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1. INTRODUCTION
Since a high-speed catamaran car ferry has a
relatively shallow draft and a large structure above the
water line, a very large wind force and small
hydrodynamic resistance forces from water act on the
structures in air and water when the high-speed
catamaran runs at low speed in strong wind. This may
cause some difficulties for maneuvering in harbor.
Tasumi et al (1999) experimentally investigated
maneuvering performance for a simple catamaran.
In the present study, using a scale-model of a
wavepiercing high-speed catamaran, the coefficients of
wind forces are measured in the towing tank with a wind
generator in Osaka Prefecture University. The drift
resistance coefficient is also obtained by measuring the
drifting speed of the model in wind in the towing tank.
Using the measured wind force coefficients and
drift resistance coefficient, a criterion of wind speed for
the wavepiercing high-speed catamaran sailing at
constant speed in a straight direction is obtained. The
results are compared with those for other kinds of ships,
a PCC and a tanker. The station-keeping performances of
it in wind are also obtained using these experimental
data.
Session A
83
2. 2 DEFINITION OF COEFFICIENTS
The measured longitudinal and transverse forces
and a yaw moment are non-dimensionalized as follows,
FX
CX =
CN
1
a S FU W 2
2
M Z
=
1
a S L LU W
2
CY =
FY
1
a S LU W
2
CX (exp.)
CX
CX (clal.-f)
CX
0.5
30
60
90
120
150
180
-0.5
-1
-1.5
0.8
0.6
generator
Wind
0.4
0.2
WIND
UW (m/s)
0
30
60
90
120
150
180
0.05
0
0
30
60
90
120
150
180
-0.05
-0.1
-0.15
-0.2
(ton)
Wind velocity
10m/s
0
30
55
180
60
150
e
c
r
o
f
d
n
i
W
Session A
CN (exp.)
CN
CN (cal.-f)
CN
0.1
90
120
0
0
90
60
30
n
o
i
t
c
e
r
i
d
d
n
i
W
Fig.3
120
180
150
84
CD
2.5
2
Wind
Wind
generator
1.5
Us
U
WIND
1
0.5
0
Drift resistance
Fig.6
Wind force
30
60
90
120
150
180
ASSESSMENT OF MANUEVERABILITY OF
INCAT 112m WPC IN STRONG WIND
3.1 CRITERIA OF STRAIGHT SAILING IN WIND
The operable criteria of wind speed for Incat 112m
WPC sailing in straight direction at constant speed when
the vessel is encountered by steady wind of speed of Uw
(m/s) is calculated. The ship is assumed to sail at a
constant speed of Us (m/s), in constant drift angle , by a
thrust force of FT and helm angle of of the steering
nozzles of the waterjet propulsions as shown in Fig. 9.
1 W SU S 2 CD
WindforceF
2
US
0.5
UW
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0
30
60
90
120
150
180
Fig.9
Coordinate System
Session A
FT
X H ( ) + X W ( ) + X T ( ) = 0
YH ( ) + YW ( ) + YT ( ) = 0
N H ( ) + N W ( ) + N T ( ) = 0
85
(1)
K(=Uw/Us)
7
=-30(deg.)
=-20(deg.)
=-10(deg.)
6
5
4
K (=Uw/Us)
2
1
X H = W 3 (U S cos ) 2 CT 2
2
1
2
X W = a SWLUW C X
2
X T = FT cos
3
2
1
0
0
{(
1
W S HLU S 2 Y ' 2 + CD sin 2
2
1
2
YW = a SWLUW CY
2
YR = FT sin
YH =
60
90
120
(deg.)
150
180
()
(Following
wind)
1
2
'
N H = W S HL LWLU S N sin 2
2
1
2
NW = a SWL LWLUW C N
2
N R = ( LR ) YR
25
20
=-30
15
10
0
0
30
60
90
120
150
180
Session A
30
()
(Head
wind)
FT (kgf.)
1400
.1200
=-30
1000
800
600
400
200
0
0
30
60
90
120
150
180
Wind
direction
(deg.)
Wind
direction
(deg.)
86
Head wind
112m WPC
K(=Uw/Us)
K (=Uw/Us)
12
Incat1112
112m WPC
Tanker (full load)
PCC (ballast)
10
0
330
(m/s)
90
Thrust 100%
Thrust 80%
Thrust 50%
(deg.)
30
60
300
60
30
270
90
2
0
0
30
60
90
(deg.)
120
150
180
240
210
150
180
Follow wind
Fig.14
Session A
120
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors would like to express their appreciation
to Higashi-nihon Ship management Ltd and INCAT
Tasmania Ltd for their supplying the technical
information on the Incat 112m WPC.
They would like to express their appreciation to
Associate Professor T. Katayama of Osaka Prefecture
Univ. for his help in the experiments.
REFERENCES
1) Tasumi, H.(1999). Maneuverability of a High-Speed
Catamaran Running at Low Speed in Strong Wind,
4th Japan-Korea Joint Workshop on Ship & Marine
87
Hydrodynamics.
2) Fujiwara, T.(2006). Influence of Wave and Wind on
Navigation of PCC, Proc. of PCCPCTC Symposium,
Japan Society of Naval Architects and Ocean
Engineers (Kansai branch)
3) Tanaka, A. et al. (1980). The Ship Maneuverability
in Strong Wind, J. Kansai Society of Naval
Architects of Japan, vol.176
4) Sezaki, Y.(1980). Effect of the Wind Force to the
Speed of a Car Carrier, J. Kansai Society of Naval
Architects of Japan, vol.179
5) Inoue, S. et al. (1972). The Effect of Wind on The
Ship Maneuverability (), J. of West Japan Society
of Naval Architects, vol.45
6) Okada, M.(1998). A Study on Assessment of
Performances of a Fast Ferry., Thesis of
undergraduate research project of Osaka Prefecture
Univ.
Session A
88