HUMAN RESOURCE

INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Basics, Applications, and Future Directions

Michael J. Kavanagh
The University at Albany

Mohan Thite
Griffith University, Australia

USAGE
Los Angeles London New Delhi Singapore Washington DC

Contents

Preface

xvii

PART I: INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN RESOURCE

MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN RESOURCE
INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Chapter I. Evolution of Human Resource Management
and Human Resource Information Systems:
The Role of Information Technology

MOHAN THITE AND MICHAEL J. KAVANAGH

Editors Note
Chapter Objectives
Vignette
Introduction
Historical Evolution of HRM and HRIS
Pre-WorldWarll
Post-World War II (1945-1960)
. Social Issues Era (1963-1980)
Cost-Effectiveness Era (1980 to the Early 1990s)
Technological Advancement Era and Emergence of
Strategic HRM (1990 to Present)
HR Activities
Interface Between HR and Technology
A Primer on HRIS
WhatJs an HRIS?
Why Do We Need HRIS?
Different Types of HRIS
System Development Process for an HRIS
A Model of Organizational Functioning
Central Themes of the Book
Overview and Structure of the Book
Discussion Questions

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Case Study: Position Description and Specification for an HRIS Manager 21

ManagerHRIS
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Case Study Questions
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References
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Chapter 2. Database Concepts and Applications in HRIS

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JANET H. MARLER AND BARRY D. FLOYD

Editors' Note
Chapter Objectives
Introduction
Data, Information, and Knowledge
Database Management Systems
Early DBMS
Relational DBMS
Data Sharing Between Different Functions
Data Sharing Between Different Levels
Data Sharing Across Locations
Key Relational Database Terminology
Entities and Attributes
Tables
Relationships, Primary Keys, and Foreign Keys'
Queries
Forms
Reports
Introduction to MS Access
Designing an MS Access Database
HR Database Application Using MS Access
Other HR Databases
Data Warehouses, Business Intelligence, and Data Mining
Summary
'
Discussion Questions
Case Study
Notes
References

Chapter 3. Systems Considerations in the Design of an HRIS:

Planning for Implementation

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MICHAEL D. BEDELL, MICHAEL CANNIFF, AND CHERYL WYRICK

Editors' Note
Chapter Objectives
Vignette
Introduction
HRIS Customers/Users: Data Importance
Employees
Nonemployees
Important Data

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HRIS Architecture
The HRIS "Dinosaur"
Two-Tier Architecture (Client-Server)
Three-Tier Architecture
N-Tier Architecture With Enterprise Resource Planning
Security
Best of Breed
Recruitment
Time Collection
Payroll
Benefits
System Implementation Process
Planning
Project Manager
Steering Committee/Project Charter
Implementation Team
Project Scope
Management Sponsorship
Process Mapping
Software Implementation
Customization
Change Management
"Go Live/"
Evaluation of Project
Potential Pitfalls
Summary
Discussion Questions
Case Study: Vignette Revisited
New Information for the Case: Part 1
New Information for the Case: Part 2
New Information for the Case: Part 3
New Information for the Case: Part 4
Technical Section
Best-of-Breed Architecture
Alliance Programs
Note
References

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PART II: DETERMINING HRIS NEEDS

Chapter 4. HRIS Needs Analysis

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BRADLEY J. ALGE AND KAREN BRUNER UPRIGHT

Editors' Note
Chapter Objectives
Vignette

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Introduction: HRIS NeedsPlanning and Analysis

System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
Planning
Needs: Long-Range Planning
Needs: Short-Range Planning
The Big 3: The Global Positioning System of HRIS
Analysis
Gap Analysis
Discussion Questions
Case Study: "Planning the Needs of Other Organizations"
Case Study Questions
Note
References
Chapter 5. System Design and Acquisition

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RICHARD D. JOHNSON AND JAMES H. DULEBOHN

Editors' Note
Chapter Objectives
Vignette
Introduction
Design Considerations During the Systems Development Life Cycle
Logical Design
Two Ways to View an HRIS: Data Versus Process
Logical Process Modeling With Data Flow Diagrams
Creating and Using the DFD
Physical Design
Working With Vendors
Vendor Selection
Assessing System Feasibility
Technical Feasibility
Operational Feasibility
Legal and Political Feasibility
Economic Feasibility
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Summary
Discussion Questions
Case Study
Notes
References
Chapter 6. Cost Justifying HRIS Investments

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KEVIN D. CARLSON AND MICHAEL J. KAVANAGH

Editors'Note
Chapter Objectives
Vignette

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Introduction

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Justification Strategies for HRIS Investments

Evolution of HRIS Justification
Approaches to Investment Analyses Makes a Difference:
Some Guidelines
HRIS Cost-Benefit Analysis
Identifying Sources of Value for Benefits and Costs
Estimating the Timing of Benefits and Costs
Estimating the Value of Indirect Benefits
Estimating Indirect Benefit Magnitude
Mapping Indirect Benefits to Revenues and Costs
Methods for Estimating the Value of Indirect Benefits
Avoiding Common Problems
Packaging the Analysis for Decision Makers
The Role of Variance in Estimates
Conclusion
Summary
Discussion Questions
Case Study
Case Study Questions
Notes
,
.
References

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PART III: HRIS IMPLEMENTATION

Chapter 7. Project Management Development and HRIS Acceptance 155
SALVATORE BELARDO, PETER OTTO, AND MICHAEL J. KAVANAGH

Editors'Note
Chapter Objectives
Vignette
Introduction
Project Management
The IT Perspective
PM Literature
PM Approaches and Tools
General IT Factors Affecting PM Success
The HRM Perspective
Identification of the Steering Committee and Project Charter
Configuring the PM Team
Identification of Available Resources and Constraints
Controlling Project Creep
Selection of Implementation Team
Training and Documentation

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Critical Success Factors

Summary
Discussion Questions
Case Study: Implementing an HRIS
Case Study Questions
Note
References

Chapter 8. Change Management: Implementation,

Integration, and Maintenance of the HRIS

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ROMUALD A. STONE AND JOYCE MASON DAVIS

Editors'Note
Chapter Objectives
Vignette
Introduction to the Management of Change
What Is Change Management?
The Change Management Process: Some Terminology
Models of the Change Process
Action-Research Model
Lewin's Change Model
Change Equation Formula
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Nadler's Congruence Model
Kotter's Process of Leading Change
Why Do System Failures Occur?
Leadership
Planning
Change Management
Communication i
Training
j
Organizational and Individual Issues in HRIS Implementation
Cultural Issues
Process Reengineering
Resistance to Change
User Acceptance
The Importance of HRIS Integration
Practical Approaches to Implementation
Postimplementation and Maintenance of the HRIS
Summary
Discussion Questions
Case Study: The Grant Corporation
Case Study Questions
Note
References ,

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PART IV: HRIS APPLICATIONS

Chapter 9. HR Administration and HRIS

21 I

LINDA C. ISENHOUR

Editors'Note
Chapter Objectives
Vignette
Introduction to HR Administration in an HRIS Environment
HRM Administration and Organizing Approaches
Service-Oriented Architecture and Extensible Markup Language
Advantages of XML-Enhanced SOA
Theory and HR Administration
Self-Service Portals and HRIS
Advantages of Self-Service Portals for HR Administration
Disadvantages of Self-Service Portals for HR Administration
Shared-Service Centers and HRIS
Advantages of Shared-Service Centers for HR Administration
Disadvantages of Shared-Service Centers for HR Managers
Outsourcing and HRIS
Reasons to Pursue HR Outsourcing
Advantages ofHR Outsourcing
Disadvantages ofHR Outsourcing
Offshoring and HRIS
Types ofHR Offshoring
Summary of HR Administration Approaches
Legal Compliance and HR Administration
HR Administration and Equal Employment Opportunity
U.S. Civil Rights Act of 1964, Title VII, and the EEO-1 Report
EEO-1 Report (Standard Form 100)
EEO-1 and HRIS
Occupational Safety and Health Act Recordkeeping
OSHA Form 300 (Log of Work-Related Injuries and Illnesses)
and HRIS
HR Administration Approaches and Mandated
Governmental Reporting
Privacy and Security in an HRIS
Summary of Government-Mandated Reports and
Privacy Requirements
HR Strategic Goal Achievement and the Balanced Scorecard
HRM and the Balanced Scorecard
HR Scorecard and Balanced Scorecard Alignment
Discussion Questions
Case Study: The Calleeta Corporation
Case Study Questions

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Note
References
Chapter 10. Job Analysis and HR Planning

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HAZEL WILLIAMS

Editors Note
Chapter Objectives
Vignette
Talent Management
An Inclusive or Exclusive Approach?
High Performers and High Potentials
Talent Diversity
Summary
Job Analysis: Keystone of HR Planning
Introduction
Job Analysis Approaches and Techniques
Establishing and Maintaining Accurate Job Descriptions:
HRIS Applications
A Framework for Strategic HR Planning
Analysis and Investigation
Forecasting
Planning and Resourcing
HRIS Utilization for Talent Management and HR Planning:
The Current Status
Utilization of HRIS for Talent Management, Tracking, and
HR Planning
Human Capital Metrics and Analytics
Summary
Discussion Questions j
Case Study: Return to Opening Vignette
Case Study Questions
Notes
References

Chapter I I. Recruitment and Selection in an Internet Context

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KlMBERLY M . LUKASZEWSKI, DAVID N . DlCKTER, BRIAN D . LYONS,

AND JERARD F. KEHOE

Editors' Note
Chapter Objectives
Vignette
Introduction
Recruitment and Technology
The Impact of Online Recruitment on Recruitment Objectives
Quantity, Quality, and Diversity of Applicants
Attributes of the Recruiting Web Site

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Summary of Online Recruitment

Selection and Technology
What Are Selection Tests and Assessments,
and Why Are They Used?
Why Is Assessment Important for HRIS?
Technology Issues in Selection
Applying HRIS to Selection and Assessment
Demonstrating the HR's Value With HRIS Selection Applications
Summary of Selection
Discussion Questions
Case Study
Case Supplemental Material
Case Study Questions
References

Chapter 12.Training and Development: Issues

and HRIS Applications

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RALF BURBACH

Editors' Note
Chapter Objectives
Vignette
Introduction
Training and Development: Strategic Implications and Learning
Organizations
Systems Model of Training and Development
Training Metrics and Cost-Benefit Analysis
HRIS Applications in Training
HRIS/Learning Applications: LMS
HRIS T&D Applications: Implementation Issues
Summary
Discussion Questions
Case Study
Case Study Questions
Notes
References

Chapter 13. Performance Management, Compensation,

Benefits, Payroll, and the HRIS

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CHARLES H. FAY AND REN NARDONI

Editors' Note
Chapter Objectives
Vignette
Introduction to Performance, Rewards, and Payroll
Performance Management
Overview

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Typical Data Inputs

Typical Reports
Data Outflows
Decision Support
Compensation
Overview
Typical Data Inputs
Typical Reports
Data Outflows
Decision Support
Benefits
Overview
Typical Data Inputs
Typical Reports
Data Outflows
Decision Support
Payroll
Overview
Typical Data Inputs
Typical Reports
Data Outflows
Decision Support
Summary
Discussion Questions
Case Study: Grandview Global Financial Services, Inc.
Case Study Questions
References

Chapter 14. International Human Resource Management

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MICHAEL J. KAVANAGH AND JOHN W. MICHEL

Editors' Note
Chapter Objectives
Vignette
Introduction: Increasing Importance of International
Human Resource Management
Types of International Business Operations
Differences in HRM in MNEs
Managing Different Types of Employees in MNEs
HR Programs in Global Organizations
International Staffing
Selecting Global Managers: Managing Expatriates
Training and Development of Expatriates
Performance Appraisal in MNEs
Managing International Compensation

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HRIS Applications in IHRM

Introduction
Organizational Structure for Effectiveness
IHRM-HRIS Administrative Issues
HRIS Applications in MNEs
Summary
Discussion Questions
Case Study
Case Study Questions
Notes
References

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PART V: SPECIAL TOPICS IN HRIS

Chapter 15. Information Security and Privacy in HRIS

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YUK KUEN WONG AND MOHAN THITE

Editors' Note
Chapter Objectives
Vignette
Introduction
Threats to Information Security
Components of Information Security
Confidentiality
Integrity
Availability
Legal Requirements for Information Security
Role of HR in Information Security
Information Security Management for HRIS
Information Privacy
Discussion Questions
Case Study: Practical Applications of Information Privacy Plan
Scenario 1
Scenario 2
Scenario 3
Case Study Questions
References

Chapter 16.The Future of HRIS: Emerging Trends in HRM and IT

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MICHAEL J. KAVANAGH AND MOHAN THITE

Editors' Note
Chapter Objectives
Future Trends in HRM

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Future Trends in the Fields of IT/IS and HRIS

Software as a Service (SAAS)
Service-Oriented Architecture
. Web 2.0
En terprise Portals
Future Trends in Workforce Technologies
Summary
Notes
References

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Appendix

419

Glossary

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Name Index

442

Subject Index

450

About the Editors

462

About the Contributors

463