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PERIOD1(1491~1607):OnaNorthAmericancontinentcontrolledbyAmericanIndians,contactamongthepeoples
ofEurope,theAmericas,andWestAfricacreatedanewworld.

KeyConcept1.1:BeforethearrivalofEuropeans,nativepopulationsinNorthAmericadevelopedawidevarietyof
social,political,andeconomicstructuresbasedinpartoninteractionswiththeenvironmentandeachother.

Key.Concept1.2:EuropeanoverseasexpansionresultedintheColumbianExchange,aseriesofinteractionsand
adaptationsamongsocietiesacrosstheAtlantic.

KeyConcept1.3:ContactsamongAmericanIndians,Africans,andEuropeanschallengedtheworldviewsofeach
group.

Event/Person/Idea

Definition

ImportancetoUSHistory/ExtraInfo

NativeAmericanLifePreandPost
EuropeanContact

MaizeProduction

Spreadofmaize(corn)cultivation
Pueblo
:NativeAmericansofthe
frompresentdayMexiconorthward presentdaysouthwesternUnited
intotheAmericanSouthwestand
States
beyondsupportedeconomic
developmentandsocial
diversificationamongsocietiesin
theseareas

NortheastandAtlanticTribes

Algonquin
:NativeAmericansfrom
theAtlanticcoasttotheGreatLakes
Iroquois
:NativeAmericansin
presentdaynortheasternUnited
States

Developedpermanenttribes

ColumbianExchange

ChristopherColumbusarrivedin
theNewWorldin1492=>anew
waveofEuropeanexplorers,
conquerors,andsettlersfollowed
Exchangeofpeople,plants,and
animalsbetweenEurope,Africa,and
NorthAmericathatoccurredafter
ColumbussarrivalintheWestern
Hemisphere

NewWorldtoEurope
:syphilis,
potatoes,corn,tomatoes,
pineapple,tobacco,beans,vanilla,
chocolate,turkeys,goldandsilver
EuropetoNewWorld
:smallpox,
measles,bubonicplague,influenza,
typhus,wheat,sugar,ricecoffee,
horses,cows,pigs,sheep,goats,
chickens

EuropeanPatternsof
Conquest/Colonization

BartholomewdelasCasas
:wrote
aboutColumbusandhissuccessors
crueltreatmentofIndians
TreatmentofTordesillas(1494)
:
NewWorlddividedbySpainand
Portugal

FerdinandMagellan
:hisshipwas
thefirsttocircumnavigatetheglobe

SpanishExplorationandConquest

TheNewWorldisasourceof
preciousmetalandreligion

Conquistadores
HernandoCortes
:conquered

conversion
NativeAmericans=peopletobe
convertedtoChristianity
Mestizos
:childrenofmixedwhite
andIndiandescent
Creoles
:AmericanbornSpaniards

AztecsinMesoamerica
FranciscoPizarro
:conqueredIncas
inSouthAmerica
Encomienda
:Indiansworkedfor
ownerforacertainnumberofdays
perweek

BritishExplorationandConquest

TheNewWorldisasourceof
preciousmetalandrawmaterial
Settlercolonies
NativeAmericans=savages

Cameintoexplorationlate
FirstcolonyinVirginia(1607)

FrenchExplorationandConquest

TheNewWorldisasourceforraw
materialslikefur
NativeAmericans=friendsand
tradingpartners

SamueldeChamplain
:founded
moderndayCanadain1608

PortugueseExplorationand
Conquest

PrinceHenrytheNavigator
:
financedexplorationalongWest
Africancoast
BartholomewDiaz
:rounded
southerntipofAfrica

VascodaGama
:roundedsouthof
Africaandfoundallwaterrouteto
India
AmerigoVespucci
:perhapsfirst
Europeantofindanewcontinent

PERIOD2(1607~1754):EuropeansandAmericanIndiansmaneuveredandfoughtfordominance,control,and
securityinNorthAmerica,anddistinctivecoloniesandnativesocietiesemerged.

KeyConcept2.1:Differencesinimperialgoals,cultures,andtheNorthAmericanenvironmentsthatdifferent
empiresconfrontedledEuropeanstodevelopdiversepatternsofcolonization.

Key.Concept2.2:EuropeancolonizationeffortsinNorthAmericastimulatedinterculturalcontactandintensified
conflictbetweenthevariousgroupsofcolonizersandnativepeoples.

KeyConcept2.3:Theincreasingpolitical,economic,andculturalexchangeswithintheAtlanticWorldhada
profoundimpactonthedevelopmentofcolonialsocietiesinNorthAmerica.

Colonies
NewEnglandColonies
:
Massachusetts,Connecticut,Rhode
Island,NewHampshire

MiddleColonies
:NewYork,New
Jersey,Pennsylvania,Delaware

SouthernColonies
:Virginia,
Maryland,NorthCarolina,South
Carolina,Georgia
Chesapeake
:Maryland&Virginia
[Tobacco]

Virginia(1607)

Foundedtogainwealthandexpand
trade
ColonyledbyJohnSmith

HouseofBurgesses
:Government
ofJamestowninwhichmale
representatives(burgesses)were
electedtomakelaws;markedthe
beginningofrepresentative
governmentintheEnglishcolonies

NewYork(1624)

OriginallyfoundedasNew
Netherland(Dutch)
Grewveryslowly:mostDutch
peoplehadnoreasontomigrateto
thecolonybecauseNetherlandswas
prosperousandtolerantofdifferent
religions
Patroons
:wealthyfamilieswere
grantedlargeamountsoflandby
Dutchofficials,promisedtobring50
newsettlerstofarmontheland,
powerful:theyrantheirlarge
estatesastheywishedandcould
chargewhateverrentstheypleased
andpeopleonthelandhadlittle
voiceingovernment

1664:rivalrybetweenEnglandand
Netherlandsfortradeandcolonies
reacheditsheight
NewNetherlandsurrenderedtothe
Britishwithoutfiringashot
RenamedNewYorkinhonorofthe
kingsbrother,the
DukeofYork

Massachusetts(1630)

GreatMigration
:Largestsingle
movementofpeopleinthe17th
century:manyPuritansmovedfrom
England
JohnWinthrop
:colonysfirst
governor
ACityUponaHill
:Puritanshopeof
buildingaChristiansocietythat
wouldbeamodelfortherestofthe
world

PuritanGeneralCourt
:Colonywas
subjecttoEnglishlaws,butcompany
charterprovidedmore
independencethanroyalcharterin
Virginia&politicsandreligiontied
closelytogether(theocracy)

Maryland(1632)

Foundedforreligiousfreedomand
toprofitfromsellingland
FoundedbyEnglishCatholicsasa
proprietarycolony
LordBaltimore
slandplan:
Generouslandplantoattract
settlers(proprietors);settlerswould
receivelandforthemselves+extra
acresforeachchildandeach
servantwiththem
SuccessfulColony
:warmclimate&
goodsoilforfarming,tobaccomost
profitablecrop

ConflictbetweenCatholicsand
Protestants
:AlthoughCatholics
foundedMaryland,Protestants
beganmovingthereinthe1940s
TolerationAct(1649)
:Reduce
tensionsandprotectbothgroups;
guaranteedallChristianstherightto
worshipastheypleased,butdidnot
includetoleranceofotherreligions
(Jewsandatheists)

Connecticut(1636)

ThomasHooker
:leftMassachusetts
Baybecausehebelievedgovernor
andotherofficialshadtoomuch
power;wantedtosetupcolonywith
strictlimitsongovernment

FundamentalOrdersof
Connecticut(1639)
:firstwritten
constitution;gavethevotetoall
menwhowerepropertyownersand
churchmembers;limitedgovernors
power

RhodeIsland(1636)

RogerWilliams
:
separationof
churchandstate
and
religious
tolerance
(wasbanishedin1635)

Freedomofreligionforall
Protestants,Catholics,Jews
AnneHutchinson
:Banishedin
1638;
antinomianism:
individuals

directcommunicationwithGod
throughgrace&dontneeda
ministertointerprettheBible
Delaware(1638)

FoundedasNewSwedenandthen
becameEnglishterritory
LandlockedPennsylvania:Dukeof
YorkgavePennsylvanialandfor
accesstoAtlanticOceanand
shippingtoEngland

Troubleamongsettlers:triedto
unitePennsylvaniawithlower
countriescausedtroubleamongthe
settlers,eventuallycolonybroke
awayandformedDelaware

Carolina(1663)NorthCarolina&
SouthCarolina(1712)

NorthCarolina
:settledmostlyby
peoplefromVirginialookingfornew
farmlandtogrowtobacco;products
tar,pitch(solidifiedsapmakes
shipswaterproof),turpentine,naval
stores

SouthCarolina
:attractedsettlers
fromtheWestIndies,England,and
otherpartsofEurope;indigogrown
andAfricanslavesusedon
plantationstogrowrise

NewJersey(1664)

DividedNewYorksincetheDukeof
Yorkdecideditwastoobigto
govern,sohegavesomeoftheland
tohisfriends
Establishedasaproprietarycolony
(colonyinwhichkinggavelandto
oneormorepeoplewhowerefree
todividethelandandrentitto
others)

Becamearoyalcolonyin1702
(colonyunderthedirectcontrolof
theEnglishking)

NewHampshire(1680)

Pennsylvania(1681)

WilliamPenn
wantedahomefor
hisreligiouscommunitythe
Quakers
ahaven
Waspersecutedbecausetheir
beliefsangeredEnglishauthorities
Equalitybetweenwealthyandpoor
Refusedtotakeoaths
Womenallowedtospeakin
meetinghouses
Opposedwar
Pacifists
Refusedtopaytaxes
Firstgroupagainstslavery

HolyExperiment:
Amodelof
Christianliving,religiousfreedom,
andpeace
Colonygrew:attractedother
settlersincludingGermanfarmers
fleeingreligiouswars
Philadelphia
:capitalcityof
Pennsylvaniagrewquickly

Georgia(1732)

JamesOglethorpe
:Wasgivena
charterby
KingGeorgeII
started
colonytogiveLondonsmen,
women,andchildrenprisoners
(owingdebts)asecondchance

Wantedthecolonytobedifferent:
didntwantGeorgiatohavelarge
plantationsruledbyafewwealthy
individualssoheoutlawedslaveryin
Georgia&limitedthesizeofland
grantsinGeorgia

Event/Person/Idea

Definition

ImportancetoUSHistory/ExtraInfo

BaconsRebellion(1676)

ArmedrebellionbyVirginiasettlers
ledbyNathanielBaconagainstrule
ofGovernor
WilliamBerkeley
who
refusedtogivehimtheauthorityto
raiseamilitiaandattacknative
tribes

KingPhilipsWar(1675~1678)

Metacomet
,leaderof
wampanoag
tribe
Colonistswereattemptingto
convertINdianstoEnglishculture&
religion

Prayingtowns

PuebloRevolt(1680)

UprisingofindigenousPueblo
peopleagainsttheSpanish
colonizers

Encomiendasystemundermined
Pueblostraditionaleconomy

SalemWitchTrials(1692)

SlaveTrade

Easiertocontrolblackslavesthan
NativeAmericans

MiddlePassage

Shippingroutethatbroughtslaves
totheAmericas

Middlelegoftriangulartraderoute
amongthecolonies,Europe,Africa

StonoRebellion(1739)

SlavesinCharleston,SouthCarolina FledtoFloridabutcolonialmilitia
stolegunsandammunition,killed
caughtupwiththem
whitepeople,andliberatedslaves

FirstGreatAwakening

GeorgeWhitefield&JohnEdwards
Religiousrevival:NewLightsvs.Old
Lights(GoodPuritansreadtheBible)
Arousingsermons:repentorgoto
hell
Challengedtradition
1760s:challengedgovernment

Challengedchurch=>government
authority
Morechoicesofreligion
ConvertNativeAmericansand
Blacks
Newcolleges