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AYUSH FOR CANCER CARE

Abstracts
Compendium of Select Research Papers
(Full text of Papers in CD)

CENTRAL COUNCIL FOR RESEARCH IN AYURVEDIC SCIENCES

Ministry of Ayurveda, Yoga & Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha,


Homoeopathy (AYUSH)
Govt. of India
New Delhi

Index
SI.

Content

Page

NO.

No.

I.

CONCEPT PAPER

II.

RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS
2.1 Clinical Research

2.1.1 Treatment of Relapsed Undifferentiated Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML-

MO) with Ayurvedic Therapy


Balendu Prakash,International Journal of Ayurveda Research Vol.2, Issue1,Jan-Mar 2011

2.1.2 Taming the Side Effects of Radiotherapy in Oral Carcinoma Patients with

Help of Ayurvedic Medicine (Clinical Study)


Dr.Sunil Gupta, Dr.H.K.Kushwaha,Dr. Amita Jhunjhunwala, Dr. D.P. Agarwal,Journal of
Ayurveda Vol.ii,No.4,Oct.-Dec.-2008

Effect of Intervention of Ayurveda and Practical Implementation of 8


Shadchakras(Pranic Healing) an Indigenous Approach as Co-Therapy with
Chemotherapy & Radiotherapy for Physical & Mental well being of Cancer
Patients- a clinical study
2.1.3

Dr.Pooja Sabharwal,Dr.M.Dinkar Sarma,Dr.D.P. Agarwal Journal of Ayurveda Vol.ii,No.4,Oct.Dec.-2008

2.1.4 An Effective Herbomineral Treatment as an Adjuvant Therapy for the

Improvement of Quality of Life of Hepatocellular Carcinoma(HCC)


Jayawardhane N.D.N.,De Silva R.H.S.K.,Tripathi J.S., Narasimha Murthy k.h.h.v.s.s.,Tiwari s.k.
Jayawardhane n.d.n et al.irjp 2012, 3:(7).

2.1.5 Protective Effect of Yashtimadhu(glycyrrhiza glabra) Against Side

10

Effects of Radiation/Chemotherapy in Head and Neck Malignancies


Debabrata Das,S.k.Agarwal,H.M.Chandola, AYU/Vol.32,Issue 2,Apr-Jun 2011

2.1.6 Efficacy of Rasayana Avaleha as Adjuvant to Radiotherapy and

11

Chemotherapy in reducing Adverse Effects


Purvi vyas,A.B.Thakar,
Dec.2010

M.S.Baghel,Arvind

Sisodia,Yogesh

Deole,AYU/VOL.31,Issue4,Oct.-

2.1.7 Efficasy Of Varunadi Ghritha (Polyherbal Compound) In Treated Head

12

And Neck Cancer As A Biological Response Modifier


Divya Ravindran,Indhu Hariharan,Richard Muwonge, Rejnish
Pillai,Kunnambath Armadas, Ayu/Vol.35,Issue2,Apr-Jun2014

R.Kumar, M. Radhakrishna

2.1.8 Low Resource Screening method of Pre-Cancerous Lesions and its

reversal by Triphala in teen-age Indian Population


Anshula Deshpande, Shobha Tendon, Neeraj deshpande,Ayu/Vol.35,Issue2,Apr-Jun2014

13

2.1.9 Swarna Bhasma in Cancer: A Prospective Clinical Study

14

Soumen das, Mangal c.das, Retina Paul,Ayu,Vol.33,Issue3,Jul.-Sep.2012

2.1.10 Evaluation Of Clinical Response Of Carcinolyt (Herbal Nutrients) To

15

Control Adverse Effects Of Radiotherapy In Cancer Patients


Dr. Amanpreet Broca, Dr.Umesh Chandra Sharma, Prof. Hemant Kumar Kushwaha,Profl
S.S.Sharma, Dr. D.P. Agarwal,Dr. Arun Chauguley,JOURNAL Of AYURVEDA VOL.1, No.1,JanMar2007

2.1.11 Yogas Impact On Inflammation,Mood,And Fatigue In Breast Cancer

16

Survivors: A Randomized Controlled Trial


Janice K.Kiecolt-Glaser,Jeanette M. Bennett, Rebecca Andridge, Juan Peng, Charles L. SHAPIRO.
William B. Malarkey,Charles F.Emery,Rachel Layman, Ewa E.Mrozek,And Ronald Glaser,Yoga
For Breast Cancer Survivors,Page1-12

Effect of Yoga Interventions on Fatigue in Cancer Patients and 17


Survivors: a Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
2.1.12

Julie Sadja,Paul j.Mills,Sadja and Mills ,Page1-19

2.1.13 Classical Homeopathy in the treatment of Cancer Patients A

Prospective

18

Observational Study of Two Independent Cohorts

Matthias rostock,johannes naumann,corina guethlin, lars guenther, hans h bartsch ,herald walach,
Rostock et al. Bmc cancer 2011, 11-19.

2.2 Pharmacology, Experimental Studies and Standardization


2.2.1 Report on Screening of Single Herbal Drug Extract for Potential Anti-

20

Cancer Activity
Published by CCRAS, Department of AYUSH, Govt. of India, New Delhi, in 2009

2.2.2 Ayurvedic Drugs in the management of Cancer.

22

Published by CCRAS, Department of AYUSH, Govt. of India, New Delhi, in 1999

2.2.3 Evaluation of some plant extracts for standardization and anti cancer
activity.

24

S.N. Gaidhani, Arjun Singh, Suman Kumari, G.S.Lavekar, A.S. Juvekar, S. Sen & M.M.Padhi.,
Ind.J. Traditional Know. Vol. 12 (4), Oct. 2013, PP. 682-687.

2.2.4 In-Vitro Anticancer Activity of Standard Extracts Used In Ayurveda

25

S.N. Gaidhani , G.S Lavekar, A.S. Juvekar, S. Sen, Arjun Singh, Suman Kumari., PHCOG
MAG.,Vol 5, Issue 20 (Suppl.), Oct-Dec, 2009 Page 425-429.

2.2.5 Screening the Anti-Cancerous Efficacy of Achyranthes aspera Linn. using 26

Animal Model Swiss Albino Mice


Geetha. P, Narayanan. K.R and A.G. Murugesan, J Biomed Sci and Res., Vol 2 (4), 2010, 231-235.

2.2.6 Plants as a source of anti-cancer agents.

27

Gordon M. Cragg, David J. Newman. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 100 (2005) 7279.

2.2.7 Preparation And Standardization Studies On Veera Mezhugu A Siddha 28

Anticancer Formulation.
P Rajalakshmi, C Savariraj Sagayam , P Brindha, International Journal of Pharmacy and
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vol 6, Suppl 1, 26-33.

2.2.8 Pharmacognostic, Preliminary Phytochemical Studies And Anticancerous 29

Potential Of Trigonella Foenum-Graecum.


G. Chauhan, M. Sharma, H. Kharkwal and A. Varma, Pharma Science Monitor An International
Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vol-2, Issue-2, 2011, 72-81.

2.2.9 Comparative Anticancer Potential of Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) - an 30

Indian Spice - Against Cancer Cell Lines of Various Anatomical Origin.


Vinay Dwivedi, Richa Shrivastava, Showket Hussain, Chaiti Ganguly Mausumi Bharadwaj, Asian
Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, Vol 12, 2011, 1989-1993.

2.2.10 Cytotoxicity, Toxicity, and Anticancer Activity of Zingiber Officinale

31

Roscoe Against Cholangiocarcinoma.


Tullayakorn Plengsuriyakarn, Vithoon Viyanant, Veerachai Eursitthichai, Smarn Tesana, Wanna
Chaijaroenkul, Arunporn Itharat, Kesara NaBangchang, Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer
Prevention, Vol 13, 2012, 4597-4606.

2.2.11 Potential of traditional ayurvedic formulation, Triphala, as a novel 32

anticancer drug.
T. Sandhyaa, K.M. Lathika a, B.N. Pandeyb, K.P. Mishra. Cancer Letters 231 (2006) 206214.

2.2.12 Aloe-emodin novel anticancer Herbal Drug

33

Khemkaran Ahirwar, Sanmati K. Jain, International Journal of Phytomedicine 3, (2011) 27-31


Phytomedicine 3 : 2 (2011).

2.2.13 In Vitro Anticancer Activity of the Root, Stem and Leaves of Withania 33

Somnifera against Various Human Cancer Cell Lines.


B. Yadav, A. Bajaj, M. Saxena, and A. K. Saxena, Indian J Pharm Sci. 2010 Sep-Oct; 72(5): 659663

2.2.14 In vitro evaluation of anticancer and antimicrobial activity from 34

Ayurveda.
Rajesh N. Gacche *, Rafik U. Shaikh, Mahesh M. Pund, Asian Journal of Traditional Medicines,
2011, 6 (3)

2.2.15 Preliminary Anticancer Screening and Standardization of Some 35

Indigenous Medicinal Plants using Cell Biology and Molecular Biotechnology


based models.
S.kavita Bagya, P.V Rajashree and Kishore Gnana Sam, Research Journal of Medicinal Plant
5(6):728-737,2011.

2.2.16 Ursolic Acid and Oleanolic Acid Suppress Preneoplastic Lesions Induced 36

by 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine in Rat Colon.


Ricardo A. Furtado, rlon P. Rodrigues, Felipe R. R. Arajo, Wendel L. Oliveira, Michelle A.
Furtado, Mrcio B. Castro, Wilson R. Cunha and Denise C. Tavares. Toxicologic Pathology, 36: 576580, 2008.

2.2.17 A Double-Blind Study on the Effects of Differing Purified Cellulose and 37

Pectin Fiber Diets on 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine-induced Rat Colonic Neoplasia.

Hugh J. Freeman, Gene A. Spiller and Young S. Kim, [CANCER RESEARCH 40, 2661-2665, August
1980]

2.2.18 Chemoprevention of Colon Carcinogenesis by Organosulfur Compounds.

38

Bandaru S. Reddy, Chinthalapally V. Rao, Abraham Rivenson, CANCER RESEARCH 53. 34933498. August I. 1993

Chemopreventive
potentialof
ferulic
acid
in
7,12- 39
dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced mammary carcinogenesis in Sprague
Dawley rats.
2.2.19

Nagarethinam Baskaran, Shanmugam Manoharan, Subramanian Balakrishnan, Pachaiappan


Pugalendhi, European Journal of Pharmacology 637 (2010) 2229.

2.2.20 Chemoprevention of tea


dimethylhydrazine in Wistar rats.

on

colorectal

cancer

induced

by 40

Xu Dong Jia and Chi Han, World Journal of Gastroenterology, 2000; 6(5):699-703.

2.2.21 Chemoprevention of Colon Carcinogenesis by Dietary Curcumin, a 41


Naturally Occurring Plant Phenolic Compound
Chinthalapally V. Rao, Abraham Rivenson, Barbara Simi, et al., CANCERRESEARCH55, 259-266,
January 15, 1995

2.2.22 Decrease of intestinal tumors induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine in rats 42


fed with cow milk and buffalo milk.
M. Snchez Negrette, M.A. Montenegro, M.S. Catuogno, W.J. Lrtora, And M.C. Guanziroli,
BIOCELL 2007, 31(3): 391-396.

2.2.23 Effect of ginger on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in 43


1,2dimethyl hydrazine induced experimental colon carcinogenesis.
V Manju, N Nalini, J. Biochem Tech (2010) 2(2):161-167.

2.2.24 Effect of kaempferol on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in 1,2- 44


dimethyl hydrazine induced colorectal carcinoma in rats.
Parthasarathy Nirmala, Manickam Ramanathan, European Journal of Pharmacology 654 (2011) 75
79.

2.2.25 Inhibition by Ginseng of Colon Carcinogenesis in Rats.

45

Shoji Fukushima, Hideki Wanibuchi, Wei Li, J Korean Med Sci 2001; 16(Suppl): S75-80.

2.2.26 Inhibitory effect of whole oat on abbrant crypt foci information and colon 46
tumour growth in ICR and BALB/c mice.
Hsueh-Chun Wang a, Chia-Hung Hung b, Jeng-Dong Hsu c, Mon-Yuan Yang b, Shing-Jung Wang d,
Chau-Jong Wang b, Journal of Cereal Science 53 (2011) 73-77.

2.2.27 Chemoprevention of 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine-induced Colon Cancer in 47


Mice by Naturally Occurring Organosulfur Compounds.
Hiromichi Sumiyoshi and Michael J. Wargovich, CANCER RESEARCH 50. 5084-5087, August 15,

1990.

2.2.28 Protective role of luteolin in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine induced experimental 48


colon carcinogenesis.
V. Manju and N. Nalini, Cell Biochemistry And Function.

2.2.29 Enhancement of Rat Colon Carcinogenesis by Wheat Bran Consumption 49


during the Stage of 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine Administration.
Lucien R. Jacobs, Cancer Res. 1983; 43:4057-4061.

III.

PUBLISHED REVIEW ARTICLES


3.1 Anti-Cancer Activity of Cow Urine: Current Status and Future Directions

52

K.Dharma R.S.Chauhan and lokesh Singhal, International Journal of Cow Science,1-25

3.2 Is there a Role for Herbal Medicine in the Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer?

53

Muhammad Wasif Saif, JOP. J Pancreas (Online) 2008; 9(4):403-407

3.3 Natural compounds for cancer treatment and prevention.

54

Stefania Nobili , Donatella Lippi , Ewa Witort , Martino Donnini, Letizia Bausi Enrico Mini ,
Sergio Capaccioli. Pharmacological Research 59 (2009) 365378

3.4 Natural Herbs as Anticancer Drugs.

55

Nidhi Agarwal ,Chandana Majee,G. S. Chakraborthy, International Journal of PharmTech


Research, Vol.4, No.3, pp 1142-1153, 2012.

3.5 Traditionally Used Anticancer Herbs In India.

56

M. Umadevi, K.P.Sampath Kumar, Debjit Bhowmik, S. Duraivel. Journal of Medicinal Plants


Studies, 2013, Vol 1, (3) ; 56 -74.

3.6 A review of traditional anticancer nano-medicine: triphala.

57

Amit Kumar, The Pharma Innovation Journal 2014; 3(7): 60-66.

3.7 Ayurvedic medicine in treatment of Cancer.

58

Sunyana Jain, Vikrant Gill, Neeru Vasudeva, Neelam Singla, Journal of Chinese integrative
Medicine, Nov. 2009, Vol. 7, No.11, 1096- 1099.

3.8 Cancer an integrative approach by Ayurveda.

59

Kulkarni Anand R, Reddy RG, Marlewar SS, Wadikar SS, Jangle VM, Kulkarni Amruta P.,
International Journal of Experimental Pharmacology, Vol 3 | Issue 2 | 2014 | 47-51.

3.9 Canceran ayurvedic perspective.

60

Premalatha Balachandrana, Rajgopal Govindarajan, Pharmacological Research 51 (2005) 1930.

3.10 Cancer an Ayurvedic Perspective

61

Dipal Patel, AhamedNoor Mansoori, IJARPB, 2012; Vol.2 (2):179-195.

3.11 Medicinal Plants of Asian Origin Having Anticancer Potential: Short 61

Review.

Sushma Kainsa, Praveen Kumar, Poonam Rani, Asian Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical
Sciences, 2(10) 2012, 01-07.

3.12 Therapeutic Potential of Ocimum sanctum in Prevention and Treatment of

62

Cancer and Exposure to Radiation: An Overview.


N. Singh, P. Verma, B. R. Pandey, M. Bhalla, International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and
Drug Research 2012; 4(2): 97-104.

3.13 From Traditional Ayurvedic Medicine to Modern Medicine:Identification

of Therapeutic Targets for Suppression of Inflammation and Cancer


Bharat B.Aggrawal, Haruyo Ichikawa, Prachi Garodia, Priya Weerasinghe, Gautam Sethi, Indira D
Bhatt, Manoj Pandey,Shishir Shishodia,Muraleedharan G Nair, Expert Opinion Ashley
publications ,2006,page no.87-117

63

CONCEPT PAPER

Concept Note
AYUSH in Cancer Care
Cancer is most dreaded disease of the 21st Century and spreading further with continuance and
increasing incidence. Multidisciplinary scientific investigations are making best effort to combat
this disease, but the cure for the disease is still eluding. With the advent of gene therapy some
hopes are there for future management of the disease. Management of cancer includes surgery,
radiation therapy, chemotherapy and biological therapy resulting in cure of >50%patients
diagnosed with cancer. The modern approach to the treatment of cancer has reached the plateau.
Owing to the importance/benefits of traditional medicine WHO included integrative oncology as
one of the primary objective of treatment of cancer besides cure/ prevention of recurrence,
prolongation of life& rehabilitation and improvement of quality of life. Sushruta known as father of
surgery described the disease as a swelling situated either superficially or in deeper structure in
relation to different tissues based entirely on clinical manifestations, course, prognosis and
treatment available in those periods. However, while going through the different ancient literature it
has been observed that there are various types of diseases viz. Apachi or Apachit (multiple lymph
node swelling), Arbuda (tumour), Gulma (lumps especially ih inner organs), Granthi (Cyst),
Asadhya Vrana (non-healing ulcers) etc. described in Ayurveda which closely relate to the present
nomenclature of cancer. Arbuda can be characterized as fleshy elevated swelling, round and fixed
mass, sometimes deep seated, large and non-suppurating, Occasionally painful or painless swelling,
occurring anywhere over the body with predominance of Kapha Dosa involving Mamsa Dhatu.
Treatment of Arbuda has been described elaborately by different Ayurvedic physicians. Caraka has
mentioned the treatment of Arbuda alongwith the treatment of localized Shopha (Granthi) Most of
the Rasayana drugs especially which are Balya (tonic), Brimahana (nutritive), Shramahara (antifatigue) and Jeevaniya (nourishing, anti-oxidant common immunomodulation) will be useful in the
management of these conditions.
The management according to Ayurveda includes Systemic management comprising of
Samshodhan Chikitsa (purifactory), Shaman Chikitsa (palliative), Rasayan Chikitsa (rejuvenative)
and Local treatment viz. Alep (anointing), Parisheka (medicated spray), Kshara Karma(caustic
application) etc. Some medicinal plants such as kancanar (Bauhinia variegata), Lajjalu (Mimosa
pudica), Karveera (Nerium indicum), Kushtha (Sassurea lappa), Bhallataka (Semecarpus
anacardium), Haritaki (Terminalia chebula), Peet-karaveera (Thevetia peruviana), Sadapuspi
(Vinca rosea), Neelapushpa (Viola odorata), Rasona (Allium sativum), Ghritkumari (Aloe vera),
Saptaparna (Alstonia scholaris), Haridra (Curcuma longa), Vrischikali (Heliotropium indicum),
Shigru (Moringa oleifera ), Krishna Jeeraka (Nigella sativa), Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum), Talisha
patra (Taxus buccata ), Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera ) ,Sitaphala (Annona squamosa)etc
have been mentioned in various text of Ayurveda for the management of such diseases.
Scientific evidences: Ayurvedic interventions as add-on therapy to conventional therapies have
proven with some advantages in cancer management such as:

Effect of Guduchyadi Yoga (containing Guduchi, Amalaki, Ashwagandha, Yastimadhu,


Jivanti, Tulasi, Pippali) in Avaleha form in the dosage of 15 gram twice daily along with
Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy against adverse effect of radiotherapy & chemotherapy in
cancer. (Ref. Vyas Poorvi - A clinical study on a Rasayana as a radio-protective and chemo-protective
adjuvant in the management of carcinoma, M.D.(Ayu) thesis, Gujarat Ayurved University, 2005.)

Rasayana Avaleha containing Mustaka, Usheera, Chandan, Guduchi, Bala, shatavari,


ashwagandha, Gokshur, sariva, Manjishtha, Bibhitak, Nirgundi, Munnaka, kapikachhu, Pippali,
Shunth, Haridra, Tulasi and sugar and Ghee. was used in the dose of 10 Gm per day for three
months along with Radiotharapy & chemotherapy before, along and after the completion of the
treatment up to 3 months. The study revealed relief in the complaints of nausea and vomiting
1

constipation, mucositis and WBC count was maintained in the group treated with Rasayana
Avaleha and chemo therapy when compared to chemo therapy treated group. (Ref. Mankad
Zankhana A clinical study on the role of Rasayana as pre, adjuvant and post treatment of
Chemotherapy in the management of Carcinoma, M.D.(Ayu.) thesis, Gujarat Ayurved University, 2007)

Protective role of Yastimadhu against side effects of Radiation/Chemotherapy in cases of head


and Neck malignancies has revealed highly significant relief on mucositis and changing voice
in Group A& B as compared to the Control. (Ref. Das Debabrata Nirmalendu - A clinical trial on
protective role of Yashtimadhu (Glycyrrhiza Glabra) against side effects of radiation/chemotherapy in
cases of head & neck malignancies, M.D.(Ayu) thesis, Gujarat Ayurved University, 2010 )

Atharva Anant Kalpa (Hemidesmus indicus) preparation in the cases of cancer subjected to
chemotherapy in the dose of 5 gram b.i.d. during and after chemotherapy and radiotherapy
minimum for three months showed that the drug is found to be effective in the minimizing of
toxicities of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. nausea, loss of appetite, vomiting, diarrhea were
remarkably reduced in more than 60% patients. Maintenance of weight & general wellbeing
was possible as food intake was not hampered, which is commonly observed during the course
of Radiotherapy. (Ref. S P Sardeshmukh & Vasanti Godse - Management of side effects of cancer
chemotherapy with Ananata Kalpa a sugar base Ayurvedic preparation of Ananta (Hemidesmus indicus),
selected research papers published in National Seminar on Management of Cancer through Ayurveda
by R.A.V. , New Delhi, 6-7 Feb. 2012 and S P Sardeshmukh & Shweta Gujar Efficacy of Ananta
Kalpa in reducing side effects of Radiotherapy in oral cancers, selected research papers published in
National Seminar on Management of Cancer through Ayurveda by R.A.V. , New Delhi, 6-7 Feb.
2012.)

A polyherbal Ayurvedic drug Indukanta Ghritha as a adjuvant to cancer chemotherapy via


immunomodulation. Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and funtional Genomics Preliminary
studies in lab showed immunomodulatory effects with a Th1 type of immune response.Inhibit
tumor development in Mice challenged with Daltons Lymphoma ascites, Induced
Leucopoiesis, Enhanced Median survival time as well as life span in tumor bearing animals.
Elevated Macrophage phagocytic activity, Reverse cyclophosphamide induced
myelosuppression in control tumor bearing animals to values near normal levels. Thus the
effect of Indukanta gritha in patients suffering from leukopenia was beneficial. (Ref. Suraj K
George,Rajesh,Sunil Kumar S,B Sulekha,Prabha Balaram - A polyherbal Ayurvedic drug Indukanta
Ghritha as a adjuvant to cancer chemotherapy via immunomodulation Laboratory of Tumor Immunology
and Funtional Genomics,Division of cancer Research, Regional Cancer Center,Trivandrum,India)

CCRAS research contribution on Cancer: CCRAS has conducted some experimental and
clinical studies as under
Screening of medicinal plants on Anticancer Activity: In vitro Screening of 14 Standardized
Plant Extracts Ayurvedic herbs for anti-cancer activity was carried out through ACTREC,
Mumbai on various cell lines using taking leads from Ayurvedic Classical Literature. The study
revealed anti cancer activity of 9 plants extracts viz. Berberis aristata, Piper longum, Picrorhiza
kurroa,Cedrus deodara, Withania somnifera, Phyllanthus embelia, Acorus calamus, Bauhinia
variegata, Terminalia chebula against cancer cell lines. (Report on Screening of single Herbal
drug extracts for potential anti-cancer activity; 2009, Central Council for Research Ayurveda &
Siddha, New Delhi.)
Clinical study on certain indigenous drug for the management of cancer :After primary
screening of number of indigenous drugs i.e. Bhallatak (Semecarpus anacardium, Rohitak
(Amoora rohitak), Madhuyasti (Glycyrrhiza Glabra), Karvir, (Nerium odorum), Gunja (Abrus
precatorius), Guggulu etc. on experimental animals few of them were selected for further study
both in vivo and in vitro. This clinical study was carried out involving 400 cancer cases of either
sex, different types, sites stages for ten years The study concluded that Ayurveda stand alone and
as add-on/ adjuvant therapy to radio/chemo therapies have shown Significant increase in Hb%,
Prevent fall in Hb%, loss in body weight inhabited, significant gain in weight, increase in GAD
levels, increase in survival period, Improved immune status (IgA Levels) when compared to
radio/chemo therapies alone. (Ayurvedic drugs in the management of Cancer; 1999, Central
Council for Research Ayurveda & Siddha, New Delhi)
2

Recent Initiative under taken by the Council in the field of Cancer: Council has developed an
Ayurvedic coded drug AYUSH-QOL 2C for improvement in quality of life in cancer patients.
Prospective double blind placebo controlled clinical trial of AYUSH-QOL 2C as an adjuvant to
chemotherapy/ radiotherapy in Breast Cancer and Lung Cancer patients have been undertaken
which are in progress .

II. RESEARCH
PUBLICATIONS

2.1 CLINICAL RESEARCH

International Journal of Ayurveda Research | Jan-Mar 2011| Vol 2| Issue 1

Treatment of relapsed undifferentiated acute myeloid leukemia (AML-M0)


with Ayurvedic therapy
Balendu Prakash
V C P Cancer Research Foundation (Scientic and Industrial Research Organization), Mandir
Marg, Turner Road, Clement Town, Dehradun, India

ABSTRACT
A 16-year-old boy was detected with acute myeloid leukemia (AML M0) with bone marrow
pathology showing 85% blasts in February 07, 1997. He received two cycles of induction
chemotherapy (3+7 protocol) with daunomycin and cytosar, following which he achieved
incomplete remission with bone marrow aspirate showing 14% blasts. Subsequently, the patient
received two cycles of high-dose cytosine arabinoside Ara-C and achieved remission. However,
his disease relapsed on August 29, 1997. Peripheral blood smear showed 6% blast cells and bone
marrow showed 40% blast cells. The patient refused further chemotherapy and/or bone marrow
transplant and volunteered for Ayurvedic therapy (AYT) advocated by the author from
September 09, 1997. Bone marrow studies done after six months of AYT indicated that the
disease was in remission. The AYT was continued for ve years and stopped. Thereafter, the
patient received intermittent maintenance AYT for three months in the next two years. At
present, the patient is normal and healthy and has completed 12 years of disease-free survival
with AYT.

Key words: Ayurvedic, relapsed acute myeloid leukemia

Journal of Ayurveda Vol.II No.4 Oct-Dec 2008

Taming the side effects of radiotherapy in oral carcinoma patients with help of
Ayurvedic Medicine (Clinical Study)
*Dr Sunil Gupta, **Dr H. K. Kushwaha, ***Dr Amita Jhunjhunwala, ****Dr D.P.
Agarwal
*Ph.D Scholar Shalya, NIA, **Prof.&H.O.D. Shalya tantra NIA Jaipur, ***Ph.D Scholar Rasa
Shastra & Bhaishajyakalpana, NIA**** Prof. &H.O.D.Radiotherapy unit S.M.S. Hospital Jaipur
AbstractThe role of an ayurvedic formulation is evaluated to minimize the side effects of radiotherapy
suffering
from oral carcinoma in this study. 30 patients of oral carcinoma were taken for this study and
divided in three groups of 10 patients in each group. Comparative study was done between three
groups by giving radiotherapy alone in one group and ayurvedic formulation + Radiotherapy in
other two groups at different intervals. Results suggested that there was significant reduction of
the side effects in the patients who were taking Ayurvedic formulation along with Radiotherapy.

Keywords - Oral carcinoma, Side effects, radiotherapy, Formulation, brachytherapy, mucositis,


anorexia and salivary reactions.

Journal of Ayurveda Vol.II No.4 Oct-Dec 2008

Effect of intervention of Ayurveda & Practical implementation of Shadchakras


(PranicHealing) An indigenous approach as co-therapywith
Chemotherapy&Radiotherapy for physical & mental wellbeing of cancer
patientsA Clinical Study
*Dr.Pooja Sabharwal, **Dr.M. Dinkar Sarma,
***Dr.D. P.Agarwral
Cancer a major killer, the most dreaded among diseases, is fast engulfing the g1obe posing
the challenge the ingenuity of human beings. Patients who present with cancer have basic
options for treatment. The first and the most conventional treatments utilize chemotherapy,
surgery and radiation. Second are a wide range of alternative therapies. Third is a
combined
approach. Conventiona1 treatments for cancer have varying success rates.
Statistics are available for the success and failure of treatments. A list of side effects for each
treatment is also available. There has been considerably adverse effects like nausea, itching,
emesis, fatigue and ultimately it deteriorated quality of life on physical, functional, social and
psychological domains.
Hypothesis: Thus the present study was designed to evaluate the effects of herbal compound
oncocare capsule and pranic healing along with radiotherapy in cancer patients.
Materials & methods: The study was conducted in 8o patients who were suffering from c a n c e r .
Four groups were made. First was control group; oncocare capsule was given in second group, third
group receives only pranic healing techniques and group four receives both oncocare and pranic
healing techniques. Patients were assessed on the basis of subjective and objective, biochemical and
psychological parameters.
Results: There was highly significant improvement in fourth group that is combination of
herbalformulation along with stress management techniques.
Keywords: Cancer, shadchakras, pranic healing, Ayurveda.
*M.D (Ayu), NIA,Jaipur **Prof.&H.O.D. Sharir Rachna, NIA Jaipur, *** Chief Radiation
Oncologist, S.M.S. Hospital Jaipur

International Research Journal of Pharmacy 2012, 3(7)


AN EFFECTIVE HERBOMINERAL TREATMENT AS AN ADJUVANT THERAPY FOR THE
IMPROVEMENT OF QUALITY OF LIFE OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA (HCC)
PATIENT: A CASE REPORT
Jayawardhane N.D.N.1*, De Silva R.H.S.K.2, TripathiJ.S.3, Narasimha Murthy K.H.H.V.S.S.4,Tiwari S.K.5

Department of Kayachikitsa, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
Article Received on: 01/05/12 Revised on: 16/06/12 Approved for publication: 02/07/12
*Email: namalayur@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
According to WHO reports Hepatocellular carcinoma remains an Asian health problem. Its
prevalence disproportionately shares large of the world's nearly 78%. Treatment options of HCC are
limited and the effectiveness of treatment varies due to development of therapy-related adverse
effects in Allopathic medicine. We report herein a case of HCC admitted to Sir Sundarlal Hospital,
Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi was treated with integrated Ayurvedic herbo mineral medicine,
with desirable results of improvement in QoL. The patient was treated with a holistic inter
disciplinary approach i.e., Modern medicine treatment followed by Ayurveda, health education for
cancer care and psychotherapeutic measures such as Yoga, psychological counseling etc. The
symptoms were managed according to its clinical presentation and daily clinical evaluation. This
paper demonstrates the findings of our experience in treating a case of HCC with Ayurvedic herbomineral medicine as an adjuvant treatment for improvement of QoL. Moreover, it emphasized the
needs to be explored Ayurvedic cancer management with more advance methodology.

Key Words: Ayurveda, Hepatocellular carcinoma, Herbo mineral treatment, QoL

AYU| Apr-Jun 2011| Vol 32| Issue 2

Protective effect of Yashtimadhu (Glycyrrhiza glabra) against side effects of


radiation/ chemotherapy in head and neck malignancies.
Debabrata Das1, S. K. Agarwal2, H. M. Chandola3
1. M.D.(Ayu.), Speciality: Kayachikitsa, Medical Officer, Shilong, 2. Professor and Head, Department of
Radiotherapy, M.P. Shah Medical College and G.G. Hospital, Jamnagar, 3. Professor and Head,
Department of Kayachikitsa, Institute for Post Graduate Teaching and Research in Ayurveda, Gujarat
Ayurved University, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India.

ABSTRACT
One of the very common side effects of Radiation/Chemotherapy especially of the head and
neck malignancies is mucositis. Cancer therapy or the cancer itself may cause changes in
the body chemistry that results in loss of appetite, pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and very
common mucositis which makes eating difficult. Loss of appetite is followed by an undesirable
loss of weight due to insufficient amount of calories every day which can lead to loss of muscle
mass and strength and other complications by causing interruptions of medical therapy, impeding
effective cancer therapy. Mucositis cause decreased immunity and quality of life as well as poor
tolerance to surgery and altered efficacy of Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy.
The present study is designed with the objective to minimize the radiation induced mucositis,
skin reaction, xerostomia, change in voice etc. with an Ayurvedic preparation Yashtimadhu
Ghrita (processed ghee). Total 75 patients were randomly divided into four groups and drugs
were administered: Group A with local application of Yashtimadhu powder and honey in the
oral cavity for few minutes prior to radiotherapy along with oral intake of Yashtimadhu Ghrita;
Group B with only local application of the Yashtimadhu powder and honey in the oral cavity;
Group C patients administered with only local application of honey in the oral cavity; Group D
on conventional modern medication controlled group. All these patients under four groups had
received Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy for maximum duration of 7 weeks. Mucositis and Skin
reactions were observed in 100% of patients with varying degree. The intensity of Radiation and
Chemotherapy induced mucositis was reduced to a great extent by the trial drug. Yashtimadhu
(Glycyrrhiza glabra) can be used effectively in prevention and treatment of oral mucositis post
radiation and chemotheraphy in patients of cancer, especially of the head and neck region. It
proves beneficial in two ways: (i) there were no interruptions in the treatment, and (ii) food
intake was not severely affected leading to maintenance of nutritional status of the patients.

Key words: Head and neck cancer, oral mucositis, radio-chemotherapy, Yashtimadhu ghrita

10

AYU| Oct-Dec 2010| Vol 31| Issue 4

Efficacy of Rasayana Avaleha as adjuvant to radiotherapy and chemotherapy in


reducing adverse effects

Purvi Vyas1, A. B. Thakar2, M. S. Baghel3, Arvind Sisodia4, Yogesh Deole5


1Kshara Sutra Vaidya -Class 1, Smt.Maniben M.A.H. Government Ayurvedic Hospital, Asarava, Ahmedabad,
2Reader, Department of Panchakarma, Institute for Post Graduate Teaching and Research in Ayurveda, Gujarat
Ayurved University, Jamnagar, 3Director, Institute for Post Graduate Teaching and Research in Ayurveda,
Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar, 4Professor & Head of Cobalt Unit, Govt. Medical College, Bhavnagar,
5Ph.D.Scholar, Department of Panchakarma, Institute for Post Graduate Teaching and Research in Ayurveda,
Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India.

ABSTRACT
Cancer is the most dreadful disease affecting mankind. The available treatments such as chemotherapy
and radiotherapy have cytotoxic effects, which are hazardous to the normal cells of the patient, causing
many unnecessary effects. This further leads to complications of the therapy, impaired health, and
deterioration of quality of life, resulting in mandatory stoppage of the treatment. In the present study,
the efficacy of an Ayurvedic formulation, Rasayana Avaleha, has been evaluated as an adjuvant
medication to modern radiotherapy and chemotherapy. A total of 36 cancer patients were registered in
this trial and were divided into two groups, group A and group B. In group A, the patients were treated
with radiotherapy and chemotherapy along with adjuvant Rasayana Avaleha (RT + CT + RA), while in
group B only radiotherapy and chemotherapy (RT + CT) were given, as the control group. After
assessing the results, it was observed that Rasayana Avaleha gave better results in controlling the
adverse effect of chemotherapy and radiotherapy in comparison with the control group. Therefore,
Rasayana Avaleha has proved to be an effective adjuvant therapy in protecting patients from the
adverse effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy.

Key words: Cancer, Radiotherapy, Chemotherapy, Adverse Effects, Ayurveda, Rasayana Avaleha

11

AYU| Apr-Jun 2014| Vol 35| Issue 2

Efficacy of Varunadi Ghritha (polyherbal compound) in treated head and neck


cancer cases as a biological response modifier
Divya Ravindran, Indhu Hariharan 1, Richard Muwonge2, Rejnish R. Kumar, M.
Radhakrishna Pillai 1, Kunnambath Ramadas
Department of Radiation Oncology, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, 1Integrated
Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala,
India, 2Early Detection and Prevention Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon,
France.

ABSTRACT
Background: Persistent immune suppression is reported in Head and Neck Cancers (HNC) even
after treatment and a higher recurrence rate was observed in patients with poor CD3 count. Loco
regional recurrences and second primary tumours are the common forms of failure in head and neck
cancers. Several agents have been tried to overcome this problem without much benefit. In Ayurveda,
several plant based products have been reported to have anti-tumour and immunomodulatory
properties.
Aim: To test the role of Varunadi Ghritha, as an immunomodulator in apparently healthy, treated and
controlled HNC patients and to evaluate its effectiveness in preventing locoregional relapses and
development of second primary tumours. Materials and Methods: Total 78 patients of treated head
and neck cancers were randomly selected for intervention and control group. Patients in the
intervention group (n = 38) received Varunadi Ghritha, 5gms twice daily for one year and followed
up to two years. Patients in the control group (n = 40) were followed up at regular intervals. Immune
parameters were assessed in the peripheral blood at base line and at the end of administration of the
study compound. Results: In the intervention group, mean percentage increase in CD3, CD19 and
CD16 positive cells were significantly higher after the administration of the study compound
compared to the control group indicating an immunomodulatory effect of the study compound. A
non-significant improvement in disease control was observed in patients with advanced stage of
disease in the intervention group. Conclusion: Administration of Varunadi Ghritha resulted in an
increase in T cell counts in patients with treated HNC.

Key words: Ayurveda, head and neck cancer, immunomodulation, loco-regional control, second
Primary tumour.

12

AYU| Apr-Jun 2014| Vol 35| Issue 2

Clinical Research
Low resource screening method of pre-cancerous lesions and its reversal by
Triphala in teen-age Indian population
Anshula Deshpande, Shobha Tandon1, Neeraj Deshpande2
Departments of Pedodontics, K. M. Shah Dental College, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Vadodara,
Gujarat, 1Department of Pedodontics, Babu Banarasi Das College of Dental Sciences, BBD
University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 2Periodontics, K. M. Shah Dental College, Sumandeep
Vidyapeeth, Vadodara,Gujarat, India.

Abstract
ABSTRACT
Background: Cancer screening is the main weapon for early detection at a pre-invasive or
premalignant stage. It has been reported that over 12 million people use some form of tobacco,
which is one of the high risk factors and has hence become an alarming world-wide problem.
Aim: To evaluate the effective diagnostic screening of disease in its early stage by inexpensive
method and also to evaluate the effect of indigenous mouth rinse on reversal of pre-cancerous
lesions. Materials and Methods: The screening for teenagers belonging to low socio-economic
status was carried out. Suspected subjects were evaluated for the reversal of the lesions by use of
Ayurvedic preparation as a mouthwash. From 13 to19 years working-child population of North India
was selected for the study. Screening was performed by new method-visual inspection with acetic
acid. The positive subjects were further investigated by pap smear and biopsy was done as a
confirmatory histopathological report. In second phase, the subjects showing positive lesions were
advised indigenous anti-cancer mouth rinse and its effect was evaluated after 6 month and 9 month
of prescribing the rinse. Results: The total 1095 children were screened (831 boys and 264 girls).
Out of total 34 teenager boys were diagnosed, as acetowhite positive lesion. All the acetowhite
positive lesions were found exclusively in males. Histological findings after 9 month use of Triphala
mouth rinse revealed no changes in cells in 23 (85.2%), hyperkeratinization in 2 (7.4%),
hyperkeratinization and spongiosis was evident in 1 (3.7%), mild pleomorphism in 1 (3.7%) patient.
Comparative evaluation from 0-9 month showed statistically highly significant test (P < 0.01).
Conclusion: Use of different forms of tobacco and betel nut showed convincing relationship
between developments of oral pre-cancerous lesions. Triphala was found to have great potential for
reversal of these lesions.

Key words: Alcohol, oral pre-cancerous lesions, screening, tobacco, Triphala and teenagers.

13

AYU| Jul- Sep 2012| Vol 33| Issue 3

Swarna Bhasma in cancer: A prospective clinical study


Soumen Das, Mangal C. Das 1, Retina Paul 2
Assistant Professor, Department of Surgery, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and
Research (SSKM Hospital), 1Director, Department of Integrated Medicine, The Calcutta
Gastroenterology Research Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, 2Resident, Department of Microbiology,
Padmashree Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India

ABSTRACT
Despite the advances in the treatment of cancer, mortality is still high. Complementary and alternative
medicine is emerging as a potent modality in cancer treatment. Swarna Bhasma (SB), containing gold
particles, is an ancient Indian medicine has shown its anticancer activity. This present study was
conducted to detect the effect of SB on solid malignancies. A total of 43 patients were included in this
study received SB for 1 year. Seventeen patients showed response. The response was best in rectal
cancer group 70% (7/10). Nearly 41.02% patients survived for 1 year after treatment but after 5 years
this came down to 15.38%.

Key words: Cancer, complementary medicine, gold particle, Swarna Bhasma

14

Journal of Ayurveda Vol.1No.1 Jan-Mar 2007

Evaluation of Clinical Response of Carcinolyt (Herbal Nutrients) To Control


Adverse Effects of Radiotherapy in Cancer Patients.
*Dr. Amanpreet Kaur Broca, **Dr. Umesh Chandra Sharma, ***Prof Hetnant Kumar Kushwaha
****Prof S. S. Sharma *****Dr. D.P. Agarwal ******Dr. Arun Chauguley
*Incharge, Shalya Tatra Unit, GAH,Jammu
**Lecturer,Shalya Vibhag,Guru Nanak Dev Medical College, Ludhiana
***Professor &Head, Dept. of Shalya Tantra, N.I.A,Jaipur
****Professor & Ex-Head, Dept. of Shalya Tantra, N.I.A. Jaipur
*****Professor & Head, Radiotherapy unit S.M.S. Hospital, Jaipur
******Associate Professor, Radiotherapy unit S.M.S. Hospital, Jaipur
ABSTRACT
The Best in the cancer treatment will come through a combination of conventional and alternative
medicine. Ayurveda can play a vital role in palliative, promotive and preventive strategy against
cancer. The importance and utility of Ayurveda in cancer management is because there are limitations
to the present treatment modalities of this fatal disease, which are well known for their toxic effects and
complications. In the present study, an indigenous formulation- Carsinolyt (awaleha & Ghan Satvaa)
was evaluated to prevent side effects of Radiotherapy Trial was done on forty patients, Group A
Patients were given carsinolyt and radiotherapy simultaneously whereas Group B patients were given
radiotherapy only.
The results achieved were encouraging with improvement of 56.62% in mucosal reactions, 37.5% in
Haematological status, 18.18% in Pain, 8.33% in Salivary reactions, and 21.42% in Skin reactions.
Carsinolyt incorporates Agnideepak, Amadoshahar, Vrana shodhak, Vrana ropak, Vedna sthapak,
Vishaghna, Gandamala Nashak, Mukh shodhak, Raktashodhak & Balya drugs and the reduction of
cytotoxic effects of radiotherapy also owe to the same actions. Carsinolyt proved to be non-toxic,
immunomodulator, adaptogenic and radioprotective preparation.

Key words: Herbal, Radioprotective, Cancer, Radiotherapy, V1'Qnashodhak, Rakta Shodhak, Agnideepak;
Balya, Cytotoxic.

15

Journal of Clinical Oncology 2014 DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2013.51.8860

Yogas Impact on Inflammation, Mood, and Fatigue in Breast Cancer


Survivors: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Janice K. Kiecolt-Glaser, Jeanette M. Bennett, Rebecca Andridge, Juan Peng, Charles L. Shapiro,
William B. Malarkey, Charles F. Emery, Rachel Layman, Ewa E. Mrozek, and Ronald Glaser

Institute of Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University College of Medicine,
Columbus, OH43210
ABSTRACT
Purpose
To evaluate yogas impact on inflammation, mood, and fatigue.
Patients and Methods
A randomized controlled 3-month trial was conducted with two post-treatment assessments of 200 breast
cancer survivors assigned to either 12 weeks of 90-minute twice per week hatha yoga classes or a wait-list
control. The main outcome measures were lipopolysaccharide-stimulated production of proinflammatory
cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-_), and interleukin-1_ (IL-1_), and scores
on the Multidimensional Fatigue Symptom Inventory-Short Form (MFSI-SF), the vitality scale from the
Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short Form (SF-36), and the Center for Epidemiological StudiesDepression (CES-D) scale.

Results
Immediately post-treatment, fatigue was not lower (P _ .05) but vitality was higher (P _ .01) in the yoga
group compared with the control group. At 3 months post-treatment, fatigue was lower in the yoga group
(P _ .002), vitality was higher (P _ .01), and IL-6 (P _ .027), TNF-_ (P _ .027), and IL-1_ (P _ .037) were
lower for yoga participants compared with the control group. Groups did not differ on depression at either
time (P _ .2). Planned secondary analyses showed that the frequency of yoga practice had stronger
associations with fatigue at both post-treatment visits (P _ .019; P _ .001), as well as vitality (P _ .016; P _
.0045), but not depression (P _ .05) than simple group assignment; more frequent practice produced larger
changes. At 3 months post-treatment, increasing yoga practice also led to a decrease in IL-6 (P _ .01) and
IL-1_ (P _ .03) production but not in TNF-_ production (P _ .05).

Conclusion
Chronic inflammation may fuel declines in physical function leading to frailty and disability. If yoga
dampens or limits both fatigue and inflammation, then regular practice could have substantial health
benefits.

16

Explore (NY).2013; 9(4):232-243. Doi:10.1016/j.explore.2013.04.005

Effects of Yoga Interventions on Fatigue in Cancer Patients and


Survivors: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
Julie Sadja, MS1,2 and Paul J. Mills, PhD2
1 San Diego State University (SDSU) & University of California, San Diego (UCSD), Joint Doctoral
Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA
2 Department of Psychiatry, Behavioral Medicine Program, UCSD, La Jolla, CA

Abstract
BackgroundFatigue is one of the most frequently reported, distressing side effects reported by
cancer survivors and often has significant long-term consequences. Research indicates that yoga can
produce invigorating effects on physical and mental energy, and thereby may improve levels of fatigue.
The objective of this systematic review was to examine the literature that reports the effects of
randomized, controlled yoga interventions on self-reported fatigue in cancer patients and survivors.
The online electronic databases, PubMed and PsycINFO, were used to search for peer reviewed
research articles studying the effects of yoga interventions on fatigue in cancer survivors.
Combinations of yoga, cancer, and fatigue-related search terms were entered simultaneously to obtain
articles that included all three elements. Studies were included if they met the following inclusion
criteria: participants were male or female cancer patients or survivors participating in randomized,
controlled yoga interventions. The main outcome of interest was change in fatigue from pre- to postintervention. Interventions of any length were included in the analysis. Risk of bias using the format of
the Cochrane Collaborations tool for assessing risk of bias was also examined across studies.
Results Ten articles met inclusion criteria and involved a total of 583 participants who were
predominantly female, breast cancer survivors. Four studies indicated that the yoga intervention
resulted in significant reductions in self-reported fatigue from pre- to post-intervention. Three of the
studies reported that there were significant reductions of fatigue among participants who attended a
greater number of yoga classes. Risk of bias was high for areas of adequate selection, performance,
detection, and patient-reported bias and mixed for attrition and reporting bias. Risk of bias was
uniformly low for other forms of bias, including financial conflicts of interest.
ConclusionsResults of the studies included in this review suggest that yoga interventions may be
beneficial for reducing cancer-related fatigue in women with breast cancer; however, conclusions
should be interpreted with caution as a result of levels of bias and inconsistent methods used across
studies. More well-constructed randomized controlled trials are needed to determine the impact of yoga
interventions on fatigue in cancer patients and survivors.
Keywords
Yoga; cancer; fatigue

17

BMC Cancer 2011, 11:19

Classical homeopathy in the treatment of cancer patients - a prospective


observational study of two independent cohorts
Matthias Rostock1,4*, Johannes Naumann1,2, Corina Guethlin2,5, Lars Guenther2, Hans H
Bartsch1, Harald Walach3
1Tumour Biology Center at Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Germany.
2Dept. of Evaluation Research in Complementary Medicine, University
Hospital Freiburg, Germany. 3Institute for Transcultural Health Studies and
Samueli Institute, European Office, Europa Universitt Viadrina, Frankfurt
(Oder), Germany. 4Institute of Complementary Medicine, University Hospital
Zurich, Switzerland. 5Institute for General Practice, Johann Wolfgang Goethe
University Frankfurt, Germany.

Abstract
Background: Many cancer patients seek homeopathy as a complementary therapy. It has rarely been
studied systematically, whether homeopathic care is of benefit for cancer patients.
Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study with cancer patients in two differently
treated cohorts: one cohort with patients under complementary homeopathic treatment (HG; n = 259),
and one cohort with conventionally treated cancer patients (CG; n = 380). For a direct comparison,
matched pairs with patients of the same tumour entity and comparable prognosis were to be formed.
Main outcome parameter: change of quality of life (FACT-G, FACIT-Sp) after 3 months.
Secondary outcome parameters: change of quality of life (FACT-G, FACIT-Sp) after a year, as well as
impairment by fatigue (MFI) and by anxiety and depression (HADS).
Results: HG: FACT-G, or FACIT-Sp, respectively improved statistically significantly in the first three
months, from 75.6 (SD 14.6) to 81.1 (SD 16.9), or from 32.1 (SD 8.2) to 34.9 (SD 8.32), respectively.
After 12 months, a further increase to 84.1 (SD 15.5) or 35.2 (SD 8.6) was found. Fatigue (MFI)
decreased; anxiety and depression (HADS) did not change. CG: FACT-G remained constant in the first
three months: 75.3 (SD 17.3) at t0, and 76.6 (SD 16.6) at t1. After 12 months, there was a slight
increase to 78.9 (SD 18.1). FACIT-Sp scores improved significantly from t0 (31.0 - SD 8.9) to t1 (32.1
- SD 8.9) and declined again after a year (31.6 - SD 9.4). For fatigue, anxiety, and depression, no
relevant changes were found. 120 patients of HG and 206 patients of CG met our criteria for matchedpairs selection. Due to large differences between the two patient populations, however, only 11
matched pairs could be formed. This is not sufficient for a comparative study.
Conclusion: In our prospective study, we observed an improvement of quality of life as well as a
tendency of fatigue symptoms to decrease in cancer patients under complementary homeopathic
treatment. It would take considerably larger samples to find matched pairs suitable for comparison in
order to establish a definite causal relation between these effects and homeopathic treatment.
Background
Many cancer patients use complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) treatments. Homeopathy is
one of the most popular CAM modalities for cancer patients in seven out of 14 European countries [1].
Homeopathy has traditionally been very popular in India and South America.

18

2.2 PHARMACOLOGY,
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES
AND STANDARDIZATION

19

20

List of Plant extracts selected for screening of anticancer activity


S.No.
1.

Name of the Plant


Kantakari

Botanical Name
Solanum xanthocarpum

2.

Yashtimadhu

Glycyrrhiza glabra

3.

Daruharidra

Berberis aristata

4.

Pippali

Piper longum

5.

Sunthi

Zingiber offcinalis

6.

Katuki

Picrorhiza kurroa

7.

Guduchi

Tinospora cordifolia

8.

Vidanga

Embelia ribes

9.

Devadaru

Cedrus deodara

10.

Ashwagandha

Withania somnifera

11.

Amalki

Phyllanthus emblica

12.

Bhumyanmalaki

Phyllanthus amarus

13.

Vacha

Acorus calamus

14.

Kanchanar

Bauhinia variegate

15.

Haritaki

Terminalia chebula

21

Extract Used
Hydro-alcoholic
(60:40)
Hydro-alcoholic
(60:40)
Hydro-alcoholic
(60:40)
Hydro-alcoholic
(60:40)
Hydro-alcoholic
(60:40)
Hydro-alcoholic
(60:40)
Hydro-alcoholic
(60:40)
Hydro-alcoholic
(60:40)
Hydro-alcoholic
(60:40)
Hydro-alcoholic
(60:40)
Hydro-alcoholic
(60:40)
Hydro-alcoholic
(60:40)
Hydro-alcoholic
(60:40)
Hydro-alcoholic
(60:40)
Hydro-alcoholic
(60:40)

AYURVEDIC DRUGS IN THE MANAGEMENT


OF CANCER
Chief Investigator
G.C.Prasad
A.B.M.S. Ph. D.. M.A.M.S., F.I.A.P., F.A.M.S., F.A.I.M.
Prof. & Head
Department of Shalya-Shalakya
Institute of Medical Sciences,
Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005

Central Council for Research in Ayurveda and Siddha


(Deptt. Of I.S.M. & H.)
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (Govt. of India)
New Delhi

22

SUMMARY
Cancer is considered to be the most dreadful of all the diseases exixting in the world as it is fatal
for life. The mounting mortality rate reaches 7-10 millions per year all over the world. No disease
exists without the involvement of Tridosha as per Ayurvedic concepts. So is with the tumor. The high
mitotic activity and pain may be attributed to vatic predominance, the voluminous growth is attributed
to Shleshmic property and enzymatic interactions indicates Paittic prodominance.
A relative studies of various varieties of Arbudas was made in comparsion to neoplasia. Kaphaja
and Medaja Arbuda were similar to benign types of tumours. Raktaja Arbuda was similar to malignant
neoplasia. Mansaj Arbudas showed mixed characters of benign and malignant lesions.
Histopathological characters of tumours were analysed and compared to their Ayurvedic correlates.
Gulmas of various varieties were studied in patients of different Prakritis. It was found that the
mazimum number of cases of cancer were of Shleshmic Prakriti. Mamsa Dhatu was found to be
maximally involed. The maximum incidents of cancer was found in the age group 41-60 years. The
immune status of the cancer present were assessed in the present study (IgA, IgG & IgM) and the IgA
levels were found low. To some patients Poorva Karma was administered prior to chemotherapy i.e.
the patients were given Triphala Ghrit and Snehana Karma. Such patients showed incresase in IgA
(better immune status). In patients receiving Ayurvedic therapy, prior to chemotherapy, the side effect
of chemotherapy viz. nausea, loss of body weight, anemia, skin-discolouration, and hair falling were
decreased. Survival period was more than three years in such patients.
After extensive studies on experimental tumour (in vivo and in vitro) an Ayurvedic formulation
was made for the cancer patients. This formulation consisted of
(a) Bhallataka
(b) Rohitaka
(c) Madhuyashthi
(d) Tamra Bhasma
The patients were divided into five groups to assess the effect of the above mentioned formulation
It was observed that the patients who received Ayurvedic drug as an adjuvant theraphy showed
maximum response. A significant improvement was observed in hemoglobin percentage, body weight
and span of life. Patients who received only Ayurvedic drug, revealed result comparable to
chemotheraphy treated group. The drug was found more effective in leukeamia with spleenomegaly
lymphoma, squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarnicoma.
As GABA is a synthetic enzyme and glutamate is a degradading enzyme. GABA is decreased and
glutamate is increased in cancer patient. This is due to low GAD activity. It was observed in the
present study that GAD activity declines with age, particularly in paients of Kapha Prakriti. Thus
GAD may be considered not only a tumour market but also a biochemical parameter of establishing
Prakriti.
The probable mode of action of Ayurvedic treatment may be by increasing body resistance and
tumor immunity to fight against cancer cells and accelerating enzymatic activity of glutamate
decarboxy in the blood by arresting the abnormal tumour cells.

23

Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge Vol.12(4),October 2013,pp.682-687

Evaluation of some plant extracts for standardization and anticancer activity


SN Gaidhani1*, Arjun Singh1, Suman Kumari1, GS Lavekar1, AS Juvekar2, S Sen2 & MM Padhi1
1Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, 61-65, Institutional area, Opposite D Block, Janakpuri,
New delhi;
2Advance Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Kharger, Navi Mumbai-410
210, India
*E-mail: sudeshgaidhani@gmail.com

Received 17.11.10, revised 04.07.13

In recent times, the trend in cancer research is shifting towards identifying new medicines from natural resources
for management of cancer. Medicinal plants such as Sthauneyaka (Taxus baccata L.) and compound
formulations like Triphalaghrita, Khadirarista, Madhusnuhi rasayana, Maha triphaladya ghrita, Panchatikta
guggulu ghrita are indicated in the Ayurvedic texts for management of cancer/ tumour. The anti-proliferative
activities of hydro-alcoholic extracts of some standardized plant materials were screened against a panel of 14
human cancer cell lines representing different tissues (lung, pancreas, colon, cervix, oral, bladder, prostate,
breast, leukaemia, etc.) through Sulforhodamine-B (SRB) assay. The findings revealed that Cedrus deodara
(Roxb.) ex Lamb. and Berberis aristata (Roxb.) ex DC. have maximum anticancer activity against 3 cell lines
while Withania somnifera Dunal. showed activity against two cell lines. In addition to these, Picrorhizakurroa
Royle ex Benth. and Piper longum L. were found active against only one cell line. These results indicate the
potential of Ayurvedic medicinal herbs as anti-neoplastic agents mentioned in the Ayurvedic texts. However,
further studies are needed for evaluating their mechanism of action and to isolate the active anticancer
compounds responsible for this activity.
Keywords: Medicinal plants, Standardization, Anticancer activity
IPC Int. Cl.8: A61K 36/00, A01D 4/04, A01D 4/34

24

Phramacognosy Magazine [Phcog.Mag] Vol.5,Issue 20 (Suppl.), Oct-Dec, 2009 Page 425-429

In-Vitro Anticancer Activity of Standard Extracts Used In Ayurveda


Gaidhani S.N.#*, Lavekar G.S.#, Juvekar A.S.##, Sen S##, Singh Arjun#, Kumari Suman#

#Central Council For Research in Ayurveda & Siddha, Dept. of Ayush, Ministry of Health & F.W.,
Janakpuri, New Delhi-58. # #ACTREC, TMC Kharghar, Navi , Mumbai , India

* Author for correspondence : *Assistant Director (Pharmacology), Central Council for Research in
Ayurveda & Siddha, Dept. of AYUSH, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Janakpuri, New delhi-58,
+919868349837 (m), E-mail-sudeshgaidhani@ gmail.com

ABSTRACT
The hydro-alcoholic extracts of five Ayurvedic medicinal plants, pericarp of Terminalia chebula,
rhizome of Acorus calamus, stem bark of Bauhinia variegate, whole plant of Phyllanthus amarus, root
of Glycyrrhiza glabra were evaluated for their anti-proliferative activity on fourteen cancer cell lines.
These plant extracts were tested by sulforhodamine-B (SRB) assay for its anti proliferative activity and
four extracts except Glycyrrhiza glabra were found active against prostrate cancer cell line (DU145. In
addition to this Terminalia chebula exhibited activity against leukemia cancer cell line (K562).

Keywords: Standardization, Anticancer, Cell Line, SRB Assay.

25

J Biomed Sci and Res.,Vol 2 (4), 2010, 231-235

Screening the Anti-Cancerous Efficacy of Achyranthes aspera Linn. using Animal


Model Swiss Albino Mice
Geetha. P1, Narayanan. K.R2* and A.G. Murugesan1
1Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Environmental Sciences, Manonamaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi 627 412. 2Department of Advanced Zoology and Biotechnology, Sri Paramakalyani College, Alwarkurichi
627 412, Tamilnadu, India.

Abstract:
Achyranthes aspera is a one of the important traditional medicinal plant. In the present investigation
anticancer efficiency of A. aspera was evaluated in Swiss albino mice after treated with mineral oil. In
Swiss albino mice the cancer state was induced by intra-peritonial injection of mineral oil at a dose of 1
ml/kg of body weight for 21 days. The tail length of the normal mice was 9.6 cm whereas the mice
with metastasize tumor in the head had a tail length of 5.8 cm, metastasize throat cancer mice had 5.9
cm of tail length and the mice with plasma cytoma alone had the tail length of 5.4 cm. The anti
cancerous activity of A. aspera leaves was tested against mineral oil induced cancer mice.
Simultaneously a group of mice was first intra-peritoneally injected with the sub-lethal doses (3 mg/ ml
and 1.5 mg/ ml) of ether extract for 15 days. After 15 days the extract given mice were treated with 1
ml/kg of mineral oil periodically for 21 days. It was found that none of the mice got the symptoms of
cancer. The present work clearly indicates that the ether extract at the concentration of 3 mg/ ml is very
effective in reducing the cancer symptoms.

Keywords: Anti-Cancer activity, mice, mineral oil, ether extract and Achyranthes aspera.

26

Journal of Ethnopharmacology 100(2005) 72-79

Plants as a source of anti-cancer agents


Gordon M. Cragg , David J. Newman
Natural Products Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and
Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, P.O. Box B, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA
Accepted 18 May 2005
Available online 11 July 2005.
Abstract
Plant-derived compounds have been an important source of several clinically useful anti-cancer agents.
These include vinblastine, vincristine, the camptothecin derivatives, topotecan and irinotecan,
etoposide, derived from epipodophyllotoxin, and paclitaxel (taxol). A number of promising new
agents are in clinical development based on selective activity against cancer-related molecular targets,
including flavopiridol and combretastin A4 phosphate, while some agents which failed in earlier
clinical studies are stimulating renewed interest.

Keywords: Camptothecins; Combretastatins; Flavopiridol; Podophyllotoxins; Taxanes; Vinca


alkaloids; Cell cycle target inhibitors

27

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol.6, Suppl 1, 2014

PREPARATION AND STANDARDIZATION STUDIES ON VEERA MEZHUGU


A SIDDHA ANTICANCER FORMULATION
P RAJALAKSHMI, C SAVARIRAJ SAGAYAM , P BRINDHA

Centre for Advanced Research in Indian System of medicine (CARISM), SASTRA University,
Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu. Email: drrajibsms@gmail.com

Received: 23 Nov 2013, Revised and Accepted: 25 Dec 2013

ABSTRACT
Veeramezhugu is a Siddha formulation which is often prescribed in cancer therapy. It is a poly herbometalic preparation comprising Veeram (Corrosive sublimate), Rasam (Mercury), Pooram (Calomel),
Lingam (Cinnaber), Sudam (Camphor), Sambirani (Benzoin), Perungayam (Asafoetida), Vediuppu
(Potassium nitrate), Navacharam (Ammonium chloride), Vengaram (Borax), Nervalam seed (Croton
tiglium) and honey. In the present work this anticancer Siddha formulation is studied from process and
product standardization point of view. Physicochemical parameters are determined for the end product
as per Siddha Pharmacopoeia. Such kind of standardization studies will contribute in establishing
scientifically the merits of Siddha herbo-metalic preparations.

Keywords: Veera mezhugu, Preparation, Purification, Standardization.

28

Pharma Science Monitor Vol-2,Issue-2,2011


PHARMACOGNOSTIC, PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL
STUDIES AND ANTICANCEROUS POTENTIAL OF TRIGONELLA
FOENUM-GRAECUM
G. Chauhan*1, M. Sharma1, H. Kharkwal2 and A. Varma1

1 Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Block 'E-3', Fourth Floor,
Sector 125, Noida, UP 201 303, India.
2 Amity Institute of Herbal Research and Studies, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Block 'E-3', Fourth
Floor, Sector 125, Noida, UP 201 303, India.

ABSTRACT
The present study deals with the pharmacognostic, preliminary phytochemical studies and anticancer
properties of seeds of Trigonella foenum-graecum. The present paper highlights the macroscopic
characters of seeds, physico-chemical evaluation, preliminary phytochemical studies and anticancer
properties of the seeds. These observations would be of immense value in the botanical identification
and standardization of the drug in crude form and would help distinguish the drug from its other
species. Phytochemical standardization parameters such as moisture content, total ash, water soluble
and acid insoluble ash, alcohol soluble and water soluble extractives were determined. Preliminary
identification of phyto-constituents was performed. HPLC study of the alcoholic extract obtained from
the seeds was carried out and seven compounds were separated. A comprehensive overview of the
pharmacognostic, phyto-chemical analysis of the seed extract and the literature survey carried out for
the anticancer properties of fenugreek seeds.

Keywords: Medicinal plant, Trigonella foenum-graecum, Fenugreek, Physico-chemical studies,


Phytochemical Studies.

29

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, Vol 12, 2011

Comparative Anticancer Potential of Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) - an Indian


Spice - Against Cancer Cell Lines of Various Anatomical Origin
Vinay Dwivedi1&, Richa Shrivastava1&, Showket Hussain1, Chaiti Ganguly2
Mausumi Bharadwaj1*
1Div. of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Inst. of Cytology & Preventive Oncology, Noida, 2Dept
of Biotechnology, IILM Academy, Gr. Noida, India
Abstract
Spices, active ingredients of Indian cooking, may play important roles in prevention and treatment of
various cancers. The objective of the present study is to compare the in vitro anticancer activities of
three different extracts of Clove (Syzygium aromaticum L), a commonly used spice and food flavouring
agent, against different kinds of cancer cell lines of various anatomical derivations. Water, ethanol and
oil extracts were screened for anti proliferative activity against HeLa (cervical cancer), MCF-7 (ER +
ve) and MDA-MB-231 (ER ve) breast cancer, DU-145 prostate cancer and TE-13 esophageal cancer
cell lines, along with normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Inhibition of cell proliferation was
assessed using MTT assay as a vital stain. In the examined five cancer cell lines, the extracts showed
different patterns of cell growth inhibition activity, with the oil extract having maximal cytotoxic
activity. Morphological analysis and DAPI staining showed cytotoxicity to be a result of cell disruption
with subsequent membrane rupture. Maximum cell death and apoptotic cell demise occurred in TE-13
cells within 24 hours by clove oil at 300l/ml with 80% cell death whereas DU-145 cells showed
minimal cell death. At the same time, no significant cytotoxicity was found in human PBMCs at the
same dose.
Keywords: Clove - eugenol - GLC - cytotoxicity - DAPI - apoptosis

30

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, Vol 13, 2012

Cytotoxicity, Toxicity, and Anticancer Activity of Zingiber Officinale Roscoe


Against Cholangiocarcinoma
Tullayakorn Plengsuriyakarn1, Vithoon Viyanant1, Veerachai Eursitthichai1, Smarn Tesana2,
Wanna Chaijaroenkul1, Arunporn Itharat3, Kesara Na- Bangchang1*
1Thailand Excellence Center in Drug Discovery and Development, 3Applied Thai Traditional
Medicine Center, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, 2Department of
Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an uncommon adenocarcinoma which arises from the epithelial cells of
the bile ducts. The aim of the study was to investigate the cytotoxicity, toxicity, and anticancer activity
of a crude ethanolic extract of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) against CCA. Cytotoxic activity
against a CCA cell line (CL-6) was assessed by calcein-AM and Hoechst 33342 assays and antioxidant activity was evaluated using the DPPH assay. Investigation of apoptotic activity was
performed by DNA fragmentation assay and induction of genes that may be involved in the resistance
of CCA to anticancer drugs (MDR1, MRP1, MRP2, and MRP3) was examined by real-time PCR. To
investigate anti-CCA activity in vivo, a total of 80 OV and nitrosamine (OV/ DMN)-induced CCA
hamsters were fed with the ginger extract at doses of 1000, 3000, and 5000 mg/kg body weight daily or
every alternate day for 30 days. Control groups consisting of 10 hamsters for each group were fed with
5-fluorouracil (positive control) or distilled water (untreated control). Median IC50 (concentration that
inhibits cell growth by 50%) values for cytotoxicity and anti-oxidant activities of the crude ethanolic
extract of ginger were 10.95, 53.15, and 27.86 g/ml, respectively. More than ten DNA fragments were
visualized and up to 7-9 fold up-regulation of MDR1 and MRP3 genes was observed following
exposure to the ethanolic extract of ginger. Acute and subacute toxicity tests indicated absence of any
significant toxicity at the maximum dose of 5,000 mg/kg body weight given by intragastric gavage.
The survival time and survival rate of the CCA-bearing hamsters were significantly prolonged
compared to the control group (median of 54 vs 17 weeks). Results from these in vitro and in vivo
studies thus indicate promising anticancer activity of the crude ethanolic extract of ginger against CCA
with the absence of any significant toxicity. Moreover, MDR1 and MRP3 may be involved in
conferring resistance of CCA to the ginger extract.

Keywords: Cholangiocarcinoma - cytotoxicity - ginger - Zingiber Officinale roscoe

31

Cancer Letters 231(2006)206-214

Potential of traditional ayurvedic formulation, Triphala, as a novel anticancer drug


T. Sandhyaa, K.M. Lathikaa, B.N. Pandeyb, K.P. Mishraa,*
a Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India b
Department of Radiology, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
Received 8 December 2004; received in revised form 30 January 2005; accepted 31 January 2005

Abstract
The cytotoxic effects of aqueous extract of Triphala, an ayurvedic formulation, were investigated on
human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) and a transplantable mouse thymic lymphoma (barcl-95). The
viability of treated cells was found to decrease with the increasing concentrations of Triphala. On the
other hand, treatment of normal breast epithelial cells, MCF-10 F, human peripheral blood
mononuclear cells, mouse liver and spleen cells, with similar concentrations of Triphala did not affect
their cytotoxicity significantly. The drug treatment was found to induce apoptosis in MCF-7 and barcl95 cells in vitro as determined by annexin-V fluorescence and proportion of apoptotic cells was found
dependent on Triphala concentration. MCF-7 cells treated with Triphala when subjected to single cell
gel electrophoresis, revealed a pattern of DNA damage, characteristic of apoptosis. Studies on Triphala
treated MCF-7 and barcl-95 cells showed significant increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species
(ROS) in a concentration dependent manner. ROS increase was, however, found to be insignificant in
MCF-10 F as well as in murine spleen and liver normal cells. In vivo, direct oral feeding of Triphala to
mice (40 mg/kg body weight) transplanted with barcl-95 produced significant reduction in tumor
growth as evaluated by tumor volume measurement. It was also found that apoptosis was significantly
higher in the excised tumor tissue of Triphala fed mice as compared to the control, suggesting
the involvement of apoptosis in tumor growth reduction. These results suggest that Triphala possessed
ability to induce cytotoxicity in tumor cells but spared the normal cells. The differential effect of
Triphala on normal and tumor cells seems to be related to its ability to evoke differential response in
intracellular ROS generation. The differential response of normal and tumor cells to Triphala in vitro
and the substantial regression of transplanted tumor in mice fed with Triphala points to its potential use
as an anticancer drug for clinical treatment.

Keywords: Triphala; MCF-7; Barcl-95; Cellular cytotoxicity; Apoptosis; ROS; Oxidative stress

32

International Journal of Phytomedicine 3(2011) 27-31

Aloe-emodin novel anticancer Herbal Drug


Khemkaran Ahirwar1 * Sanmati K. Jain1
1 Columbia Institute of Pharmacy, Raipur, C.G.
Abstract
The electrochemical behaviour of the anticancer herbal drug emodin hydroxyanthraquinone present in
Aloe vera leaves has a specific in vitro and in vivo antineuroectodermal tumor activity. The
compound does not inhibit the proliferation of normal fibroblasts n or that of hemopoietic progenitor
cells. The cytotoxicity mechanism consists of the induction of apoptosis, whereas the selectivity
against neuroectodermal tumor cells is founded on a specific energy-dependent pathway of drug
incorporation. Natural compounds that have traditionally been used to treat a variety of diseases for
hundreds of years (1, 2, 3). We assayed only those natural compounds that have already been proven to
be nontoxic, and we evaluated their efficacy against highly malignant tumors that are not normally
included in the classical screening assays.
Keywords: Anticancer herbal drug; Emodin; Electrochemical; Dynamics
Indian J Pharm Sci, 2010 Sep-Oct; 72(5): 659-663

In Vitro Anticancer Activity of the Root, Stem and Leaves of Withania Somnifera
against Various Human Cancer Cell Lines
B. Yadav, A. Bajaj, M. Saxena, and A. K. Saxena

Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (CSIR), Bhopal462 026, India
1 Botany Department, Motilal Vigyan Mahavidhalaya, Bhopal462 016, India
2 Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Jammu Tawi180 001, India
Address for correspondence: Email:bhishamyadav@yahoo.com
Received November 20, 2009 Revised June 21, 2010 Accepted September 30, 2010.
Abstract
Withania Somnifera Dunal know as Ashwagandha belong Solanaceae family. It is extensively used in
most of the Indian herbal pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals. The current study, evaluate in vitro
cytotoxicity in 50% ethanol extract of root, stem and leaves of Withania Somnifera against five human
cancer cell lines of four different tissues i.e. PC3, DU145 (prostrate), HCT15 (colon), A549 (lung) and
IMR32 (neuroblastoma). Root, stem and leaves extracts showed cytotoxicity activity ranging 098%
depending on the cell lines but maximum activity was found in 50% ethanol extract of leaves of
Withania Somnifera. Ethanol extract of leaves obtained from treatments T2, T3, T4 and T5 showed
strong activity against PC3 and HCT15 with 8098% growth inhibition, while the 50% ethanol extract
of leaves from T1 treatment showed a minimum of 39% and T3 treatment showed a maximum of 98%
growth inhibition against HCT15. This investigation is the first report of the anticancer activity in
various parts of Withania Somnifera cultivated in fly ash amended soil.
Keywords: Anticancer, cytotoxicity, fly ash, PC3, HCT15, prostrate, Withania Somnifera
33

Asian Journal of Traditional Medicines, 2011, 6(3)

In vitro-evaluation of anticancer and antimicrobial activity of selected medicinal


plants from Ayurveda
Rajesh N. Gacche *, Rafik U. Shaikh, Mahesh M. Pund
School of Life Sciences, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded 431 606. (MS), India

Abstract
The use of natural substances to inhibit carcinogenesis is a rapidly evolving aspect of cancer research.
In present investigation the ethanolic extract of Argemone mexicana L., (Papaveraceae), Polyalthia
longifolia (Sonner.) Thw. (Annonaceae), Terminaliabellarica (Gaerth.) Roxb. (Combretaceae) and
Terminalia chebula Retz. Abs. (Combretaceae) were evaluated for their in vitro anticancer and
antimicrobial activity. The results obtained indicates that P. longifolia possess a potential inhibiting
activity towards HeLa-B75 [(68.22 0.71) %] HEP-3B [(39.15 0.12)%] and PN-15 [(55.21
0.42)%] cancer cell lines. The selected plant samples were also assessed for their antimicrobial activity
against Escherichia coli (DH5-), Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC 96), Proteus vulgaris (MTCC 1751),
and Candida albicans (MTCC 3017) and the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were
determined using microdilution assay. In general, it was observed that the extract of A. mexicana was
found to be more effective against selected microbial strains. The results of the present findings may be
useful for the discovery of novel anticancer and antimicrobial agents from the plant origin.
Key words: anticancer activity; antibacterial activity; medicinal plants; Ayurveda

34

Research Journal of Medicinal Plant 5(6): 728-737,2011

Preliminary Anticancer Screening and Standardization of some Indigenous


Medicinal Plants using Cell biology and Molecular Biotechnology Based Models
1

S. Kavitha Bagya,2P.V. Rajashree and 3Kishore Gnana Sam

Department of Biochemistry, Dr. G.R. Damodaran College of Science, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India
Department of Biochemistry, Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India
3
Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical College, Ajman, UAE
2

Corresponding Author: S Kavitha Bagya, Department of Biochemistry, Dr. C.R. Damodaran College of
Science, Coirnbatore, Tamilnadu, India
ABSTRACT
Alcoholic extracts of four Indian medicinal plants Kaempferia galanga (Zingiberacae) Linn.
Clerodendrum viocosun (Verbenaceae) Linn., Jatropha curcus (Euphorbiaceae) Linn. And Lens
culinaris (Fabaceae) Linn, were subjected to preliminary screening for their antitumor activity. Acute
toxicity studies in mice revealed that all the ethanolic extracts were safe up to a dose level of 500, 1000,
2000 mg kg -1 body weight. Preliminary short term anticancer screening, by brine shrimp lethality test,
potato disc inhibition and DLA cell line assay, proved that K. galanga, exhibited significant antitumor
activity and it was therefore, selected as a candidate plant for more detailed phytochemical and
mechanistic studies. Brine shrimp lethality assay revealed that K. galanga extract inhibited tumor
development at a lower concentration LC50 = 684.2 g mL-1 as compared to 901, 866 and 5436 g mL-1
for the extracts of C. viscosum, J. curcus and L. culnaris, respectively. Alcoholic extract of K. galanga
significantly (p<0.001) inhibited Agrobacterium induced tumors in potato discs with average tumor
count of 15, 11, 8.0, 6.0 and 4.8 at concentrations of 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 g mL-1, respectively. K
galanga extract regress tumors equipotently to vincristine in Dalton Lymphoma Ascitic (DLA) cell
tumor bearing mice. There was a statistically significant (p<0.001) higher mean increase in Percentage
Life Span(ILS) in rats treated with K. galanga extract 73.2710.51with median value of 69.85% as
compared toVincristine group 53.8411.94 with median 54.25%. Preliminary phytochemical tests of the
candidate plant K. galanga indicated the presence of fiavonoids, suggesting a prominent role for them in
anticancer activity.
Key words: Anticancer, acute toxicity, cytotoidcity, flavonoids

35

Toxicologic Pathology, 36:576-580, 2008

Ursolic Acid and Oleanolic Acid Suppress Preneoplastic Lesions


Induced by 1,2 Dimethylhydrazine in Rat Colon

RICARDO A. FURTADO,1 RLON P. RODRIGUES,1 FELIPE R. R. ARAJO,1 WENDEL L. OLIVEIRA,1


MICHELLE A. FURTADO,1MRCIO B. CASTRO,2 WILSON R. CUNHA,1 AND DENISE C. TAVARES1
1Universidade de Franca, Avenida Dr. Armando Salles de Oliveira, 201 Parque Universitrio, Franca-SP, Brazil
2Universidade de Braslia, Campus Universitrio Darcy Ribeiro, Braslia, Distrito Federal, Brazil

ABSTRACT
Ursolic acid (UA) and oleanolic acid (OA) are pentacyclic triterpenoid compounds found in plants used
in the human diet and in medicinal herbs, in the form of aglycones or as the free acid. These
compounds are known for their hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, hypoglycemic,
antimutagenic, antioxidant, and antifertility activities. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of
UA and OA on the formation of 1, 2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)induced aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in
the colon of the male Wistar rat. The animals received subcutaneous (sc) injections of DMH (40 mg/kg
body weight) twice a week for two weeks to induce ACF. UA, OA and a mixture of UA and OA were
administered to the rats five times a week for four weeks by gavage at doses of 25 mg/kg body
weight/day each, during and after DMH treatment. All animals were sacrificed in week 5 for the
evaluation of ACF. The results showed a significant reduction in the frequency of ACF in the group
treated with the triterpenoid compounds plus DMH when compared to those treated with DMH alone,
suggesting that UA and OA suppress the formation of ACF and have a protective effect against colon
carcinogenesis.

Keywords: ursolic acid; oleanolic acid; aberrant crypt foci

36

Cancer Research 40, 2661-2665, August 1980

A Double-Blind Study on the Effects of Differing Purified Cellulose and Pectin


Fiber Diets on 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine-induced Rat Colonic Neoplasia
Hugh J. Freeman,2 Gene A. Spiller, and Young S. Kim
Gastrointestinal Research Laboratory, Veterans Administration Hospital, University of California, San
Francisco, california 94 121 (H. J. F., V. S. K.]; Cancer Research Centre, University of British Columbia,
Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada(H. J. F.); and Syntex Research, Palo Alto, California 94303 (G. A. S.)

ABSTRACT
The incidence, distribution, size, and histopathology of co Ionic tumors induced by parenteral
administration of 1,2-di methylhydrazine were examined in rats fed a chemically de fined fiber-free
diet or nutritionally and calorically equivalent diets containing either 4.5 or 9.0% purified cellulose or
pectin. This double-blind study indicates that cellulose is protective against experimental colonic
neoplasia. Although the precise mechanism for this protective effect remains to be elucidated, it was
not cellulose dose dependent and appeared to depend on administration during injection of carcinogen.
Furthermore, this study provides strong evidence that identical amounts of cellulose and pectin fed as
the sole source of fiber in chemically defined diets exert strikingly different effects in relation to
development of intestinal neoplasia in this animal model.

37

Cancer Research 53, 3493-3498, August 1993

Chemoprevention of Colon Carcinogenesis by Organosulfur Compounds


Bandaru S. Reddy,2 Chinthalapally V. Rao, Abraham Rivenson, and Gary Kelloff
Division of Nutritional Carcinogenesis B.S. R., C. V. R.and Division of Pathology and Toxicology A.R.,American
Health Foundation. Valhalla. New York I05V5. And Chemoprevention Branch. Division of Cancer Control and Prevention.
National Cancer Institute. Bethesda. Maryland 20892 [G. K.I

ABSTRACT
It has been reported that several naturally occurring and related synthetic organosulfur compounds
exert chemopreventive effects in several target organs in rodent models. The chemopreventive actions
of 40 and 80% maximum tolerated doses (MTD) of organosulfur compounds, namely anethole
trithione, diallyl disulfide, W-acelylcysteine, and taurine, administered in AIN-76A diet, on
azoxymethane (AOM)-induced neopla sia were investigated in male F344 rats. Also, the effects of
these agents on the activities of phase II enzymes, namely glutathione S-transferase (GST), NAD(P) Hdependent quinone reductase, and UDP-glucuronosyl transferase, in the liver and colonic mucosa and
tumors were assessed. The MTD levels of anethole trithione, diallyl disulfide. N-acetylcysteine, and
taurine were determined in male F344 rats and found to be 250,250,1500, and 1500 ppm, respectively.
At 5 weeks of age, animals were fed the control diet (AIN-76A) or experimental diets containing 40 or
80% MTD levels of each test agent. All animals in each group, except those allotted for vehicle (saline)
treatment, were administered AOM s.c. at a dose rate of 15 mg/kg body weight once weekly for 2
weeks. All animals were necropsied during week 52 after the second AOM injection. Colonic mucosal
and tumor and liver enzyme activities were measured in animals fed 80% MTD levels of each test
agent. Colon tumors were subjected to histopathological evaluation and classified as invasive or
noninvasive adenocarcinomas. Colontumor incidence (percentage of animals with tumors) and tumor
multiplicity (tumors/animal) were compared among various dietary groups. The results indicated that
administration of 200 ppm (80% MTD) anethole trithione significantly inhibited the incidence and
multiplicity of both invasive and non-invasive adenocarcinomas, whereas feeding of 100 ppm (40%
MTD) anethole trithione or 100 (40% MTD) or 200 ppm (80% MTD) diallyl disulfide suppressed only
invasive adenocarcinomas of the colon. Although diets containing N-acelylcysteine and taurine
inhibited colon tumor multiplicity, the effect was somewhat marginal. GST, N VI)-(P) H-dependent
quinone reductase, and UDP-glucuronosyl transferase activities in colonic mucosa and tumor and liver
were significantly elevated in animals fed anethole trithione or diallyl disulfide, compared to those fed
the control diet. N-Acetylcysteine and taurine slightly but significantly increased only the GST activity
in the liver. Although other mechanisms are not excluded, inhibition of AOM-induced colon
carcinogenesis by anethole trithione and diallyl disulfide may be associated, in part, with
increased activities of phase II enzymes such as GST, NAD(P)H-dependent quinone reductase,
and UDP-glucuronosyl transferase in the liver and colon.

38

European Journal of Pharmacology 637 (2010) 22-29

Chemopreventive potential of ferulic acid in 7,12-dimethylbenz[a] anthraceneinduced mammary carcinogenesis in SpragueDawley rats
Nagarethinam Baskaran, Shanmugam Manoharan , Subramanian Balakrishnan,
Pachaiappan Pugalendhi
Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar
608 002, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract
Aim of the present study was to investigate the chemopreventive potential of ferulic acid on 7,12dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) induced mammary carcinogenesis in SpragueDawley rats. The
chemopreventive potential of ferulic acid was assessed by monitoring the tumor incidence, as well as
analyzing the status of biochemical (enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants and phase II
detoxification enzymes) and molecular (p53 and bcl-2) markers during DMBA-induced mammary
carcinogenesis. Mammary carcinogenesis was induced in SpragueDawley rats by providing a single
subcutaneous injection of 25 mg of DMBA in 1 ml emulsion of sunflower oil (0.75 ml) and
physiological saline (0.25 ml) to each rat. Oral administration of ferulic acid at a dose of 40 mg/kg
body weight to rats treated with DMBA significantly prevented the tumor formation in 80% of animals
(8/10). Also, oral administration of ferulic acid significantly protected the biochemical and molecular
abnormalities in DMBA treated rats. Although the exact mechanism for the chemopreventive potential
of ferulic acid in DMBA-induced mammary carcinogenesis is unclear, its antigenotoxic and
antioxidant potential as well as modulatory effect on phase II detoxification cascade could play a
possible role.

Keywords: Mammary cancer Chemoprevention Ferulic acid DMBA

39

World J Gastroentero, 2000; 6(5):699-703

Chemoprevention of tea on colorectal cancer induced by


dimethylhydrazine in Wistar rats
Xu Dong Jia and Chi Han
Department of Food Toxicology, Institute of Nutrition and Food
Hygiene, Beijing 100050, China
Subject headings: colorectal neoplasms; dimethylhydrazine;
tea;
apoptosis;
aberant
crypt
foci; rats; proliferating cell nuclear antigen; chemoprevention
Jia XD, Han C. Chemoprevention of tea on colorectal cancer induced by dimethylhydrazine in
Wistar rats. World J Gastroentero, 2000;6(5): 699-703
ABSTRACT:
AIM To investigate the chemopreventive effects of green tea and tea pigment on 1,2dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced rat colorectal carcinogenesis. METHODS Male weaning
Wistar rats were randomly allocated into four groups. Rats in the positive control group were
given s.c.injection of DMH, once a week for ten weeks; rats in tea- treated groups, with the
same DMH treatment as in the positive group, received 2% green tea and 0.1% tea pigments;
rats in the negative control group were given s.c. injection of the same volume of saline as well
as DMH in the positive group. Animals were sacrificed and necropsied at the end of week 16
and week 32. RESULTS Aberrant cryptic foci (ACF) were formed in animals in DMHtreated groups at the end of week 16. Compared to the DMH group, green tea and tea pigments
groups had less ACF (148.25 and 204.25, respectively, P<0.01). At the end of week 32,
all rats in DMH group developed large intestinal tumors. The results also showed that DMH
increased labelling index (LI) of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) of intestinal mucosa
and the expression of ras- p21. However, in the tea-treated groups, PCNA- LI was significantly
reduced as compared with the positive control group (36.63 and 40.36 in the green tea group
and tea pigment group, respectively, at the end of the experiment, P<0.01). ras-p21
expression was also significantly reduced (2.07 and 2.36 in the colon tumors of rats in the
green tea group and tea pigments group, respectively at the end of the experiment, P<0.01).
Furthermore, green tea
and tea pigment inhibited the expression of Bcl-2 protein (2, 5, 1, 0 and 2, 4, 1, 0,
respectively, at the end of the experiment P<0.01), and induced expression of Bax protein
(0, 1, 3, 4 and 0, 1, 4, 3, respectively, P<0.01).
CONCLUSION
Chinese green tea drinking inhibited ACF and colonic tumors formation in rats, which showed
that tea had a significant chemopreventive effect on DMH-induced colorectal
carcinogenesis. Such effects may be due to suppression of cell proliferation and induction of
apoptosis in the intestinal crypts.

40

Cancer Research 55, 259-266, January 15,1995

Chemoprevention of Colon Carcinogenesis by Dietary Curcumin, a


Naturally Occurring Plant Phenolic Compound
Chinthalapally V. Rao, Abraham Rivenson, Barbara Simi, and Bandaru S. Reddy
Divisions of Nutritional Carcinogenesis [C. V. R., B. S., B. S. R.] Pathology [A. R] American
Health Foundation, Valhalla, New York 10595

ABSTRACT
Human epidemiological and laboratory animal model studies have suggested that
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs reduce the risk of development of colon cancer and
that the inhibition of colon carcinogenesis is mediated through the alteration in
cyclooxygenase metabolism of arachidonic acid. Curcumin, which is a naturally occurring
compound, is present in turmeric, possesses both antiinflammatory and antioxidant
properties, and has been tested for its chemopreventive properties in skin and forestomach
carcinogenesis. The present study was designed to investigate the chemopreventive action of
dietary curcumin on azoxymethane induced colon carcinogenesis and also the modulating
effect of this agent on the colonic mucosal and tumor phospholipase A2,phosphoilpase Cyl,
lipoxygenase, and cydooxygenase activities in male F344 rats. At 5 weeks of age, groups of
animals were fed the control (modified AIN-76A) diet or a diet containing 2000 ppm of
curcumin. At 7 weeks of age, all animals, except those in the vehicle (normal saline)-treated
groups, were given two weekly s.c. injections of azoxymethane at a dose rate of 15 mg/kg
body weigh L All groups were continued on their respective dietary regimen until the
termination of the experiment at 52 weeks after the carcinogen treatment Colonic tumors
were evaluated histopathologically Colonic mucosa and tumors were analyzed for
phospholipase A2, phospholipase C1, ex-vivo prostaglandin (PG) E2, cyclooxygenase, and
lipoxygenase activities. The results indicate that dietary administration of curcumin
significantly inhibited incidence of colon adenocarcinomas (P < 0.004) and the multiplicity
of invasive (P < 0.015), noninvasive (P < 0.01), and total (invasive plus noninvasive)
adenocarcinomas (P < 0.001). Dietary curcumin also significantly suppressed the colon
tumor volume by >57% corn pared to the control diet Animals fed the curcumin diet showed
decreased activities of colonic mucosal and tumor phosphoilpase A2 (50%) and
phospholipase C1 (40%) and levels of PGE2 (>38%). The formation of prostaglandins such
as PGE2, PGF2, PGD2, 6-keto PGF1, and thromboxane B2 through the cyclooxygenase
system and production of 5(S)-, 8(S)-, 12(S)-, and 15(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids via
the lipoxygenase pathway from arachidonic acid were reduced in colonic mucosa and
tumors of animals fed the curcumin diet as compared to control diet. Although the precise
mechanism by which curcumin inhibits colon tumorigenesis remains to be elucidated, it is
likely that the chernopreventive action, at least in part, may be related to the modulation of
arachidonic add metabolism.

41

BIOCELL 2007,31(3):391-396

Decrease of intestinal tumors induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine in rats fed


with cow milk and buffalo milk
M. SNCHEZ NEGRETTE, M.A. MONTENEGRO, M.S. CATUOGNO, W.J. LRTORA,
AND M.C. GUANZIROLI

Ctedra Patologa General y Sistemtica. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNNE.


Argentina.
ABSTRACT:
Epidemiological studies in human beings and experimental studies in laboratory animals
suggest that milk and dairy products can inhibit effects on the development of some kinds of
tumors. Cow milk contains sphingomyelin, butyric acid, conjugated linoleic acid, calcium,
vitamin A, carotene and vitamin D. All of these components are known to inhibit the process
of carcinogenesis. Our objective was to determine the effect of cow milk and water buffalo
milk on the development of colon neoplasias in an experimental model of carcinogenesis in
rats induced with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH). Three-month-old Wistar male rats with an
average body weight of 180 g were given a nutritionally adequate diet and drinking water
ad-livitum, cow milk or water buffalo milk. The milk diets were provided two weeks before
the first DMH treatment and their administration was continued during the 10 weeks of
DMH treatment. Milk administration finished two weeks after the last DMH doses
treatment. Four months after the last carcinogen injection, all surviving animals were
sacrificed and examined for intestinal tumors. The number, size, and location of the tumors
were recorded and gross pathology was described. Small tumors (< 2.5 mm) were examined
by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Significantly fewer tumors were observed in both
groups treated with DMH and supplemented with milk, than in the group treated with DMH
without milk administration.
Key words: intestinal cancer, milk, cow milk, buffalo milk, DMH, rats

42

J Biochem Tech (2010) 2(2):161-167

Effect of ginger on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in 1,2dimethyl hydrazine induced experimental colon carcinogenesis
V Manju*, N Nalini
Received: 11 January 2010/ Received in revised form: 18 March 2010, Accepted: 19 March
2010, Published online: 07 July 2010 Sevas Educational Society 2008
*Department of Biochemistry, Periyar University, Salem- 11,Tamilnadu, India. Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, AnnamalaiUniversity,Annamalainagar-608002,
Tamilnadu, India
Abstract
The prevalence of colon cancer has rapidly risen during the last decade. In this study we
have evaluated the chemopreventive efficacy of ginger in 1,2-dimethyl hydrazine (DMH)
induced colon carcinogenesis. Rats were given a weekly subcutaneous injection of DMH at
a dose of 20mg/kg body weight for 15 weeks. Ginger (50mg/kg body weight/day) was given
at the initiation and also at the post-initiation stages of carcinogenesis to DMH treated rats
every day. The animals were sacrificed at the end of 30 weeks. Colon cancer incidence was
100% in DMH treated rats. The incidence of cancer as well as the number of tumours in the
colon was significantly reduced on supplementing ginger to DMH treated rats. The levels of
lipid peroxidation and the activities of the enzymic antioxidants such as superoxide
dismutase and catalase in the colon and intestines were significantly decreased whereas the
activities of glutathione and its dependent enzymes such as, glutathione peroxidase,
glutathione-S- transferase and glutathione reductase and the levels of non-enzymic
antioxidants such as vitamin C and vitamin E were significantly elevated in DMH treated
rats as compared to control animals. Ginger supplementation to DMH treated rats inhibited
colon carcinogenesis, as evidenced by the significantly decreased number and incidence of
tumours. In addition ginger optimized tissue lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in
DMH treated rats.
Keywords:
Antioxidants, 1, 2-dimethyl hydrazine, ginger, lipid peroxidation

43

European Journal of Pharmacology 654 (2011) 75-79

Effect of kaempferol on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status


in1,2-dimethyl hydrazine induced colorectal carcinoma in rats
Parthasarathy Nirmalaa, ,Manickam Ramanathanb
aDivision of Pharmacology, Rajah Muthiah Medical College, Annamalai
university, India
bVice-chancellor, Annamalai University, India

Abstract
Colorectal cancer, a common cause of cancer related deaths in both sexes in western
population is often due to persistent oxidative stress leading to DNA damage. Antioxidants
scavenge free radicals and inhibit neoplastic process. Kaempferol, a avonol widely
distributed in tea, broccoli, grapefruit, brussel sprouts and apple and is claimed to have
chemopreventive action in colon cancer. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of
kaempferol on tissue lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in 1,2-dimethyl hydrazine
induced colorectal cancer in male wistar rats and to compare its efcacy with irinotecan.
Experimental colon cancer induced by 1,2-dimethyl hydrazine in rats mimic humancolon
cancer and therefore is an ideal model for chemoprevention studies. The rats were divided
into six groups. Group 1 served as control. Group2 received 1,2-dimethyl hydrazine
(20mg/kg body weight) subcutaneously once a week for four weeks. Group3 received
irinotecan (100mg/kg body weight) intravenously once a week for four weeks with 1,2dimethyl hydrazine. Groups 4 to 6 were given a daily oral dose of 50, 100, 200mg/kg body
weight of kaempferol with 1,2-dimethyl hydrazine. The total study period was 16weeks.
Kaempferol supplementation lowered 1,2-dimethyl hydrazine induced erythrocyte lysate
and liver thiobarbituric acid reactive substances leveland rejuvenated antioxidant enzymes
catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. The recovery of enzyme status
was maximum at the dose of 200mg/kg body weight and was comparable to irinotecan.
Our study reveals that kaempferol could be safely used as a chemopreventive agent in
colorectal cancer.
Keywords: Antioxidantenzyme, Colorectalcancer, 1,2-dimethyl hydrazine Irinotecan
Lipid peroxidation, Kaempferol

44

J Korean Med Sci 2001; 16(Suppl.): S75-80

Inhibition by Ginseng of Colon Carcinogenesis in Rats


Shoji Fukushima*, Hideki Wanibuchi, Wei Li
Department of Pathology, Osaka City University Medical School, Osaka, Japan
ABSTRACT
The inhibitory effects of ginseng on the development of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)induced aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in the colon were investigated in rats. Male, 6-week-old
rats were injected with DMH once a week for 4 weeks. Rats in Groups 1 and 2 were fed
diets containing red and white ginseng, respectively, at a dose of 1% for 5 weeks, starting
one week before the first treatment of DMH. Animals in Groups 3 and 4 received red or
white ginseng for 8 weeks starting after DMH treatment. Group 5 served as a carcinogen
control group. Numbers of ACF with at least four crypts were significantly reduced in the
colon of Group 2 treated with red ginseng combined with DMH. Moreover, rats were
injected with DMH 4 times at one-week intervals. They were also fed diets containing 1%
red or white ginseng or the control diet throughout 30 days of the experiment. Treatment
with red ginseng resulted in a significant decrease of 5- bromo-2-deoxyuridine labelling
indices in colonic crypts comprising ACF. These findings suggest that dietary administration
of red ginseng in combination with DMH suppresses colon carcinogenesis in rats, and the
inhibition may be associated, in part, with inhibition of cell proliferation, acting on ACF in
the colonic mucosa.
Key Words : Ginseng; 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine; Rat Colon Carcinogenesis; Aberrant Crypt
Foci

45

Journal of Cereal Science 53 (2011) 73-77

Inhibitory effect of whole oat on aberrant crypt foci formation and colon
tumor growth in ICR and BALB/c mice
Hsueh-Chun Wang a, Chia-Hung Hung b, Jeng-Dong Hsu c, Mon-Yuan Yang b,
Shing-Jung Wang d, Chau-Jong Wang b,e,*
A. Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, National Health Research
Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
B. Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110,
Sec. 1, Chien-Kauo N. Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan
C. Department of Pathology, Chung Shan Medical University and Hospital, Taichung,
Taiwan
D. Director of Research and Development Division, STANDARD Foods Co., Taiwan
E. Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung,
Taiwan
ABSTRACT
Recently, the incidence of colon cancer has been rapidly increasing in previously lowrisk countries other than the Western world. Since dietary factors are thought to be key
components involved in high risk colon cancer, the current trend for colon cancer prevention
is toward dietary intervention. To explore if whole oat functions as a chemoprevention
agent, an inammation-related mouse colon cancer model, initiated with 1, 2dimethylhydrazine(DMH), followed by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS), was performed to
evaluate the preventive effect of whole oat containing diets. The result indicated middle and
high dose whole oat diets signicantly reduced the number of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) as
well as colon tumors. Further, human colon carcinoma cells were subcutaneously inoculated
into BALB/cAnNg-Foxn1 nude mice to measure the growth inhibition on whole oat diets.
Low, middle and high dose whole oat diets signicantly decreased the tumor volumes by
13%, 17% and 43%, respectively, indicating a dose dependent inhibitory effect. Meanwhile,
38% and 54% reductions in tumor weights were observed in middle and high dose whole oat
diets. Together, the evidence suggests whole oat helps protect against colon cancer
development and could be a good chemoprevention agent taken as a daily supplement.
Keywords: Aberrant crypt foci Colon cancer Whole oat

46

CANCER RESEARCH 50,5084-5087, August 15,1990

Chemoprevention of 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine-induced Colon Cancer in


Mice by Naturally Occurring Organosulfur Compounds
Hiromichi Sumiyoshi and Michael J. Wargovich2
Section of Gastrointestinal Oncology and Digestive Diseases, Department of Medical
Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
ABSTRACT
Organosulfur compounds (OSCs) present in garlic and onion oil have been shown to inhibit
chemical carcinogenesis. In this study, we compared the chemopreventive efficacy of five
lipid- and four water-soluble OSCs using the murine nuclear aberration assay.
Administration of diallyl sulfide and 5-allyl cysteine p.o. at a dose of 200 mg/kg 3 h prior to
i.p. 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMII) injection (20 mg/kg) significantly inhibited colonic
nuclear damage in female C57B1/6J mice by 47% and 36%, respectively. The inhibitory
effect of .S-allyl cysteine was found to be dose dependent. The other OSCs did not affect the
level of DMH-induced nuclear toxicity. Furthermore, the incidence and frequency of colonic
tumors induced by DMI I (20 mg/kg, 10 weekly i.p. injections) in female CF-1 mice were
significantly inhibited by 5-allyl cysteine pre-treatment, given 3 h prior to each carcinogen
injection. These data indicate that the ally! group coupled to a single sulfur atom might play
an important structural role in inhibition of DMH-induced colonic nuclear toxicity and
carcinogenesis. OSCs containing allyl groups stimulated glutathione S- transferase activity
in both the liver and colon. However, their saturated analogues stimulated little or no hepatic
and colonic glutathione .V- transferase activity. Induction of hepatic and colonic glutathione
S- transferase might assist in detoxification of carcinogens and could be necessary for some
aspects of chemoprevention.

47

Cell Bichem Funct (in press) DIO: 10.1027/cbf.1305

Protective role of luteolin in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine induced experimental


colon carcinogenesis
V. Manju and N. Nalini*
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar
608002, Tamilnadu, India
ABSTRACT
The aim of the present study was to unravel the chemopreventive effect of luteolin on
bacterial enzymes such as -glucuronidase and mucinase in a colon carcinogenesis model
induced by 1, 2dimethyl hydrazine (DMH). Twenty mg/kg body weight of DMH were
administered subcutaneously once a week for the rst 15 weeks and then discontinued.
Luteolin (0.1, 0.2, or 0.3mg/kg body weight/everyday (p.o.) was administered in a dose
dependent manner at the initiation and also at the post-initiation stages of carcinogenesis to
DMH treated rats. The animals were sacriced at the end of 30 weeks. Colon cancer
incidence and the activities of bacterial enzymes -glucuronidase (in the proximal colon,
distal colon, intestines, liver and colon contents) and mucinase (colon and fecal contents)
were signicantly increased in DMH -treated rats com- pared to the control rats. On luteolin
administration, colon cancer incidence, number of tumors per rat and the activities of glucuronidase and mucinase, were signicantly decreased both in the initiation and postinitiation stages of colon carcino- genesis dependent on the three different doses given. The
increase in -glucuronidase activity may augment the hydrolysis of glucuronide conjugates,
liberating toxins, while the increase in the mucinase activity may enhance the hydrolysis of
the protective mucins in the colon. Thus our results demonstrate for the rst time that
luteolin, a dietary avonoid, exerts chemopreventive and anticarcinogenic effects against
DMH induced colon cancer. Copyright # 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
key wordscolon cancer; dimethylhydrazine; luteolin; -glucuronidase; mucinase

48

CANCER RESERCH 43,4057-4061,September 1983

Enhancement of Rat Colon Carcinogenesis by Wheat Bran Consumption


during the Stage of 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine Administration
Lucien R. Jacobs
Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616
ABSTRACT
The effect on intestinal carcinogenesis of feeding a 20% wheat bran dietary supplement,
either during and/or after the stage of carcinogen administration with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine,
was examined in 48 male Sprague-Dawley rats fed defined diets for 31 weeks. Nutrient
intake and body weight gain were equivalent in all groups of animals. In the rats fed bran
during carcinogen administration, tumor yield was significantly greater. Benign and
malignant tumors increased by 3.4-fold (p < 0.005), adenomas by 3.5-fold (p < 0.025), and
adenocarcinomas by 3.25-fold (p < 0.05) over the yield found in the group fed a fiber-free
diet. Consumption of wheat bran, after completion of carcinogen exposure, reduced the yield
of benign adenomas by 71.4% when compared with the group fed the fiber-free diet (p <
0.025). Those rats fed a wheat bran supplement during carcinogen administration and then
switched to a fiber-free diet afterwards had the highest tumor yield, 4.5 times as many
benign and malignant tumors as in those rats consistently fed the fiber-free diet (p < 0.05)
and at least 6 times as many adenomas as any of the other dietary groups (p < 0.05). These
results demonstrate that dietary wheat bran, a fiber which produces a hyperproliferative
response in the colon, significantly increases colon carcinogenesis when fed to rats during
the stage of carcinogen administration. This effect appears to be further enhanced when the
wheat bran is totally removed from the diet following the stage of carcinogen administration.
These data indicate that the hyperproliferative effects of wheat bran appear to outweigh any
preventive actions that bran may have on colon carcinogenesis by altering the bulk of
intestinal contents and their transit time through the bowel.

49

50

III. PUBLISHED
REVIEW ARTICLES

51

International Journal of Cow Science, 1(2):1-25

ANTI-CANCER ACTIVITY OF COW URINE: CURRENT STATUS


AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
K. DHAMA1, R.S. CHAUHAN2 AND LOKESH SINGHAL2
Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar (U.P.)- 243 122, INDIA
Abstract
Cow urine has a unique place in Ayurveda and has been described in Sushrita Samhita and Ashtanga
Sangraha to be the most effective substance/secretion of animal origin with innumerable therapeutic values. It
has been recognized as water of life or Amrita (beverages of immortality), the nector of the God. In India,
drinking of cow urine has been practiced for thousands of years. It is an important ingredient of panchgavya, a
term used to describe five major substances (urine, milk, ghee, curd and dung), obtained from cow. All the five
products possess medicinal properties, and are used singly or in combination with some other herbs against
many diseases, even those not curable by allopathic treatments. This kind of alternative treatment, termed as
panchgavya therapy or cowpathy, has been reported to be beneficial even for dreaded diseases like cancer,
AIDS and diabetes. Practitioners of Ayurvedic medicine from India routinely use cow urine as a remedy and
the medicines made from it are used to cure several diseases. Improvements have been shown or reported with
those suffering from flu, allergies, colds, rheumatoid arthritis, bacterial/viral infections, tuberculosis, chicken
pox, hepatitis, leucorrhoea, leprosy, ulcer, heart disease, asthma, skin infections, aging, chemical intoxication
etc. Cow urine can kill the number of drug resistant bacteria and viruses. Recently the cow urine has been
granted U.S. Patents (No. 6896907 and 6,410,059) for its medicinal properties, particularly for its use along
with antibiotics for the control of bacterial infection and fight against cancers. Through extensive research
studies a cow urine distillate fraction, popularly known as ark, has been identified as a bioenhancer of the
activities of commonly used antibiotics, anti- fungal and anti-cancer drugs. Thus it can promote and augment
the bioactivity or bioavailability or the uptake of drugs in combination therapy and reduce the dose and
duration of treatment. These milestone achievements highlight the beneficial role of cow urine in treating
bacterial infections and cancers and that cow urine enhances the efficacy and potency of therapeutic drugs.
During the past few years cow urine therapy has provided promising and authentic results for the treatment of
cancer, a deadly malady which is being faced by the mankind and the incidences of which are ever increasing
in the current scenario of changed lifestyle and food habits along with exposure to predisposing factors of
carcinogens such as tobacco chewing, smoking, alcohol intake, environmental pollutants, occupational health
hazards etc. Anti-cancer potential of cow urine therapy has been reflected by several case reports, success
stories and practical feedback of patients for the treatment of cancer. Cow urine enhances the
immunocompetence and improves general health of an individual; prevent the free radicals formation and act
as anti-aging factor; reduces apoptosis in lymphocytes and helps them to survive; and efficiently repairs the
damaged DNA, thus is effective for the cancer therapy. Experimentally it has been proved that among all sorts
of urines, the urine of the Indian cows is most effective. Seeing the potential use of indigenous cow urine in
several ailments including even the cancer, the use of Gomutra (cow urine) of indigenous breeds of cattle
should be promoted extensively. However, scientific validation of cow urine therapy is required for its
worldwide acceptance and popularity. This review highlights the anti-cancer activity of cow urine and the
strategies for promoting its vital medicinal potential and prospectives for the benefit of mankind with the view
that cow urine therapy needs immediate attention, promotion, and wide popularity and proper support of the
scientists, researchers and clinicians to strengthen this alternate low cost therapy having no side effects, as
generally observed with chemotherapy and radiation therapy being followed for curing cancers, and thus
inspire confidence in the public about its good virtues.
Key words: Cow urine, cancer, tumor, cowpathy, panchgavya, treatment

52

JOP.J Pancreas (online) 2008; 9(4): 403-407

Is there a Role for Herbal Medicine in the Treatment of Pancreatic


Cancer?
Highlights from the 44th ASCO Annual Meeting. Chicago, IL, USA. May 30 - June 3,
2008
Muhammad Wasif Saif
Medical Oncology, Yale University School of Medicine. New Haven, CT, USA
Summary
One of the greatest challenges in the treatment of pancreatic cancer remains its inherent lack
of beneficial response to cytotoxic chemotherapy. According to the encyclopedic knowledge
on herbal medicine regimen and clinical experience accumulated for centuries, traditional
Chinese medicine can provide new avenues for alternative treatments of pancreatic diseases.
Chinese herbal extracts have been widely used for the treatment of various cancers, but
objective information on their efficacy in pancreatic cancer is lacking. This article provides a
summary of herbal medicine, presented at the Annual Meeting of ASCO, 2008. The clinical
applications of these active compounds warrant further investigation in randomized,
controlled clinical trials.
Keywords
Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; capecitabine; Curcumin; Drugs, Chinese Herbal;
Medicine, Chinese Traditional; NF-kappa B; Pancreas; Pancreatic Neoplasms; PHY 906

53

Pharmacological Reserch 59(2009)365-378

Natural compounds for cancer treatment and prevention


Stefania Nobili a, Donatella Lippi b, Ewa Witort c,d,, Martino Donnini c,d,e, Letizia
Bausi c, Enrico Mini a,, Sergio Capaccioli c,d,e
a Department of Pharmacology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
b Department of Anatomy, Histology and Forensic Medicine, University of Florence,
Florence, Italy
c Department of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence,
Italy
d Apoptosis Deregulation in Cancer Unit of Istituto Toscano Tumori (ITT), Florence,
Italy e Phoenix Stem Cell Foundation for Human Life (ONLUS), Florence, Italy
Abstract
We describe here the main natural compounds used in cancer therapy and prevention, the
historical aspects of their application and pharmacognosy. Two major applications of these
compounds are described: as cancer therapeutics and as chemopreventive compounds. Both
natural compounds, extracted from plants or animals or produced by microbes (antibiotics),
and synthetic compounds, derived from natural prototype structures, are being used. We also
focus on the molecular aspects of interactions with their recognized cellular targets, from
DNA to microtubules. Some critical aspects of current cancer chemotherapy are also
discussed, focusing on genetics and genomics, and the recent revolutionary theory of cancer:
aneuploidy as the primum movens of cancer.
Keywords:
Cancer, Natural compounds, Cancer therapy, Cancer chemoprevention

54

International Journal of PharmTech Research Vol.4.No.3,pp 1142-1153

Natural Herbs as Anticancer Drugs


Nidhi Agarwal1*,Chandana Majee1 ,G. S. Chakraborthy1
1Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Noida Institute of Engineering &Technology,
19, Knowledge Park-II, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh-201 306, India *Corres Author:
nidhinov07@gmail.com Phone No: +919411824781
Abstract:
This article has been made to review some medicinal plants used for the treating cancer
disease . The plant sources of India are likely to provide effective anticancer agents. Herbs
have a vital role in the prevention and treatment of cancer. Examples are provided in this
review of promising bioactive compounds obtained from various plants with medicinal and
other therapeutic uses. The photochemical exploration of these herbs has contributed to
some extent in this race for the discovery of new anticancer drugs. In recent years owing to
the fear of side effects people prefer to use of natural plant products for cancer treatment.
This review also helps to summarize the diverse methodologies and various ways to evaluate
the potential natural compounds having anticancer activity. Although drug discovery from
medicinal plants continues to provide an important source of new drug leads, numerous
challenges are encountered including the procurement of plant materials and their selection.
Keywords:
Medicinal plants, Anticancer agents, Bioactive compounds.

55

Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies Year: 2013, Volume:1, Issue:3

Traditionally Used Anticancer Herbs In India


M. Umadevi1, K.P.Sampath Kumar2, Debjit Bhowmik3*, S. Duraivel4
1. Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India.
2. Coimbatore medical college, Coimbatore, India.
3. Karpagam University, Coimbatore, India. [E-mail: debjit_cr@yahoo.com]
4. Nimra Pharmacy College,Vijayawada, India.
Abstract:
India is the largest producer of medicinal plants and is rightly called the "Botanical garden
of the World". The medicinal plants, besides having natural therapeutic values against
various diseases, also provide high quality of food and raw materials for livelihood.
Considerable works have been done on these plants to treat cancer, and some plant products
have been marketed as anticancer drugs, based on the traditional uses and scientific reports.
These plants may promote host resistance against infection by re-stabilizing body
equilibrium and conditioning the body tissues. Several reports describe that the anticancer
activity of medicinal plants is due to the presence of antioxidants in them. In fact, the
medicinal plants are easily available, cheaper and possess no toxicity as compared to the
modern (allopathic) drugs. Thus, the various combinations of the active components of these
plants after isolation and identification can be made and have to be further assessed for their
synergistic effects. Preparation of standardized dose and dosage regimen may play a critical
role in the remedy of cancer. The rate with which cancer is progressing, it seems to have an
urgent and effective effort for making good health of humans as well as animals. There is a
broad scope to derive the potent anticancer agents from medicinal plants, which need
thorough research.
Keyword: Wound healing, Wounds, Burns, Indian Medicinal Plants, Ayurveda.

56

The Pharma Innovation Journal 2014; 3(7):60-66

A review of traditional anticancer nano-medicine: Triphala


Amit Kumar
Regional Drugs Testing Laboratory,
Government of India, Ministry of
Health and Family Welfare, Sec-39C, Chandigarh-160036, India

Abstract
Ayurveda, the science of life, prevention and longevity is the oldest and most holistic
medical system available. In the last few years there has been an exponential growth in the
field of herbal medicine and these drugs are gaining popularity both in developing and
developed countries because of their natural origin and less side effects. Many traditional
medicines in use are derived from medicinal plants, minerals and organic matter .The World
Health Organization (WHO) has listed 21,000 plants, which are used for medicinal purposes
around the world. It has recently come to the attention of western medical researchers
seeking novel therapeutic compounds. The present study was performed to evaluate, the
anti- cancer herbal drug (Triphala) preparations. The screening a number of traditional
Vedic formulas scientists discovered that one of the most revered of all Ayurvedic
combination - Triphala (Harad, Bahada & Amala) in different ratios exhibits a number of
health benefits, including: Anti-cancerous, Antipyretic, Antiulcer, Antidiabetic etc.
activities.
Keywords: Triphala, Anti-cancer, Antiulcer, Anti-diabetic etc.

57

Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, November 2009,Vol.7,No.11

Ayurvedic medicines in treatment of cancer


Sunyana JAIN1, Vikrant GILL2, Neeru VASUDEVA3, Neelam SINGLA1

1.

2.

3.

Department of Pharmacy, Advance Institute of Technology, DehliMathura


Road. Dist. Palwal 121102 , Haryana ,India
Ranbaxy Laboratories Ltd , Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetic
Department , Gurgaon 122001 , Haryana, India
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Guru Jambheshwar University of
Science and Technology , Hissar 125001,Haryana ,India

Abstract
Cancer is one of the dreadful diseases of 20th century and moving vastly towards 21st
century. According to the studies, worldwide about 6 million new incidences are
reported every year[1]. It is the second major cause of death after cardiovascular
diseases2. Lung, colon, prostate and breast cancer account for more than half of the
cancer deaths3. Nature has given us a variety of useful medications to cure number of
diseases. The role of natural products as a source of remedies for diseases can be
dated back to 1500 BC4. It has been estimated that 60 % of the approved drugs used
for treating cancer are derived from natural sources5, 6. After long folk practices,
many Indian medicines have been screened and they are used for treating and
preventing various chronic disorders like cardiovascular diseases and cancers7.
Ayurvedic therapies were found to be able to cure these chronic diseases better,
which were previously not amenable to Western medical practices8. Traditional
Indian medicine with its evolution through centuries has always fascinated
practitioners and researchers for its applications in cancer treatment on a scientifically
proven research background. Ayurvedic system of medicine was well founded on
the basic principles of nature and its elements after a careful and thorough
study of human physiology. This is the first system to emphasize health as the
perfect state of physical, psychological, social and spiritual component of a
human being9. Herbal decoctions consisting of multiple herbs each possessing
tremendous potential for a cancer cure are commonly used in Ayurveda. The
benefit of a herbal decoction is that it can nourish the body as a whole by
supporting various organ systems10. The aim of this article was to provide a
general outline on descriptions of cancers and their management from an
Ayurvedic practitioners perspective underlying its scientific principles involved
in treating these conditions with the use of natural products. This review article
was derived from previous scientific works, ancient books and interview
conducted with Ayurvedic practitioners in Haryana, India.
Keywords: medicine, Ayurvedic; neoplasma; phytotherapy

58

International Journal of Experimental Pharmacology Vol.3|Issue 2|2014|47-51

CANCER AN INTEGRATIVE APPROACH BY AYURVEDA


Kulkarni Anand R1*, Reddy RG2, Marlewar SS3, Wadikar SS1, Jangle VM1, Kulkarni
Amruta P4
1

Sr.Consultant, R.O Scientist-3 I/C 2, R.O 3, RRA Podar Ayurved Cancer Research Institute,
Mumbai, India. 4Consulting Ayurveda Physician, Thane, Mumbai, India.
ABSTRACT
Cancer is one of the most dreadful disease of the 20th century and spreading further with
continuous and increasing incidence in 21st century. An integrated approach is needed to
manage cancer. An alternative solution to western medicine embodied with severe side
effects is the use of Ayurvedic preparations to arrest the insidious nature of the disease.
Ayurveda, a science of long life, almost 6000 years old, can serve as a goldmine for novel
drugs used for centuries to treat chronic diseases. Thousands of ayurvedic preparations are
being screened worldwide to validate their use as anti-cancerous drugs. Hence, the broad
aim of this article is to provide a general outline on description of cancers causes,
pathogenesis and therapeutic management from an ayurvedic perspective underlying its
scientific principles involved in treating these conditions with the use of natural products.
Keywords: Cancer, Ayurveda, Etiology, Pathogenesis, Treatment of Cancer.

59

Pharmacological Research 51 (2005) 19-30

Canceran ayurvedic perspective


Premalatha Balachandrana,, Rajgopal Govindarajanb
a National Center for Natural Products Research, Department of Pharmacognosy, University
of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA
b Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical
Center, Omaha, NE 68198-4525, USA
Accepted 23 April 2004
Abstract
An integrated approach is needed to manage cancer using the growing body of knowledge
gained through scientic developments. Thousands of herbal and traditional compounds are
being screened worldwide to validate their use as anti-cancerous drugs. The science of
Ayurveda is supposed to add a step on to the curative aspects of cancers that have
resemblance with clinical entities of arbuda and granthi mentioned in Sushrutha samhita.
Hence, an attempt is made in this review to discuss about the pathology and therapeutic
management of various cancers described in Ayurveda. Review of literature on anticancer
drugs of plant origin revealed identication of newer ayurvedic drugs that are not mentioned
in the ancient texts. These new ndings add up to ayurvedic science that has been developed
through ages. In addition, details of experimental and clinical studies conducted on single
and compound ayurvedic preparations for their anticancer efcacy strongly emphasize
ayurvedic therapy as a scientically driven one and not simply unconventional. 2004
Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Cancer; Ayurveda; Treatment; Medicine; Herbal

60

IJARPB,2012;Vol.2(2):179-195

Cancer an Ayurvedic Perspective


Dipal Patel1*, Ahamed Noor Mansoori2
Department of Pharmacology 1B. N. Girls College of Pharmacy, Udaipur, 313001,(Raj.)
2Jaipur College of Pharmacy, Jaipur, 302022,(Raj.)
Corresponding Author: Dipal Patel1*
Department of Pharmacology
B. N. Girls College of Pharmacy, Udaipur, 313001. (Raj.)
Email:dipalpatel786@gmail.com
Abstract
An integrated approach is needed to manage cancer using the growing body of knowledge
gained through scientific developments. Thousands of herbal and traditional compounds are
being screened worldwide to validate their use as anti-cancerous drugs. The science of
Ayurveda is supposed to add a step on to the curative aspects of cancers that have
resemblance with clinical entities of arbuda and granthi mentioned in Sushrutha samhita.
Hence, an attempt is made in this review to discuss about the pathology and therapeutic
management of various cancers described in Ayurveda. Review of literature on anticancer
drugs of plant origin revealed identification of newer ayurvedic drugs that are not mentioned
in the ancient texts.
KEY WORDS: Charaka, Sushruta, samhitas, Pathogenesis of tumors.

Asian Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Volume 2,Issue 10, 2012

Medicinal Plants of Asian Origin Having Anticancer Potential: Short


Review
Sushma Kainsa*1, Praveen Kumar2, Poonam Rani3
1PhD- Research scholar, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana, Haryana, India
2Field officer, Indian Farmers Fertilizers Cooperative Limited, Ambala city, Haryana, India
3M.Sc. Student, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamilnadu, India.
ABSTRACT
Cancer is a major public health burden in both developed and developing countries. It is the
second largest common disease spread world-wide. Traditional medicines or herbal
formulations can serve as the source of potential new drugs, so that initial research focuses on
the active constituent of the plants. The development of novel plant derived natural products
and their analogs for anticancer activity are going day by day. A number of promising agents
of medicinal plants are used in clinical and preclinical development. Several anticancer agents
including taxol, vinblastine, vincristine, camptothecin derivatives, topotecan and irinotecan,
etoposide etc. derived from plants are in clinical use all over world.
KEYWORDS: Cancer, vinblastine, camptothecin derivatives, anticancer, Allium sativum

61

IJPSDR April-June,2012, Vol 4, Issue 2 (97-104)

Therapeutic Potential of Ocimum sanctum in Prevention and Treatment of


Cancer and Exposure to Radiation: An Overview
N. Singh*, P. Verma, B. R. Pandey, M. Bhalla
International Institute of Herbal Medicine (IIHM), Gomtinagar, Lucknow- 226 010, Uttar
Pradesh, India
ABSTRACT
Extensive studies, experimental and clinical prove that Tulsi possess anti-stress/adatogenic,
antioxidant, immunomodulator and anti-radiation properties which also may help it to play
major role in prevention and treatment of cancer. As Tulsi has health benefitting effects by
reducing stress and improving both cellular and humoral immunity, its role in prevention and
treatment of cancer cases may be a new approach in therapy of cancer and in prevention of ill
effects of radiation. Studies in biological models like fibrosarcoma cell culture, papilomas in
the skin of albino mice, mice having sarcoma - 180 solid tumors etc. provide proof for its
anticancer activity. As it has been shown that Tulsi exhibit anticancer activity in animal
models, studies were carried out in human cancer in vivo like human cell fibrosarcoma and in
vitro in human cervical cancer cell line (HeLa) and human laryngeal epithelial carcinoma cell
line (HEp-2) and it was found effective. Thus, this review is a concise version of Tulsis anticancer effect. The aim is to stimulate research in this field, prevent and treat human carcinoma
by initiating detailed studies in this field. It will be a novel agent, safe and effective for
humans suffering with cancer in general and as a specific agent. The research work which is
going on this direction is a proof of benefits by reducing toxicity of chemo and radio therapies
and providing better and healthier life style by Tulsi. Therefore, it was worthwhile to review
its anticancer properties to give an overview of its status to scientist both modern and ancient
(Ayurvedic).
Keywords: Ocimum sanctum, chemical constituents, anticancer, adaptogen/ antistress,
antioxidant, anti-radiation, immunomodulator.

62

Expert Opin.Ther.Targets (2006) 10(1)

From traditional Ayurvedic medicine to modern medicine: identification of


therapeutic targets for suppression of inflammation and cancer
Bharat B Aggarwal, Haruyo Ichikawa, Prachi Garodia, Priya Weerasinghe, Gautam
Sethi, Indra D Bhatt, Manoj K Pandey, Shishir Shishodia & Muraleedharan G Nair
The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Cytokine Research Laboratory,
Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Box 143, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston,
Texas 77030, USA.
ABSTRACT
Cancer is a hyper proliferative disorder that involves transformation, dysregulation of
apoptosis, proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis. Extensive research during the
last 30 years has revealed much about the biology of cancer. Drugs used to treat most cancers
are those that can block cell signalling, including growth factor signalling (e.g., epidermal
growth factor); prostaglandin production (e.g., COX-2); inflammation (e.g., inflammatory
cytokines: NF-B, TNF, IL-1, IL-6, chemokines); drug resistance gene products (e.g., multidrug resistance); cell cycle proteins (e.g., cyclin D1 and cyclin E); angiogenesis (e.g., vascular
endothelial growth factor); invasion (e.g., matrix metalloproteinases); antiapoptosis (e.g., bcl2, bcl-XL, XIAP, survivin, FLIP); and cellular proliferation (e.g., c-myc, AP-1, growth
factors). Numerous reports have suggested that Ayurvedic plants and their components
mediate their effects by modulating several of these recently identified therapeutic targets.
However, Ayurvedic medicine requires rediscovery in light of our cur- rent knowledge of
allopathic (modern) medicine. The focus of this review is to elucidate the Ayurvedic concept
of cancer, including its classification, causes, pathogenesis and prevention; surgical removal
of tumours; herbal remedies; dietary modifications; and spiritual treatments.
Keywords: apoptosis, Ayurvedic medicine, cancer, inflammation, metastasis

63

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