HCC are
limited and the effectiveness of treatment varies due to development of therapy-related adverse
effects in Allopathic medicine. We report herein a case of HCC admitted to Sir Sundarlal Hospital,
Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi was treated with integrated Ayurvedic herbo mineral medicine,
with desirable results of improvement in QoL. The patient was treated with a holistic inter
disciplinary approach i.e., Modern medicine treatment followed by Ayurveda, health education for
cancer care and psychotherapeutic measures such as Yoga, psychological counseling etc. The
symptoms were managed according to its clinical presentation and daily clinical evaluation. This
paper demonstrates the findings of our experience in treating a case of HCC with Ayurvedic herbomineral medicine as an adjuvant treatment for improvement of QoL. Moreover, it emphasized the
needs to be explored Ayurvedic cancer management with more advance methodology.
ABSTRACT
One of the very common side effects of Radiation/Chemotherapy especially of the head and
neck malignancies is mucositis. Cancer therapy or the cancer itself may cause changes in
the body chemistry that results in loss of appetite, pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and very
common mucositis which makes eating difficult. Loss of appetite is followed by an undesirable
loss of weight due to insufficient amount of calories every day which can lead to loss of muscle
mass and strength and other complications by causing interruptions of medical therapy, impeding
effective cancer therapy. Mucositis cause decreased immunity and quality of life as well as poor
tolerance to surgery and altered efficacy of Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy.
The present study is designed with the objective to minimize the radiation induced mucositis,
skin reaction, xerostomia, change in voice etc. with an Ayurvedic preparation Yashtimadhu
Ghrita (processed ghee). Total 75 patients were randomly divided into four groups and drugs
were administered: Group A with local application of Yashtimadhu powder and honey in the
oral cavity for few minutes prior to radiotherapy along with oral intake of Yashtimadhu Ghrita;
Group B with only local application of the Yashtimadhu powder and honey in the oral cavity;
Group C patients administered with only local application of honey in the oral cavity; Group D
on conventional modern medication controlled group. All these patients under four groups had
received Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy for maximum duration of 7 weeks. Mucositis and Skin
reactions were observed in 100% of patients with varying degree. The intensity of Radiation and
Chemotherapy induced mucositis was reduced to a great extent by the trial drug. Yashtimadhu
(Glycyrrhiza glabra) can be used effectively in prevention and treatment of oral mucositis post
radiation and chemotheraphy in patients of cancer, especially of the head and neck region. It
proves beneficial in two ways: (i) there were no interruptions in the treatment, and (ii) food
intake was not severely affected leading to maintenance of nutritional status of the patients.
Key words: Head and neck cancer, oral mucositis, radio-chemotherapy, Yashtimadhu ghrita
10
ABSTRACT
Cancer is the most dreadful disease affecting mankind. The available treatments such as chemotherapy
and radiotherapy have cytotoxic effects, which are hazardous to the normal cells of the patient, causing
many unnecessary effects. This further leads to complications of the therapy, impaired health, and
deterioration of quality of life, resulting in mandatory stoppage of the treatment. In the present study,
the efficacy of an Ayurvedic formulation, Rasayana Avaleha, has been evaluated as an adjuvant
medication to modern radiotherapy and chemotherapy. A total of 36 cancer patients were registered in
this trial and were divided into two groups, group A and group B. In group A, the patients were treated
with radiotherapy and chemotherapy along with adjuvant Rasayana Avaleha (RT + CT + RA), while in
group B only radiotherapy and chemotherapy (RT + CT) were given, as the control group. After
assessing the results, it was observed that Rasayana Avaleha gave better results in controlling the
adverse effect of chemotherapy and radiotherapy in comparison with the control group. Therefore,
Rasayana Avaleha has proved to be an effective adjuvant therapy in protecting patients from the
adverse effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
Key words: Cancer, Radiotherapy, Chemotherapy, Adverse Effects, Ayurveda, Rasayana Avaleha
11
ABSTRACT
Background: Persistent immune suppression is reported in Head and Neck Cancers (HNC) even
after treatment and a higher recurrence rate was observed in patients with poor CD3 count. Loco
regional recurrences and second primary tumours are the common forms of failure in head and neck
cancers. Several agents have been tried to overcome this problem without much benefit. In Ayurveda,
several plant based products have been reported to have anti-tumour and immunomodulatory
properties.
Aim: To test the role of Varunadi Ghritha, as an immunomodulator in apparently healthy, treated and
controlled HNC patients and to evaluate its effectiveness in preventing locoregional relapses and
development of second primary tumours. Materials and Methods: Total 78 patients of treated head
and neck cancers were randomly selected for intervention and control group. Patients in the
intervention group (n = 38) received Varunadi Ghritha, 5gms twice daily for one year and followed
up to two years. Patients in the control group (n = 40) were followed up at regular intervals. Immune
parameters were assessed in the peripheral blood at base line and at the end of administration of the
study compound. Results: In the intervention group, mean percentage increase in CD3, CD19 and
CD16 positive cells were significantly higher after the administration of the study compound
compared to the control group indicating an immunomodulatory effect of the study compound. A
non-significant improvement in disease control was observed in patients with advanced stage of
disease in the intervention group. Conclusion: Administration of Varunadi Ghritha resulted in an
increase in T cell counts in patients with treated HNC.
Key words: Ayurveda, head and neck cancer, immunomodulation, loco-regional control, second
Primary tumour.
12
Clinical Research
Low resource screening method of pre-cancerous lesions and its reversal by
Triphala in teen-age Indian population
Anshula Deshpande, Shobha Tandon1, Neeraj Deshpande2
Departments of Pedodontics, K. M. Shah Dental College, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Vadodara,
Gujarat, 1Department of Pedodontics, Babu Banarasi Das College of Dental Sciences, BBD
University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 2Periodontics, K. M. Shah Dental College, Sumandeep
Vidyapeeth, Vadodara,Gujarat, India.
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Background: Cancer screening is the main weapon for early detection at a pre-invasive or
premalignant stage. It has been reported that over 12 million people use some form of tobacco,
which is one of the high risk factors and has hence become an alarming world-wide problem.
Aim: To evaluate the effective diagnostic screening of disease in its early stage by inexpensive
method and also to evaluate the effect of indigenous mouth rinse on reversal of pre-cancerous
lesions. Materials and Methods: The screening for teenagers belonging to low socio-economic
status was carried out. Suspected subjects were evaluated for the reversal of the lesions by use of
Ayurvedic preparation as a mouthwash. From 13 to19 years working-child population of North India
was selected for the study. Screening was performed by new method-visual inspection with acetic
acid. The positive subjects were further investigated by pap smear and biopsy was done as a
confirmatory histopathological report. In second phase, the subjects showing positive lesions were
advised indigenous anti-cancer mouth rinse and its effect was evaluated after 6 month and 9 month
of prescribing the rinse. Results: The total 1095 children were screened (831 boys and 264 girls).
Out of total 34 teenager boys were diagnosed, as acetowhite positive lesion. All the acetowhite
positive lesions were found exclusively in males. Histological findings after 9 month use of Triphala
mouth rinse revealed no changes in cells in 23 (85.2%), hyperkeratinization in 2 (7.4%),
hyperkeratinization and spongiosis was evident in 1 (3.7%), mild pleomorphism in 1 (3.7%) patient.
Comparative evaluation from 0-9 month showed statistically highly significant test (P < 0.01).
Conclusion: Use of different forms of tobacco and betel nut showed convincing relationship
between developments of oral pre-cancerous lesions. Triphala was found to have great potential for
reversal of these lesions.
Key words: Alcohol, oral pre-cancerous lesions, screening, tobacco, Triphala and teenagers.
13
ABSTRACT
Despite the advances in the treatment of cancer, mortality is still high. Complementary and alternative
medicine is emerging as a potent modality in cancer treatment. Swarna Bhasma (SB), containing gold
particles, is an ancient Indian medicine has shown its anticancer activity. This present study was
conducted to detect the effect of SB on solid malignancies. A total of 43 patients were included in this
study received SB for 1 year. Seventeen patients showed response. The response was best in rectal
cancer group 70% (7/10). Nearly 41.02% patients survived for 1 year after treatment but after 5 years
this came down to 15.38%.
14
Key words: Herbal, Radioprotective, Cancer, Radiotherapy, V1'Qnashodhak, Rakta Shodhak, Agnideepak;
Balya, Cytotoxic.
15
Institute of Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University College of Medicine,
Columbus, OH43210
ABSTRACT
Purpose
To evaluate yogas impact on inflammation, mood, and fatigue.
Patients and Methods
A randomized controlled 3-month trial was conducted with two post-treatment assessments of 200 breast
cancer survivors assigned to either 12 weeks of 90-minute twice per week hatha yoga classes or a wait-list
control. The main outcome measures were lipopolysaccharide-stimulated production of proinflammatory
cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-_), and interleukin-1_ (IL-1_), and scores
on the Multidimensional Fatigue Symptom Inventory-Short Form (MFSI-SF), the vitality scale from the
Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short Form (SF-36), and the Center for Epidemiological StudiesDepression (CES-D) scale.
Results
Immediately post-treatment, fatigue was not lower (P _ .05) but vitality was higher (P _ .01) in the yoga
group compared with the control group. At 3 months post-treatment, fatigue was lower in the yoga group
(P _ .002), vitality was higher (P _ .01), and IL-6 (P _ .027), TNF-_ (P _ .027), and IL-1_ (P _ .037) were
lower for yoga participants compared with the control group. Groups did not differ on depression at either
time (P _ .2). Planned secondary analyses showed that the frequency of yoga practice had stronger
associations with fatigue at both post-treatment visits (P _ .019; P _ .001), as well as vitality (P _ .016; P _
.0045), but not depression (P _ .05) than simple group assignment; more frequent practice produced larger
changes. At 3 months post-treatment, increasing yoga practice also led to a decrease in IL-6 (P _ .01) and
IL-1_ (P _ .03) production but not in TNF-_ production (P _ .05).
Conclusion
Chronic inflammation may fuel declines in physical function leading to frailty and disability. If yoga
dampens or limits both fatigue and inflammation, then regular practice could have substantial health
benefits.
16
Abstract
BackgroundFatigue is one of the most frequently reported, distressing side effects reported by
cancer survivors and often has significant long-term consequences. Research indicates that yoga can
produce invigorating effects on physical and mental energy, and thereby may improve levels of fatigue.
The objective of this systematic review was to examine the literature that reports the effects of
randomized, controlled yoga interventions on self-reported fatigue in cancer patients and survivors.
The online electronic databases, PubMed and PsycINFO, were used to search for peer reviewed
research articles studying the effects of yoga interventions on fatigue in cancer survivors.
Combinations of yoga, cancer, and fatigue-related search terms were entered simultaneously to obtain
articles that included all three elements. Studies were included if they met the following inclusion
criteria: participants were male or female cancer patients or survivors participating in randomized,
controlled yoga interventions. The main outcome of interest was change in fatigue from pre- to postintervention. Interventions of any length were included in the analysis. Risk of bias using the format of
the Cochrane Collaborations tool for assessing risk of bias was also examined across studies.
Results Ten articles met inclusion criteria and involved a total of 583 participants who were
predominantly female, breast cancer survivors. Four studies indicated that the yoga intervention
resulted in significant reductions in self-reported fatigue from pre- to post-intervention. Three of the
studies reported that there were significant reductions of fatigue among participants who attended a
greater number of yoga classes. Risk of bias was high for areas of adequate selection, performance,
detection, and patient-reported bias and mixed for attrition and reporting bias. Risk of bias was
uniformly low for other forms of bias, including financial conflicts of interest.
ConclusionsResults of the studies included in this review suggest that yoga interventions may be
beneficial for reducing cancer-related fatigue in women with breast cancer; however, conclusions
should be interpreted with caution as a result of levels of bias and inconsistent methods used across
studies. More well-constructed randomized controlled trials are needed to determine the impact of yoga
interventions on fatigue in cancer patients and survivors.
Keywords
Yoga; cancer; fatigue
17
Abstract
Background: Many cancer patients seek homeopathy as a complementary therapy. It has rarely been
studied systematically, whether homeopathic care is of benefit for cancer patients.
Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study with cancer patients in two differently
treated cohorts: one cohort with patients under complementary homeopathic treatment (HG; n = 259),
and one cohort with conventionally treated cancer patients (CG; n = 380). For a direct comparison,
matched pairs with patients of the same tumour entity and comparable prognosis were to be formed.
Main outcome parameter: change of quality of life (FACT-G, FACIT-Sp) after 3 months.
Secondary outcome parameters: change of quality of life (FACT-G, FACIT-Sp) after a year, as well as
impairment by fatigue (MFI) and by anxiety and depression (HADS).
Results: HG: FACT-G, or FACIT-Sp, respectively improved statistically significantly in the first three
months, from 75.6 (SD 14.6) to 81.1 (SD 16.9), or from 32.1 (SD 8.2) to 34.9 (SD 8.32), respectively.
After 12 months, a further increase to 84.1 (SD 15.5) or 35.2 (SD 8.6) was found. Fatigue (MFI)
decreased; anxiety and depression (HADS) did not change. CG: FACT-G remained constant in the first
three months: 75.3 (SD 17.3) at t0, and 76.6 (SD 16.6) at t1. After 12 months, there was a slight
increase to 78.9 (SD 18.1). FACIT-Sp scores improved significantly from t0 (31.0 - SD 8.9) to t1 (32.1
- SD 8.9) and declined again after a year (31.6 - SD 9.4). For fatigue, anxiety, and depression, no
relevant changes were found. 120 patients of HG and 206 patients of CG met our criteria for matchedpairs selection. Due to large differences between the two patient populations, however, only 11
matched pairs could be formed. This is not sufficient for a comparative study.
Conclusion: In our prospective study, we observed an improvement of quality of life as well as a
tendency of fatigue symptoms to decrease in cancer patients under complementary homeopathic
treatment. It would take considerably larger samples to find matched pairs suitable for comparison in
order to establish a definite causal relation between these effects and homeopathic treatment.
Background
Many cancer patients use complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) treatments. Homeopathy is
one of the most popular CAM modalities for cancer patients in seven out of 14 European countries [1].
Homeopathy has traditionally been very popular in India and South America.
18
2.2 PHARMACOLOGY,
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES
AND STANDARDIZATION
19
20
Botanical Name
Solanum xanthocarpum
2.
Yashtimadhu
Glycyrrhiza glabra
3.
Daruharidra
Berberis aristata
4.
Pippali
Piper longum
5.
Sunthi
Zingiber offcinalis
6.
Katuki
Picrorhiza kurroa
7.
Guduchi
Tinospora cordifolia
8.
Vidanga
Embelia ribes
9.
Devadaru
Cedrus deodara
10.
Ashwagandha
Withania somnifera
11.
Amalki
Phyllanthus emblica
12.
Bhumyanmalaki
Phyllanthus amarus
13.
Vacha
Acorus calamus
14.
Kanchanar
Bauhinia variegate
15.
Haritaki
Terminalia chebula
21
Extract Used
Hydro-alcoholic
(60:40)
Hydro-alcoholic
(60:40)
Hydro-alcoholic
(60:40)
Hydro-alcoholic
(60:40)
Hydro-alcoholic
(60:40)
Hydro-alcoholic
(60:40)
Hydro-alcoholic
(60:40)
Hydro-alcoholic
(60:40)
Hydro-alcoholic
(60:40)
Hydro-alcoholic
(60:40)
Hydro-alcoholic
(60:40)
Hydro-alcoholic
(60:40)
Hydro-alcoholic
(60:40)
Hydro-alcoholic
(60:40)
Hydro-alcoholic
(60:40)
22
SUMMARY
Cancer is considered to be the most dreadful of all the diseases exixting in the world as it is fatal
for life. The mounting mortality rate reaches 7-10 millions per year all over the world. No disease
exists without the involvement of Tridosha as per Ayurvedic concepts. So is with the tumor. The high
mitotic activity and pain may be attributed to vatic predominance, the voluminous growth is attributed
to Shleshmic property and enzymatic interactions indicates Paittic prodominance.
A relative studies of various varieties of Arbudas was made in comparsion to neoplasia. Kaphaja
and Medaja Arbuda were similar to benign types of tumours. Raktaja Arbuda was similar to malignant
neoplasia. Mansaj Arbudas showed mixed characters of benign and malignant lesions.
Histopathological characters of tumours were analysed and compared to their Ayurvedic correlates.
Gulmas of various varieties were studied in patients of different Prakritis. It was found that the
mazimum number of cases of cancer were of Shleshmic Prakriti. Mamsa Dhatu was found to be
maximally involed. The maximum incidents of cancer was found in the age group 41-60 years. The
immune status of the cancer present were assessed in the present study (IgA, IgG & IgM) and the IgA
levels were found low. To some patients Poorva Karma was administered prior to chemotherapy i.e.
the patients were given Triphala Ghrit and Snehana Karma. Such patients showed incresase in IgA
(better immune status). In patients receiving Ayurvedic therapy, prior to chemotherapy, the side effect
of chemotherapy viz. nausea, loss of body weight, anemia, skin-discolouration, and hair falling were
decreased. Survival period was more than three years in such patients.
After extensive studies on experimental tumour (in vivo and in vitro) an Ayurvedic formulation
was made for the cancer patients. This formulation consisted of
(a) Bhallataka
(b) Rohitaka
(c) Madhuyashthi
(d) Tamra Bhasma
The patients were divided into five groups to assess the effect of the above mentioned formulation
It was observed that the patients who received Ayurvedic drug as an adjuvant theraphy showed
maximum response. A significant improvement was observed in hemoglobin percentage, body weight
and span of life. Patients who received only Ayurvedic drug, revealed result comparable to
chemotheraphy treated group. The drug was found more effective in leukeamia with spleenomegaly
lymphoma, squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarnicoma.
As GABA is a synthetic enzyme and glutamate is a degradading enzyme. GABA is decreased and
glutamate is increased in cancer patient. This is due to low GAD activity. It was observed in the
present study that GAD activity declines with age, particularly in paients of Kapha Prakriti. Thus
GAD may be considered not only a tumour market but also a biochemical parameter of establishing
Prakriti.
The probable mode of action of Ayurvedic treatment may be by increasing body resistance and
tumor immunity to fight against cancer cells and accelerating enzymatic activity of glutamate
decarboxy in the blood by arresting the abnormal tumour cells.
23
In recent times, the trend in cancer research is shifting towards identifying new medicines from natural resources
for management of cancer. Medicinal plants such as Sthauneyaka (Taxus baccata L.) and compound
formulations like Triphalaghrita, Khadirarista, Madhusnuhi rasayana, Maha triphaladya ghrita, Panchatikta
guggulu ghrita are indicated in the Ayurvedic texts for management of cancer/ tumour. The anti-proliferative
activities of hydro-alcoholic extracts of some standardized plant materials were screened against a panel of 14
human cancer cell lines representing different tissues (lung, pancreas, colon, cervix, oral, bladder, prostate,
breast, leukaemia, etc.) through Sulforhodamine-B (SRB) assay. The findings revealed that Cedrus deodara
(Roxb.) ex Lamb. and Berberis aristata (Roxb.) ex DC. have maximum anticancer activity against 3 cell lines
while Withania somnifera Dunal. showed activity against two cell lines. In addition to these, Picrorhizakurroa
Royle ex Benth. and Piper longum L. were found active against only one cell line. These results indicate the
potential of Ayurvedic medicinal herbs as anti-neoplastic agents mentioned in the Ayurvedic texts. However,
further studies are needed for evaluating their mechanism of action and to isolate the active anticancer
compounds responsible for this activity.
Keywords: Medicinal plants, Standardization, Anticancer activity
IPC Int. Cl.8: A61K 36/00, A01D 4/04, A01D 4/34
24
#Central Council For Research in Ayurveda & Siddha, Dept. of Ayush, Ministry of Health & F.W.,
Janakpuri, New Delhi-58. # #ACTREC, TMC Kharghar, Navi , Mumbai , India
* Author for correspondence : *Assistant Director (Pharmacology), Central Council for Research in
Ayurveda & Siddha, Dept. of AYUSH, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Janakpuri, New delhi-58,
+919868349837 (m), E-mail-sudeshgaidhani@ gmail.com
ABSTRACT
The hydro-alcoholic extracts of five Ayurvedic medicinal plants, pericarp of Terminalia chebula,
rhizome of Acorus calamus, stem bark of Bauhinia variegate, whole plant of Phyllanthus amarus, root
of Glycyrrhiza glabra were evaluated for their anti-proliferative activity on fourteen cancer cell lines.
These plant extracts were tested by sulforhodamine-B (SRB) assay for its anti proliferative activity and
four extracts except Glycyrrhiza glabra were found active against prostrate cancer cell line (DU145. In
addition to this Terminalia chebula exhibited activity against leukemia cancer cell line (K562).
25
Abstract:
Achyranthes aspera is a one of the important traditional medicinal plant. In the present investigation
anticancer efficiency of A. aspera was evaluated in Swiss albino mice after treated with mineral oil. In
Swiss albino mice the cancer state was induced by intra-peritonial injection of mineral oil at a dose of 1
ml/kg of body weight for 21 days. The tail length of the normal mice was 9.6 cm whereas the mice
with metastasize tumor in the head had a tail length of 5.8 cm, metastasize throat cancer mice had 5.9
cm of tail length and the mice with plasma cytoma alone had the tail length of 5.4 cm. The anti
cancerous activity of A. aspera leaves was tested against mineral oil induced cancer mice.
Simultaneously a group of mice was first intra-peritoneally injected with the sub-lethal doses (3 mg/ ml
and 1.5 mg/ ml) of ether extract for 15 days. After 15 days the extract given mice were treated with 1
ml/kg of mineral oil periodically for 21 days. It was found that none of the mice got the symptoms of
cancer. The present work clearly indicates that the ether extract at the concentration of 3 mg/ ml is very
effective in reducing the cancer symptoms.
Keywords: Anti-Cancer activity, mice, mineral oil, ether extract and Achyranthes aspera.
26
27
Centre for Advanced Research in Indian System of medicine (CARISM), SASTRA University,
Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu. Email: drrajibsms@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Veeramezhugu is a Siddha formulation which is often prescribed in cancer therapy. It is a poly herbometalic preparation comprising Veeram (Corrosive sublimate), Rasam (Mercury), Pooram (Calomel),
Lingam (Cinnaber), Sudam (Camphor), Sambirani (Benzoin), Perungayam (Asafoetida), Vediuppu
(Potassium nitrate), Navacharam (Ammonium chloride), Vengaram (Borax), Nervalam seed (Croton
tiglium) and honey. In the present work this anticancer Siddha formulation is studied from process and
product standardization point of view. Physicochemical parameters are determined for the end product
as per Siddha Pharmacopoeia. Such kind of standardization studies will contribute in establishing
scientifically the merits of Siddha herbo-metalic preparations.
28
1 Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Block 'E-3', Fourth Floor,
Sector 125, Noida, UP 201 303, India.
2 Amity Institute of Herbal Research and Studies, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Block 'E-3', Fourth
Floor, Sector 125, Noida, UP 201 303, India.
ABSTRACT
The present study deals with the pharmacognostic, preliminary phytochemical studies and anticancer
properties of seeds of Trigonella foenum-graecum. The present paper highlights the macroscopic
characters of seeds, physico-chemical evaluation, preliminary phytochemical studies and anticancer
properties of the seeds. These observations would be of immense value in the botanical identification
and standardization of the drug in crude form and would help distinguish the drug from its other
species. Phytochemical standardization parameters such as moisture content, total ash, water soluble
and acid insoluble ash, alcohol soluble and water soluble extractives were determined. Preliminary
identification of phyto-constituents was performed. HPLC study of the alcoholic extract obtained from
the seeds was carried out and seven compounds were separated. A comprehensive overview of the
pharmacognostic, phyto-chemical analysis of the seed extract and the literature survey carried out for
the anticancer properties of fenugreek seeds.
29
30
31
Abstract
The cytotoxic effects of aqueous extract of Triphala, an ayurvedic formulation, were investigated on
human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) and a transplantable mouse thymic lymphoma (barcl-95). The
viability of treated cells was found to decrease with the increasing concentrations of Triphala. On the
other hand, treatment of normal breast epithelial cells, MCF-10 F, human peripheral blood
mononuclear cells, mouse liver and spleen cells, with similar concentrations of Triphala did not affect
their cytotoxicity significantly. The drug treatment was found to induce apoptosis in MCF-7 and barcl95 cells in vitro as determined by annexin-V fluorescence and proportion of apoptotic cells was found
dependent on Triphala concentration. MCF-7 cells treated with Triphala when subjected to single cell
gel electrophoresis, revealed a pattern of DNA damage, characteristic of apoptosis. Studies on Triphala
treated MCF-7 and barcl-95 cells showed significant increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species
(ROS) in a concentration dependent manner. ROS increase was, however, found to be insignificant in
MCF-10 F as well as in murine spleen and liver normal cells. In vivo, direct oral feeding of Triphala to
mice (40 mg/kg body weight) transplanted with barcl-95 produced significant reduction in tumor
growth as evaluated by tumor volume measurement. It was also found that apoptosis was significantly
higher in the excised tumor tissue of Triphala fed mice as compared to the control, suggesting
the involvement of apoptosis in tumor growth reduction. These results suggest that Triphala possessed
ability to induce cytotoxicity in tumor cells but spared the normal cells. The differential effect of
Triphala on normal and tumor cells seems to be related to its ability to evoke differential response in
intracellular ROS generation. The differential response of normal and tumor cells to Triphala in vitro
and the substantial regression of transplanted tumor in mice fed with Triphala points to its potential use
as an anticancer drug for clinical treatment.
Keywords: Triphala; MCF-7; Barcl-95; Cellular cytotoxicity; Apoptosis; ROS; Oxidative stress
32
In Vitro Anticancer Activity of the Root, Stem and Leaves of Withania Somnifera
against Various Human Cancer Cell Lines
B. Yadav, A. Bajaj, M. Saxena, and A. K. Saxena
Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (CSIR), Bhopal462 026, India
1 Botany Department, Motilal Vigyan Mahavidhalaya, Bhopal462 016, India
2 Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Jammu Tawi180 001, India
Address for correspondence: Email:bhishamyadav@yahoo.com
Received November 20, 2009 Revised June 21, 2010 Accepted September 30, 2010.
Abstract
Withania Somnifera Dunal know as Ashwagandha belong Solanaceae family. It is extensively used in
most of the Indian herbal pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals. The current study, evaluate in vitro
cytotoxicity in 50% ethanol extract of root, stem and leaves of Withania Somnifera against five human
cancer cell lines of four different tissues i.e. PC3, DU145 (prostrate), HCT15 (colon), A549 (lung) and
IMR32 (neuroblastoma). Root, stem and leaves extracts showed cytotoxicity activity ranging 098%
depending on the cell lines but maximum activity was found in 50% ethanol extract of leaves of
Withania Somnifera. Ethanol extract of leaves obtained from treatments T2, T3, T4 and T5 showed
strong activity against PC3 and HCT15 with 8098% growth inhibition, while the 50% ethanol extract
of leaves from T1 treatment showed a minimum of 39% and T3 treatment showed a maximum of 98%
growth inhibition against HCT15. This investigation is the first report of the anticancer activity in
various parts of Withania Somnifera cultivated in fly ash amended soil.
Keywords: Anticancer, cytotoxicity, fly ash, PC3, HCT15, prostrate, Withania Somnifera
33
Abstract
The use of natural substances to inhibit carcinogenesis is a rapidly evolving aspect of cancer research.
In present investigation the ethanolic extract of Argemone mexicana L., (Papaveraceae), Polyalthia
longifolia (Sonner.) Thw. (Annonaceae), Terminaliabellarica (Gaerth.) Roxb. (Combretaceae) and
Terminalia chebula Retz. Abs. (Combretaceae) were evaluated for their in vitro anticancer and
antimicrobial activity. The results obtained indicates that P. longifolia possess a potential inhibiting
activity towards HeLa-B75 [(68.22 0.71) %] HEP-3B [(39.15 0.12)%] and PN-15 [(55.21
0.42)%] cancer cell lines. The selected plant samples were also assessed for their antimicrobial activity
against Escherichia coli (DH5-), Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC 96), Proteus vulgaris (MTCC 1751),
and Candida albicans (MTCC 3017) and the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were
determined using microdilution assay. In general, it was observed that the extract of A. mexicana was
found to be more effective against selected microbial strains. The results of the present findings may be
useful for the discovery of novel anticancer and antimicrobial agents from the plant origin.
Key words: anticancer activity; antibacterial activity; medicinal plants; Ayurveda
34
Department of Biochemistry, Dr. G.R. Damodaran College of Science, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India
Department of Biochemistry, Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India
3
Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical College, Ajman, UAE
2
Corresponding Author: S Kavitha Bagya, Department of Biochemistry, Dr. C.R. Damodaran College of
Science, Coirnbatore, Tamilnadu, India
ABSTRACT
Alcoholic extracts of four Indian medicinal plants Kaempferia galanga (Zingiberacae) Linn.
Clerodendrum viocosun (Verbenaceae) Linn., Jatropha curcus (Euphorbiaceae) Linn. And Lens
culinaris (Fabaceae) Linn, were subjected to preliminary screening for their antitumor activity. Acute
toxicity studies in mice revealed that all the ethanolic extracts were safe up to a dose level of 500, 1000,
2000 mg kg -1 body weight. Preliminary short term anticancer screening, by brine shrimp lethality test,
potato disc inhibition and DLA cell line assay, proved that K. galanga, exhibited significant antitumor
activity and it was therefore, selected as a candidate plant for more detailed phytochemical and
mechanistic studies. Brine shrimp lethality assay revealed that K. galanga extract inhibited tumor
development at a lower concentration LC50 = 684.2 g mL-1 as compared to 901, 866 and 5436 g mL-1
for the extracts of C. viscosum, J. curcus and L. culnaris, respectively. Alcoholic extract of K. galanga
significantly (p<0.001) inhibited Agrobacterium induced tumors in potato discs with average tumor
count of 15, 11, 8.0, 6.0 and 4.8 at concentrations of 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 g mL-1, respectively. K
galanga extract regress tumors equipotently to vincristine in Dalton Lymphoma Ascitic (DLA) cell
tumor bearing mice. There was a statistically significant (p<0.001) higher mean increase in Percentage
Life Span(ILS) in rats treated with K. galanga extract 73.2710.51with median value of 69.85% as
compared toVincristine group 53.8411.94 with median 54.25%. Preliminary phytochemical tests of the
candidate plant K. galanga indicated the presence of fiavonoids, suggesting a prominent role for them in
anticancer activity.
Key words: Anticancer, acute toxicity, cytotoidcity, flavonoids
35
ABSTRACT
Ursolic acid (UA) and oleanolic acid (OA) are pentacyclic triterpenoid compounds found in plants used
in the human diet and in medicinal herbs, in the form of aglycones or as the free acid. These
compounds are known for their hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, hypoglycemic,
antimutagenic, antioxidant, and antifertility activities. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of
UA and OA on the formation of 1, 2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)induced aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in
the colon of the male Wistar rat. The animals received subcutaneous (sc) injections of DMH (40 mg/kg
body weight) twice a week for two weeks to induce ACF. UA, OA and a mixture of UA and OA were
administered to the rats five times a week for four weeks by gavage at doses of 25 mg/kg body
weight/day each, during and after DMH treatment. All animals were sacrificed in week 5 for the
evaluation of ACF. The results showed a significant reduction in the frequency of ACF in the group
treated with the triterpenoid compounds plus DMH when compared to those treated with DMH alone,
suggesting that UA and OA suppress the formation of ACF and have a protective effect against colon
carcinogenesis.
36
ABSTRACT
The incidence, distribution, size, and histopathology of co Ionic tumors induced by parenteral
administration of 1,2-di methylhydrazine were examined in rats fed a chemically de fined fiber-free
diet or nutritionally and calorically equivalent diets containing either 4.5 or 9.0% purified cellulose or
pectin. This double-blind study indicates that cellulose is protective against experimental colonic
neoplasia. Although the precise mechanism for this protective effect remains to be elucidated, it was
not cellulose dose dependent and appeared to depend on administration during injection of carcinogen.
Furthermore, this study provides strong evidence that identical amounts of cellulose and pectin fed as
the sole source of fiber in chemically defined diets exert strikingly different effects in relation to
development of intestinal neoplasia in this animal model.
37
ABSTRACT
It has been reported that several naturally occurring and related synthetic organosulfur compounds
exert chemopreventive effects in several target organs in rodent models. The chemopreventive actions
of 40 and 80% maximum tolerated doses (MTD) of organosulfur compounds, namely anethole
trithione, diallyl disulfide, W-acelylcysteine, and taurine, administered in AIN-76A diet, on
azoxymethane (AOM)-induced neopla sia were investigated in male F344 rats. Also, the effects of
these agents on the activities of phase II enzymes, namely glutathione S-transferase (GST), NAD(P) Hdependent quinone reductase, and UDP-glucuronosyl transferase, in the liver and colonic mucosa and
tumors were assessed. The MTD levels of anethole trithione, diallyl disulfide. N-acetylcysteine, and
taurine were determined in male F344 rats and found to be 250,250,1500, and 1500 ppm, respectively.
At 5 weeks of age, animals were fed the control diet (AIN-76A) or experimental diets containing 40 or
80% MTD levels of each test agent. All animals in each group, except those allotted for vehicle (saline)
treatment, were administered AOM s.c. at a dose rate of 15 mg/kg body weight once weekly for 2
weeks. All animals were necropsied during week 52 after the second AOM injection. Colonic mucosal
and tumor and liver enzyme activities were measured in animals fed 80% MTD levels of each test
agent. Colon tumors were subjected to histopathological evaluation and classified as invasive or
noninvasive adenocarcinomas. Colontumor incidence (percentage of animals with tumors) and tumor
multiplicity (tumors/animal) were compared among various dietary groups. The results indicated that
administration of 200 ppm (80% MTD) anethole trithione significantly inhibited the incidence and
multiplicity of both invasive and non-invasive adenocarcinomas, whereas feeding of 100 ppm (40%
MTD) anethole trithione or 100 (40% MTD) or 200 ppm (80% MTD) diallyl disulfide suppressed only
invasive adenocarcinomas of the colon. Although diets containing N-acelylcysteine and taurine
inhibited colon tumor multiplicity, the effect was somewhat marginal. GST, N VI)-(P) H-dependent
quinone reductase, and UDP-glucuronosyl transferase activities in colonic mucosa and tumor and liver
were significantly elevated in animals fed anethole trithione or diallyl disulfide, compared to those fed
the control diet. N-Acetylcysteine and taurine slightly but significantly increased only the GST activity
in the liver. Although other mechanisms are not excluded, inhibition of AOM-induced colon
carcinogenesis by anethole trithione and diallyl disulfide may be associated, in part, with
increased activities of phase II enzymes such as GST, NAD(P)H-dependent quinone reductase,
and UDP-glucuronosyl transferase in the liver and colon.
38
Chemopreventive potential of ferulic acid in 7,12-dimethylbenz[a] anthraceneinduced mammary carcinogenesis in SpragueDawley rats
Nagarethinam Baskaran, Shanmugam Manoharan , Subramanian Balakrishnan,
Pachaiappan Pugalendhi
Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar
608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract
Aim of the present study was to investigate the chemopreventive potential of ferulic acid on 7,12dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) induced mammary carcinogenesis in SpragueDawley rats. The
chemopreventive potential of ferulic acid was assessed by monitoring the tumor incidence, as well as
analyzing the status of biochemical (enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants and phase II
detoxification enzymes) and molecular (p53 and bcl-2) markers during DMBA-induced mammary
carcinogenesis. Mammary carcinogenesis was induced in SpragueDawley rats by providing a single
subcutaneous injection of 25 mg of DMBA in 1 ml emulsion of sunflower oil (0.75 ml) and
physiological saline (0.25 ml) to each rat. Oral administration of ferulic acid at a dose of 40 mg/kg
body weight to rats treated with DMBA significantly prevented the tumor formation in 80% of animals
(8/10). Also, oral administration of ferulic acid significantly protected the biochemical and molecular
abnormalities in DMBA treated rats. Although the exact mechanism for the chemopreventive potential
of ferulic acid in DMBA-induced mammary carcinogenesis is unclear, its antigenotoxic and
antioxidant potential as well as modulatory effect on phase II detoxification cascade could play a
possible role.
39
40
ABSTRACT
Human epidemiological and laboratory animal model studies have suggested that
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs reduce the risk of development of colon cancer and
that the inhibition of colon carcinogenesis is mediated through the alteration in
cyclooxygenase metabolism of arachidonic acid. Curcumin, which is a naturally occurring
compound, is present in turmeric, possesses both antiinflammatory and antioxidant
properties, and has been tested for its chemopreventive properties in skin and forestomach
carcinogenesis. The present study was designed to investigate the chemopreventive action of
dietary curcumin on azoxymethane induced colon carcinogenesis and also the modulating
effect of this agent on the colonic mucosal and tumor phospholipase A2,phosphoilpase Cyl,
lipoxygenase, and cydooxygenase activities in male F344 rats. At 5 weeks of age, groups of
animals were fed the control (modified AIN-76A) diet or a diet containing 2000 ppm of
curcumin. At 7 weeks of age, all animals, except those in the vehicle (normal saline)-treated
groups, were given two weekly s.c. injections of azoxymethane at a dose rate of 15 mg/kg
body weigh L All groups were continued on their respective dietary regimen until the
termination of the experiment at 52 weeks after the carcinogen treatment Colonic tumors
were evaluated histopathologically Colonic mucosa and tumors were analyzed for
phospholipase A2, phospholipase C1, ex-vivo prostaglandin (PG) E2, cyclooxygenase, and
lipoxygenase activities. The results indicate that dietary administration of curcumin
significantly inhibited incidence of colon adenocarcinomas (P < 0.004) and the multiplicity
of invasive (P < 0.015), noninvasive (P < 0.01), and total (invasive plus noninvasive)
adenocarcinomas (P < 0.001). Dietary curcumin also significantly suppressed the colon
tumor volume by >57% corn pared to the control diet Animals fed the curcumin diet showed
decreased activities of colonic mucosal and tumor phosphoilpase A2 (50%) and
phospholipase C1 (40%) and levels of PGE2 (>38%). The formation of prostaglandins such
as PGE2, PGF2, PGD2, 6-keto PGF1, and thromboxane B2 through the cyclooxygenase
system and production of 5(S)-, 8(S)-, 12(S)-, and 15(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids via
the lipoxygenase pathway from arachidonic acid were reduced in colonic mucosa and
tumors of animals fed the curcumin diet as compared to control diet. Although the precise
mechanism by which curcumin inhibits colon tumorigenesis remains to be elucidated, it is
likely that the chernopreventive action, at least in part, may be related to the modulation of
arachidonic add metabolism.
41
BIOCELL 2007,31(3):391-396
42
Effect of ginger on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in 1,2dimethyl hydrazine induced experimental colon carcinogenesis
V Manju*, N Nalini
Received: 11 January 2010/ Received in revised form: 18 March 2010, Accepted: 19 March
2010, Published online: 07 July 2010 Sevas Educational Society 2008
*Department of Biochemistry, Periyar University, Salem- 11,Tamilnadu, India. Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, AnnamalaiUniversity,Annamalainagar-608002,
Tamilnadu, India
Abstract
The prevalence of colon cancer has rapidly risen during the last decade. In this study we
have evaluated the chemopreventive efficacy of ginger in 1,2-dimethyl hydrazine (DMH)
induced colon carcinogenesis. Rats were given a weekly subcutaneous injection of DMH at
a dose of 20mg/kg body weight for 15 weeks. Ginger (50mg/kg body weight/day) was given
at the initiation and also at the post-initiation stages of carcinogenesis to DMH treated rats
every day. The animals were sacrificed at the end of 30 weeks. Colon cancer incidence was
100% in DMH treated rats. The incidence of cancer as well as the number of tumours in the
colon was significantly reduced on supplementing ginger to DMH treated rats. The levels of
lipid peroxidation and the activities of the enzymic antioxidants such as superoxide
dismutase and catalase in the colon and intestines were significantly decreased whereas the
activities of glutathione and its dependent enzymes such as, glutathione peroxidase,
glutathione-S- transferase and glutathione reductase and the levels of non-enzymic
antioxidants such as vitamin C and vitamin E were significantly elevated in DMH treated
rats as compared to control animals. Ginger supplementation to DMH treated rats inhibited
colon carcinogenesis, as evidenced by the significantly decreased number and incidence of
tumours. In addition ginger optimized tissue lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in
DMH treated rats.
Keywords:
Antioxidants, 1, 2-dimethyl hydrazine, ginger, lipid peroxidation
43
Abstract
Colorectal cancer, a common cause of cancer related deaths in both sexes in western
population is often due to persistent oxidative stress leading to DNA damage. Antioxidants
scavenge free radicals and inhibit neoplastic process. Kaempferol, a avonol widely
distributed in tea, broccoli, grapefruit, brussel sprouts and apple and is claimed to have
chemopreventive action in colon cancer. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of
kaempferol on tissue lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in 1,2-dimethyl hydrazine
induced colorectal cancer in male wistar rats and to compare its efcacy with irinotecan.
Experimental colon cancer induced by 1,2-dimethyl hydrazine in rats mimic humancolon
cancer and therefore is an ideal model for chemoprevention studies. The rats were divided
into six groups. Group 1 served as control. Group2 received 1,2-dimethyl hydrazine
(20mg/kg body weight) subcutaneously once a week for four weeks. Group3 received
irinotecan (100mg/kg body weight) intravenously once a week for four weeks with 1,2dimethyl hydrazine. Groups 4 to 6 were given a daily oral dose of 50, 100, 200mg/kg body
weight of kaempferol with 1,2-dimethyl hydrazine. The total study period was 16weeks.
Kaempferol supplementation lowered 1,2-dimethyl hydrazine induced erythrocyte lysate
and liver thiobarbituric acid reactive substances leveland rejuvenated antioxidant enzymes
catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. The recovery of enzyme status
was maximum at the dose of 200mg/kg body weight and was comparable to irinotecan.
Our study reveals that kaempferol could be safely used as a chemopreventive agent in
colorectal cancer.
Keywords: Antioxidantenzyme, Colorectalcancer, 1,2-dimethyl hydrazine Irinotecan
Lipid peroxidation, Kaempferol
44
45
Inhibitory effect of whole oat on aberrant crypt foci formation and colon
tumor growth in ICR and BALB/c mice
Hsueh-Chun Wang a, Chia-Hung Hung b, Jeng-Dong Hsu c, Mon-Yuan Yang b,
Shing-Jung Wang d, Chau-Jong Wang b,e,*
A. Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, National Health Research
Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
B. Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110,
Sec. 1, Chien-Kauo N. Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan
C. Department of Pathology, Chung Shan Medical University and Hospital, Taichung,
Taiwan
D. Director of Research and Development Division, STANDARD Foods Co., Taiwan
E. Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung,
Taiwan
ABSTRACT
Recently, the incidence of colon cancer has been rapidly increasing in previously lowrisk countries other than the Western world. Since dietary factors are thought to be key
components involved in high risk colon cancer, the current trend for colon cancer prevention
is toward dietary intervention. To explore if whole oat functions as a chemoprevention
agent, an inammation-related mouse colon cancer model, initiated with 1, 2dimethylhydrazine(DMH), followed by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS), was performed to
evaluate the preventive effect of whole oat containing diets. The result indicated middle and
high dose whole oat diets signicantly reduced the number of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) as
well as colon tumors. Further, human colon carcinoma cells were subcutaneously inoculated
into BALB/cAnNg-Foxn1 nude mice to measure the growth inhibition on whole oat diets.
Low, middle and high dose whole oat diets signicantly decreased the tumor volumes by
13%, 17% and 43%, respectively, indicating a dose dependent inhibitory effect. Meanwhile,
38% and 54% reductions in tumor weights were observed in middle and high dose whole oat
diets. Together, the evidence suggests whole oat helps protect against colon cancer
development and could be a good chemoprevention agent taken as a daily supplement.
Keywords: Aberrant crypt foci Colon cancer Whole oat
46
47
48
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III. PUBLISHED
REVIEW ARTICLES
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Abstract
Ayurveda, the science of life, prevention and longevity is the oldest and most holistic
medical system available. In the last few years there has been an exponential growth in the
field of herbal medicine and these drugs are gaining popularity both in developing and
developed countries because of their natural origin and less side effects. Many traditional
medicines in use are derived from medicinal plants, minerals and organic matter .The World
Health Organization (WHO) has listed 21,000 plants, which are used for medicinal purposes
around the world. It has recently come to the attention of western medical researchers
seeking novel therapeutic compounds. The present study was performed to evaluate, the
anti- cancer herbal drug (Triphala) preparations. The screening a number of traditional
Vedic formulas scientists discovered that one of the most revered of all Ayurvedic
combination - Triphala (Harad, Bahada & Amala) in different ratios exhibits a number of
health benefits, including: Anti-cancerous, Antipyretic, Antiulcer, Antidiabetic etc.
activities.
Keywords: Triphala, Anti-cancer, Antiulcer, Anti-diabetic etc.
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1.
2.
3.
Abstract
Cancer is one of the dreadful diseases of 20th century and moving vastly towards 21st
century. According to the studies, worldwide about 6 million new incidences are
reported every year[1]. It is the second major cause of death after cardiovascular
diseases2. Lung, colon, prostate and breast cancer account for more than half of the
cancer deaths3. Nature has given us a variety of useful medications to cure number of
diseases. The role of natural products as a source of remedies for diseases can be
dated back to 1500 BC4. It has been estimated that 60 % of the approved drugs used
for treating cancer are derived from natural sources5, 6. After long folk practices,
many Indian medicines have been screened and they are used for treating and
preventing various chronic disorders like cardiovascular diseases and cancers7.
Ayurvedic therapies were found to be able to cure these chronic diseases better,
which were previously not amenable to Western medical practices8. Traditional
Indian medicine with its evolution through centuries has always fascinated
practitioners and researchers for its applications in cancer treatment on a scientifically
proven research background. Ayurvedic system of medicine was well founded on
the basic principles of nature and its elements after a careful and thorough
study of human physiology. This is the first system to emphasize health as the
perfect state of physical, psychological, social and spiritual component of a
human being9. Herbal decoctions consisting of multiple herbs each possessing
tremendous potential for a cancer cure are commonly used in Ayurveda. The
benefit of a herbal decoction is that it can nourish the body as a whole by
supporting various organ systems10. The aim of this article was to provide a
general outline on descriptions of cancers and their management from an
Ayurvedic practitioners perspective underlying its scientific principles involved
in treating these conditions with the use of natural products. This review article
was derived from previous scientific works, ancient books and interview
conducted with Ayurvedic practitioners in Haryana, India.
Keywords: medicine, Ayurvedic; neoplasma; phytotherapy
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Sr.Consultant, R.O Scientist-3 I/C 2, R.O 3, RRA Podar Ayurved Cancer Research Institute,
Mumbai, India. 4Consulting Ayurveda Physician, Thane, Mumbai, India.
ABSTRACT
Cancer is one of the most dreadful disease of the 20th century and spreading further with
continuous and increasing incidence in 21st century. An integrated approach is needed to
manage cancer. An alternative solution to western medicine embodied with severe side
effects is the use of Ayurvedic preparations to arrest the insidious nature of the disease.
Ayurveda, a science of long life, almost 6000 years old, can serve as a goldmine for novel
drugs used for centuries to treat chronic diseases. Thousands of ayurvedic preparations are
being screened worldwide to validate their use as anti-cancerous drugs. Hence, the broad
aim of this article is to provide a general outline on description of cancers causes,
pathogenesis and therapeutic management from an ayurvedic perspective underlying its
scientific principles involved in treating these conditions with the use of natural products.
Keywords: Cancer, Ayurveda, Etiology, Pathogenesis, Treatment of Cancer.
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IJARPB,2012;Vol.2(2):179-195
Asian Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Volume 2,Issue 10, 2012
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