Professional Documents
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01
Date
2015-04-20
Notice
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Issue 01 (2015-04-20)
WCDMA RAN
UMTS Voice Quality Improvement Solution
Contents
Contents
1 About This Document..................................................................................................................1
1.1 Scope..............................................................................................................................................................................1
1.2 Intended Audience..........................................................................................................................................................1
1.3 Change History...............................................................................................................................................................1
2 Overview of Solution....................................................................................................................2
2.1 Background.....................................................................................................................................................................2
2.2 Application Scenarios.....................................................................................................................................................2
2.3 Overall Solution..............................................................................................................................................................3
ii
WCDMA RAN
UMTS Voice Quality Improvement Solution
Contents
Issue 01 (2015-04-20)
iii
WCDMA RAN
UMTS Voice Quality Improvement Solution
1.1 Scope
This document describes voice quality improvement solutions for different application scenarios
in UMTS networks.
The purpose of this document is to help customers choose the appropriate feature or feature
combination based on different network deployment scenarios. The technical principles,
deployment, and activation of each feature will not be described in this document and will be
included in the corresponding feature parameter description.
RAN17.1 01 (2015-04-20)
Compared with Issue 01 (2014-05-15) of RAN16.0, Issue 01 (2015-04-20) of RAN17.1 includes
the following changes:
l
Added features WRFD-170201 Seamless Crystal Voice and WRFD-171201 Crystal Voice
in Deep Coverage to the scenario of optimal voice experience.
Added feature WRFD-171202 Ultrafast CS Call Setup to the scenario of fast voice service
establishment.
Issue 01 (2015-04-20)
WCDMA RAN
UMTS Voice Quality Improvement Solution
2 Overview of Solution
Overview of Solution
2.1 Background
As the most basic and important services in mobile networks, voice services are undergoing
constant evolution and development. In the MBB era, the UMTS network is the basic bearer
network for voice services, and requirements on user experience become more demanding.
AMR-NB services are conventional narrowband UMTS voice services. As the penetration rate
of AMR-WB-capable terminals increases, AMR-WB services become the trend. Compared with
the AMR-NB technique, AMR-WB significantly improves voice quality.
In addition to AMR-WB services, the voice quality improvement solution improves the mean
opinion score (MOS) of voice services, reduces the access delay, and provides optimal voice
quality for users.
Issue 01 (2015-04-20)
WCDMA RAN
UMTS Voice Quality Improvement Solution
2 Overview of Solution
data rate twice that in 12.2 kbit/s AMR-NB scenarios. This scenario consumes more power
resources but provides optimal voice quality. When resources are insufficient, the adaptive
SRB rate function must be enabled to reduce the data rate to 12.65 kbit/s or lower so as to
counteract the impact on the coverage and capacity of voice services.
l
Issue 01 (2015-04-20)
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UMTS Voice Quality Improvement Solution
2 Overview of Solution
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5.1
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4.7
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kbit
/s
OM
NOTE
1 indicates that a rate set contains the rate. (1) indicates that the rate is optional in a rate set. - indicates that
a rate set does not contain the rate.
In the OM row, A indicates that the TFO/TrFO mechanism is allowed to automatically optimize and modify
the rate set during TFO/TrFO negotiation. F indicates that the optimization and modification are not
allowed. Usually, F is used.
Issue 01 (2015-04-20)
WCDMA RAN
UMTS Voice Quality Improvement Solution
Feature
Name
Introduced in
Reference Document
WRFD-011
600
TFO/TrFO
RAN3.0
Feature Name
Feature Description
WRFD-011600
TFO/TrFO
3.1.1.4 Implementation
The single-rate AMR-NB solution provides common narrowband voice services without
requiring any feature enhancements. If the voice quality of single-rate AMR-NB services needs
to be further improved, you are advised to enable the TFO/TrFO feature on both the CN and
RAN sides. The following table describes requirements on solution implementation.
Scenario
CN
RAN
UE
Remarks
To ensure
basic
performance
None
To reduce the
number of
encoding/
decoding to
improve the
voice quality
Enable the
TFO/TrFO
feature.
The TFO/TrFO
feature is
recommended for
improving the MOS
of voice services.
WCDMA RAN
UMTS Voice Quality Improvement Solution
1.
It is recommended that the CN configure rate set 7 (12.2 kbit/s) for all the RNCs on the
network.
2.
If the voice quality needs to be further improved, you are advised to enable the TFO/TrFO
feature for both the CN and RAN.
NOTE
l If the CN configures different rate sets for different RNCs, call drops may occur during interRNC relocations after the TFO/TrFO feature is enabled.
l You are advised to enable the TFO/TrFO feature first for the RNC and then for the CN. Otherwise,
calls may fail to be set up.
Deployment and activation of each feature will not be described in this document and will be
included in the corresponding feature parameter description.
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UMTS Voice Quality Improvement Solution
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5.1
5
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/s
4.7
5
kbit
/s
OM
NOTE
1 indicates that a rate set contains the rate. (1) indicates that the rate is optional in a rate set. - indicates that
a rate set does not contain the rate.
In the OM row, A indicates that the TFO/TrFO mechanism is allowed to automatically optimize and modify
the rate set during TFO/TrFO negotiation. F indicates that the optimization and modification are not
allowed. Usually, F is used.
Issue 01 (2015-04-20)
Feature ID
Feature
Name
Introduced in
Reference Document
WRFD-0116
00
TFO/TrFO
RAN3.0
WCDMA RAN
UMTS Voice Quality Improvement Solution
Feature ID
Feature
Name
Introduced in
Reference Document
WRFD-0207
01
AMR/WBAMR Speech
Rates Control
RAN2.0
Feature Name
Feature Description
WRFD-011600
TFO/TrFO
WRFD-020701
AMR/WB-AMR Speech
Rates Control
3.1.2.4 Implementation
The multi-rate AMR-NB solution provides common narrowband voice services without
requiring any feature enhancements. You are only required to configure the recommended rate
set on the CN side. To improve the voice quality of multi-rate AMR-NB services, you are advised
to enable the TFO/TrFO feature on both the CN and RAN sides. To improve the coverage and
capacity of multi-rate AMR-NB services, you are advised to enable the AMR/AMR-WB Speech
Rates Control feature on the RAN side. The following table describes requirements on solution
implementation.
Issue 01 (2015-04-20)
Scenario
CN
RAN
UE
Remarks
To ensure
basic
performance
Configure rate
set 1.
10
WCDMA RAN
UMTS Voice Quality Improvement Solution
Scenario
CN
RAN
UE
Remarks
To reduce
the number
of encoding/
decoding to
improve the
voice quality
Configure rate
set 1 and enable
the TFO/TrFO
feature.
Enable the
TFO/TrFO
feature.
To use a
lower data
rate to
improve the
coverage
and capacity
for voice
services
Configure rate
set 1.
Enable the
AMR/WBAMR
Speech
Rates
Control
feature.
It is recommended that the CN configure rate set 1 (including 12.2 kbit/s, 7.4 kbit/s, 5.9
kbit/s, and 4.75 kbit/s) for all the RNCs on the network.
NOTE
If the CN configures different rate sets for different RNCs, call drops may occur during inter-RNC
relocations after the TFO/TrFO feature is enabled.
2.
If the voice quality needs to be further improved, you are advised to enable the TFO/TrFO
feature.
NOTE
l Enable the TFO/TrFO feature first for the RNC and then for the CN. Otherwise, calls may fail
to be set up.
l It is recommended that the CN configure different AMR multi-rates for the GSM and UMTS
networks. Otherwise, one-way audio may occur in GSM networks if a TFO/TrFO call is initiated
between the two networks. The reason is as follows: After a channel switch from full-rate to halfrate is performed in the GSM network, services can no longer be carried over high-rate channels.
In this case, the GSM network initiates a rate adjustment request to the UMTS network. If the
UE in the UMTS network is undergoing a non-stable procedure such as a handover, the UE cannot
respond to the rate adjustment request and as a result, the RNC returns a rate adjustment failure
to the BSC, leading to possible one-way audio in the GSM network. In the GSM network, only
AMR-NB services are carried over half-rate channels and one-way audio occurs only to AMRNB services.
3.
If you need to further improve the coverage and capacity for voice services, enable the
AMR/AMR-WB Speech Rates Control feature on the RAN side.
Deployment and activation of each feature will not be described in this document and will be
included in the corresponding feature parameter description.
11
WCDMA RAN
UMTS Voice Quality Improvement Solution
band of 50-300 Hz makes voices sound more natural and comfortable to listen to while the added
high band of 3400-7000 Hz makes voices clearer. Compared with AMR-NB, AMR-WB
significantly increases the voice quality and makes it easier to recognize the caller.
HD voice services can be further divided into common AMR-WB (12.65 kbit/s) and optimized
AMR-WB (23.85 kbit/s) based on the AMR rates configured by the CN for RAN.
Rate Set 0
Rate Set 1
Rate Set 2
Rate Set 3
Rate Set 4
Rate Set 5
23.85 kbit/
s
15.85 kbit/
s
12.65 kbit/
s
8.85 kbit/s
6.6 kbit/s
OM
NOTE
1 indicates that a rate set contains the rate. - indicates that a rate set does not contain the rate.
In the OM row, A indicates that the TFO/TrFO mechanism is allowed to automatically optimize and modify
the rate set during TFO/TrFO negotiation. F indicates that the optimization and modification are not
allowed. Usually, F is used.
12
WCDMA RAN
UMTS Voice Quality Improvement Solution
Feature ID
Feature
Name
Introduced in
Reference Document
WRFD-0106
13
AMR-WB
(Adaptive
Multi Rate
Wide Band)
RAN6.0
WRFD-0116
00
TFO/TrFO
RAN3.0
WRFD-0207
01
AMR/WBAMR Speech
Rates Control
RAN2.0
Feature Name
Feature Description
WRFD-010613
AMR-WB (Adaptive
Multi Rate Wide Band)
WRFD-011600
TFO/TrFO
WRFD-020701
AMR/WB-AMR Speech
Rates Control
3.2.1.4 Implementation
When 12.65 kbit/s AMR-WB services are activated, the TFO/TrFO feature must be enabled for
both the CN and RAN to achieve end-to-end HD voices. Before a call is set up, the TFO/TrFO
feature negotiates the encoding/decoding codes for the calling party and called party. AMR-WB
services can be set up only when both the two parties support AMR-WB services. Otherwise,
the two parties cannot enjoy HD voices. To implement rate adjustment among multiple AMRWB services, you are advised to enable the AMR/AMR-WB Speech Rates Control feature. The
following table describes requirements on solution implementation.
Issue 01 (2015-04-20)
13
WCDMA RAN
UMTS Voice Quality Improvement Solution
Scenario
CN
RAN
UE
Remarks
To ensure
basic
performance
Configure rate
set 0 and enable
the AMR-WB
and TFO/TrFO
features.
Enable the
AMR-WB
and TFO/
TrFO
features.
Configure rate
set 0 and enable
the AMR-WB
and TFO/TrFO
features.
Enable the
AMR-WB,
TFO/TrFO,
and AMR/
AMR-WB
Speech
Rates
Control
features.
To use a
lower data
rate to
improve the
coverage
and capacity
for voice
services
If the AMR-WB feature is enabled for both the CN and RAN, it is recommended that the
CN configure rate set 0 (including 12.65 kbit/s, 8.85 kbit/s, and 6.6 kbit/s) for all the RNCs
on the network.
NOTE
l You are advised to enable the AMR-WB feature first for the RNC and then for the CN. Otherwise,
calls may fail to be set up.
l If the CN configures different rate sets for different RNCs, call drops may occur during interRNC relocations after the TFO/TrFO feature is enabled.
2.
To enjoy true HD voices during AMR-WB calls, it is recommended that the TFO/TrFO
feature be enabled for both the CN and RAN.
NOTE
You are advised to enable the TFO/TrFO feature first for the RNC and then for the CN. Otherwise,
calls may fail to be set up.
3.
If you need to further improve the coverage and capacity for voice services, enable the
AMR/AMR-WB Speech Rates Control feature on the RAN side.
Deployment and activation of each feature will not be described in this document and will be
included in the corresponding feature parameter description.
Issue 01 (2015-04-20)
14
WCDMA RAN
UMTS Voice Quality Improvement Solution
Rate Set 0
Rate Set 1
Rate Set 2
Rate Set 3
Rate Set 4
Rate Set 5
23.85 kbit/
s
15.85 kbit/
s
12.65 kbit/
s
8.85 kbit/s
6.6 kbit/s
OM
NOTE
1 indicates that a rate set contains the rate. - indicates that a rate set does not contain the rate.
In the OM row, A indicates that the TFO/TrFO mechanism is allowed to automatically optimize and modify
the rate set during TFO/TrFO negotiation. F indicates that the optimization and modification are not
allowed. Usually, F is used.
Issue 01 (2015-04-20)
15
WCDMA RAN
UMTS Voice Quality Improvement Solution
Feature ID
Feature
Name
Introduced in
Reference Document
WRFD-0106
13
AMR-WB
(Adaptive
Multi Rate
Wide Band)
RAN6.0
WRFD-0116
00
TFO/TrFO
RAN3.0
WRFD-0207
01
AMR/WBAMR Speech
Rates Control
RAN2.0
Feature Name
Feature Description
WRFD-010613
AMR-WB (Adaptive
Multi Rate Wide Band)
WRFD-011600
TFO/TrFO
WRFD-020701
AMR/WB-AMR Speech
Rates Control
3.2.2.4 Implementation
When 23.85 kbit/s AMR-WB services are enabled, the TFO/TrFO feature must be enabled for
both the CN and RAN to achieve end-to-end HD voices. Before a call is set up, the TFO/TrFO
feature negotiates the encoding/decoding codes for the calling party and called party. AMR-WB
services can be set up only when both the two parties support AMR-WB services. Otherwise,
the two parties cannot enjoy HD voices. Compared with 12.2 kbit/s AMR-NB, 23.85 kbit/s
AMR-WB consumes more power resources and code resources, which undermine the coverage
and capacity of voice services. Therefore, the AMR/AMR-WB Speech Rates Control feature
must be enabled on the RAN side. This feature prevents voice service capacity and coverage
Issue 01 (2015-04-20)
16
WCDMA RAN
UMTS Voice Quality Improvement Solution
from degrading when rate adjustment is performed in the case of insufficient resources. The
following table describes requirements on solution implementation.
Scenario
CN
RAN
UE
Remarks
To ensure
basic
performance
Configure rate
set 0 and enable
the AMR-WB
and TFO/TrFO
features.
Enable the
AMR-WB,
TFO/TrFO,
and AMR/
AMR-WB
Speech
Rates
Control
features.
If the AMR-WB feature is enabled for both the CN and RAN, it is recommended that the
CN configure rate set 4 (including data rates of 23.85 kbit/s, 12.65 kbit/s, 8.85 kbit/s, and
6.6 kbit/s) for all the RNCs on the network.
NOTE
l You are advised to enable the AMR-WB feature first for the RNC and then for the CN. Otherwise,
calls may fail to be set up.
l If the CN configures different rate sets for different RNCs, call drops may occur during interRNC relocations after the TFO/TrFO feature is enabled.
2.
To enjoy true HD voices during AMR-WB calls, it is recommended that the TFO/TrFO
feature be enabled for both the CN and RAN.
NOTE
You are advised to enable the TFO/TrFO feature first for the RNC and then for the CN. Otherwise,
calls may fail to be set up.
3.
To prevent the impact of 23.85 kbit/s AMR-WB services on coverage and capacity, the
AMR/AMR-WB Speech Rates Control feature must be enabled on the RAN side.
Deployment and activation of each feature will not be described in this document and will be
included in the corresponding feature parameter description.
17
WCDMA RAN
UMTS Voice Quality Improvement Solution
degrades the user experience. This solution aims to reduce the BLER over the Uu interface for
voice services by improving the performance of voice channels and eventually improve the
MOS.
Feature
Name
Introduced in
Reference Document
WRFD-1402
01
AMR Voice
Quality
Improvement
Based on
PLVA
RAN14.0
WRFD-1602
04
CS Voice
Precise
Power
Control
RAN16.0
WRFD-1702
01
Seamless
Crystal Voice
RAN17.1
WRFD-1712
01
Crystal Voice
in Deep
Coverage
RAN17.1
Issue 01 (2015-04-20)
Feature ID
Feature Name
Feature Description
WRFD-140201
18
WCDMA RAN
UMTS Voice Quality Improvement Solution
Feature ID
Feature Name
Feature Description
WRFD-160204
WRFD-170201
WRFD-171201
3.3.4 Implementation
The optimal voice experience solution does not require the support from the CN or UE. The
features and functions involved in this solution are independent of each other. These features
and functions have different dependencies on the NodeB or RNC hardware. For details, see the
corresponding feature parameter description document. If allowed by hardware, it is
recommended that these features and functions be enabled at the same time to improve the MOS
of voice services. The following table describes requirements on solution implementation.
Scenarios
CN
RAN
UE
Remarks
To increase
the MOS in
the cell
center
Issue 01 (2015-04-20)
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WCDMA RAN
UMTS Voice Quality Improvement Solution
Scenarios
CN
RAN
UE
Remarks
To increase
the MOS at
the cell edge
UE transmit power
reaches the maximum
at the cell edge, which
paralyzes the power
control function.
Therefore, the CS
Voice Precise Power
Control feature
cannot increase the
MOS at the cell edge
as expected. The
Seamless Crystal
Voice feature
increases the MOS in
the soft handover
area.
Deployment and activation of each feature will not be described in this document and will be
included in the corresponding feature parameter description.
Signaling bearer: After the function of adaptive SRB rate is enabled, during the access
procedure, signaling rates of UEs in well-covered areas are improved when signaling is
carried over dedicated channels. Signaling rates of UEs are adaptively adjusted based on
the signal quality in places where UEs are located. In this way, user experience in wellcovered areas is improved without sacrificing the service setup success rate.
Issue 01 (2015-04-20)
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WCDMA RAN
UMTS Voice Quality Improvement Solution
Parallel procedure processing: This function implements parallel processing of the Iu and
Uu paging procedures, parallel processing of the Iu setup and Uu security mode procedures,
and parallel processing of the ringing and RAB setup procedures. This reduces the waiting
time of each process and achieves the ultrafast access of voice services.
It is recommended that the preceding functions or features be enabled to ensure better user
experience.
Feature Name
Introduced in
Reference Document
WRFD-1601
06
RAN16.0
N/A
Adaptive SRB
rate
RAN16.0
WRFD-1712
02
Ultrafast CS Call
Setup
RAN17.1
Issue 01 (2015-04-20)
Feature ID
Feature Name
Feature Description
WRFD-160106
NA
WRFD-171202
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WCDMA RAN
UMTS Voice Quality Improvement Solution
3.4.4 Implementation
The features and functions involved in this solution are independent of each other. It is
recommended that all these features and functions be enabled at the same time to reduce the
access delay for voice services.
The WRFD-160106 Fast Radio Bearer Setup feature requires support from UEs. If some UEs
do not support this feature, add these UEs to the blacklist. For details about this feature, see Fast
Radio Bearer Setup Feature Parameter Description. Before enabling the WRFD-171202
Ultrafast CS Call Setup feature, you are advised to enable the TFO/TrFO function for intraUMTS calls on the CN side and enable the WRFD-011600 TFO/TrFO feature on the RNC side
to ensure the gains provided by parallel processing of paging procedures. The following table
describes requirements on solution implementation.
Issue 01 (2015-04-20)
Scenario
CN
RAN
UE
Remarks
To accelerate the
access for UMTS
users acting as the
calling or called
party (the called
party is a UMTS
user)
Enable
the
TFO/
TrFO
feature.
To accelerate the
access for UMTS
users acting as the
calling party (the
called party is a
user belonging to
another operator)
No
requirem
ents (add
UEs with
compatib
ility
issues to
the
blacklist)
It is recommended that
all these features or
functions be enabled.
l TFO/TrFO
l Adaptive SRB rate
l Ultrafast CS Call
Setup
22
WCDMA RAN
UMTS Voice Quality Improvement Solution
Scenario
CN
RAN
UE
Remarks
To accelerate the
access for UMTS
users acting as the
called party (the
calling party is a
user belonging to
another operator)
It is recommended that the TFO/TrFO function be enabled for intra-UMTS calls on both
the CN and RNC sides.
NOTE
If this function is not enabled, the gains provided by parallel processing of paging procedures cannot
be ensured and the optimal access performance cannot be fulfilled.
2.
Enable the feature and function involved in the fast voice service setup solution one by one.
The features and functions involved in this solution are independent of each other and can
be enabled at the same time. Deployment and activation of each feature will not be described
in this document and will be included in the corresponding feature parameter description.
3.
If some UEs do not support the Fast Radio Bearer Setup feature, add these UEs to the
blacklist.
Deployment and activation of each feature will not be described in this document and will be
included in the corresponding feature parameter description.
23
WCDMA RAN
UMTS Voice Quality Improvement Solution
Feature ID
Feature Name
Introduced in
Reference Document
WRFD-160102
Garbled Noise
Detection and
Correction of
AMR Voice
RAN16.0
N/A
EVQI
RAN16.0
Feature Name
Feature Description
WRFD-160102
Garbled Noise
Detection and
Correction of AMR
Voice
N/A
EVQI
3.5.2 Implementation
The features and functions involved in this solution are independent of each other. It is
recommended that these features and functions be enabled at the same time. The following table
describes requirements on solution implementation.
Issue 01 (2015-04-20)
Scenarios
CN
RAN
UE
Remarks
To evaluate
the MOS of
voice quality
on the entire
network (for
the air
interface
only)
Downlink BLER is
required for downlink
EVQI evaluation.
Therefore, the UE
must send the
measurement report.
24
WCDMA RAN
UMTS Voice Quality Improvement Solution
Scenarios
CN
RAN
UE
Remarks
Garbled
Noise
Detection
and
Correction of
AMR Voice
Garbled Noise
Detection and
Correction of AMR
Voice
None
Deployment and activation of each feature will not be described in this document and will be
included in the corresponding feature parameter description.
Issue 01 (2015-04-20)
25
WCDMA RAN
UMTS Voice Quality Improvement Solution
Feature ID
Feature Name
Introduced
in
Reference Document
WRFD-010613
AMR-WB (Adaptive
Multi Rate Wide Band)
RAN6.0
WRFD-011600
TFO/TrFO
RAN3.0
WRFD-020701
AMR/WB-AMR Speech
Rates Control
RAN2.0
WRFD-140201
RAN14.0
WRFD-160204
RAN16.0
WRFD-160106
RAN16.0
NA
RAN16.0
WRFD-160102
RAN16.0
WRFD-170201
RAN17.1
WRFD-171201
RAN17.1
WRFD-171202
RAN17.1
Issue 01 (2015-04-20)
26
WCDMA RAN
UMTS Voice Quality Improvement Solution
Issue 01 (2015-04-20)
Acronym and
Abbreviation
Full Name
HD
High Definition
AMR-WB
AMR-NB
MOS
PLVA
CN
Core Network
TFO/TrFO
AMRC
LDR
Load Reshuffling
BLER
RSCP
UE
User Equipment
UMTS
27
WCDMA RAN
UMTS Voice Quality Improvement Solution
6 Reference Documents
Reference Documents
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Garbled Noise Detection and Correction of AMR Voice Feature Parameter Description
8.
9.
Issue 01 (2015-04-20)
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