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1. INTRODUCTION
Ilesha is an important town in Osun state of Nigeria, broken down into two Local
Councils, or Local Government Areas, (LGAs) Ilesha East and Ilesha West for the
purpose of bringing Government impacts closer to the various constituents of the
Nigerian State. Ilesha West Local Government Area, LGA, is one of the 31 Local
Councils in Osun State of Nigeria. The LGA shares boundary mostly with four LGAs
viz. Obokun and Oriade in the North and Atakumosa East and West in the South.
Ilesha West LGA has a population of 103,555 as at last census. Figure 1 indicates
Ilesa West LGA with respect to Osun State. It is about 25 km southeast of Oshogbo,
the Osun State Capital. Previous study has shown that this area is underlain by
Precambrian rocks typical of the basement complex of Nigeria (Rahaman, 1976).
Some of the main rock types found in this area are granite-gneiss, which occupies
most part of the eastern flank, as well as amphibolites complex, quartzite and schist,
which occupies other parts of the study area (Kayode, 2006; Ajayi et al, 2003).
The topography is gentle with few local rock outcrops in the Northeastern and
Northwestern parts. Ilesha was provided with pipe borne water by government in the
past up to early 1980s. In the 80s, parts of the town have access to water supply from
the water works located in Omi- Asoro of the town. The source of the water is from
24km northeast at Efon-Alaaye, a town in Ekiti state. An attempt at solving the water
supply problem was made in the mid 70s when a water project was conceived by the
then Oyo State Government by commissioning Messrs. Osot Associates to carry out
the design of the then New Ilesha Water Supply Scheme and Extensions. The scheme
got to award and implementation stage in1983, but for some reasons did not see the
light of the day. The late 80s witnessed irregular water supply in this areas and in the
last 3 decades, supply of pipe borne water was faced out totally. Several attemp ts have
been made by the past and present government of the state to alleviate the problem.
Tawa (2013), attributed the problem in Ilesha generally with the location as it is
located on the hill and rock and so no river or boreholes flows enough to supply
water.
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Domestic Water Supply Sources and Distribution Issues in Ilesha West Local Council,
Osun State, Nigeria
Figure 1: Map of Osun State Local Government Areas and Ilesha West LGA Study Area
Figure are
1: Map
of Osun
State in
Local
Areas
andschemes
Ilesha West
Area
There
several
attempts
the Government
areas of mini
water
andLGA
damStudy
but targets
for functioning seem impossible for this town. The recent scheme is the Kajola (about
24 - 25km away from Ilesha from Oshogbo side) water supply which the government
promised to channel to Ilesha to supply water. The river Osun flows passed this river
and the government believed it is enough to supply a reasonable part of Ilesha with
water. This project was awarded in 2006 but was abandoned in 2009, (Fadipe, 2015) .
In 2013, the contract was re-awarded but the idea of dam construction was cancelled
and a weir and an intake structure were approved. In fact the town was supposed to
get treated water from the water supply zones of the state since the creation. Apart
from the uncompleted mini water scheme in Ibokun, the government is proposing
short- term solution of tanker services on some days of the week to the residents
(Tawa, 2013). The long-term solution of the government is to pipe the Ibokun water
supply into individual households. The distance from Ibokun to Ilesa is 25km so the
cost of this distribution system to homes might be huge. The initial plan of this longterm scheme was a dam but this was later changed to a weir and an intake structures
considering the amount of billions already spent on it. Non-availability of pipe borne
water has forced the community to result to water source known as subsurface water.
There has been indiscriminate sinking of wells by individuals and local authorities. In
fact, the number of bore- holes and hand-dug wells keep increasing to the extent that
groundwater has become the principal and only source of water in Ilesha Local
Government Area.
Sanitation level in any community depends on the kinds of issues of concern with
the source of water, adequacy, and abstraction as well as distribution processes.
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Osun State, Nigeria in her quest for potable water supply for all residents of the
state has set up a committee on Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM)
and the report of the findings must be submitted for review for 2016. In order to pay
more attention to the need for a sound and robust public health and environmental
sanitation within the community, it is necessary to examine various issues of concern
in the provision and delivery of potable water supply. Researchers in this area of
interest include Schulz and Okun (1984); Olajire and Imeokparia, (2001); Ojo, et al.,
(2016); Kaonga, et al., (2013); Oginni and Ojoawo (2014); this will lead to
recommendations for required focus towards a safe and healthy environment that can
attract better living standards. This paper attempts to harvest issues bothering on
possible sources of water supply and distribution in one of the States Local Councils.
Recommendations arrived at can be used for address similar issues in other Local
Government Areas in Nigeria.
Different water sources and distribution methods with regard to operation and
maintenance were critically surveyed for functioning and non- functioning facilities.
For the non- functioning facilities, the survey considered physical assessment of the
following:
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Domestic Water Supply Sources and Distribution Issues in Ilesha West Local Council,
Osun State, Nigeria
Mechanism of supply
Performance
Adequacy
Uses
Causes of failure
Cost
Maintenance
Operations
Availability.
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(viii)
(ix)
Ilesha
Iwara
Itagunmodi
Okebode
Kajola
Illa
Odo-gbo
Idominasi
Ijemba
Osu
Ifewara
Olorunsogo
Owasanmi
Ibala
Ijaregbe
Illo Aiyegunle
Booster Balancing Tanks located at Wesley Guild, Ipole, Ejioro and
Odogbo Booster Tank at Igun
Reticulations:
Ilesha
Omiaka
Iperindo
Igangan
Araromi
Gada
Ilerin
Kajola
Igun
Odo-gbo
Ajebamdele
Itagunmodi
Irogbo
Ejioro
Ijano
Iloro Eyingun
Oke-Osin
Oke-Bode
Ijemba
Isaobi
Iyemogun
Idominasi
Isotun
Osu
Ikoromaja
Ifewara
Ipole
Olorunsogo
Ise
Illa
(x)
Staff Quarters
The scope of works can be felt from the number of reticulations being 30(No) and
the number of Concrete Reservoirs which was 16(No).
The estimate of the project cost as at 1977 was 25million. This cost can
currently be evaluated as 6.25billion. The Project was to be financed by a Foreign
Credit. In fact a Contractor financing scheme was considered by the time the project
was awarded in 1983. It was actually awarded in 1983 with the then Governor of Oyo
State commissioning the Project ceremonially.
However the project was abandoned, probably for the following reasons:
It was considered a political project because the Governor that commissioned it did
not survive the election as a new Governor, Dr. Olunloyo came on the saddle of
River Oora
River Eshira
River Adeti
River Oshunmu
River Eran
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Domestic Water Supply Sources and Distribution Issues in Ilesha West Local Council,
Osun State, Nigeria
River Aladie
WEST LGA
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Year
No. of Boreholes
2009
2013
13
2014
10
2015
The network of rivers and streams together with Government owned boreholes are
indicated in Figure 3.
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Domestic Water Supply Sources and Distribution Issues in Ilesha West Local Council,
Osun State, Nigeria
without treatment. But if this will be the case, government agencies concerned with
sanitation issues recommended that boiling before us.
3.6. Spring
A particular settlement in the local government relies on water from the spring for
drinking and other domestic activities. The spring is housed with concrete and open
spaces were created on the side for residents to fetch water from it. Fro m information
gathered from the community, the Federal Government is solely responsible for the
upgrading and maintenance of the spring. However elders in the settlement also took
it upon themselves to keep the environment clean as much as possible as this was
evident from the surrounding on the day of visit. The residents said the spring had
never run dry. This implies that this source of supply is reliable and that there are no
distribution issues per se. This source cannot be adequate for use for the community.
From official report, all this were functional after completion. Location of most of
these public facilities are satisfactory but most residents complained that it is too open
and mostly on the roads. This is a put off for most residents interviewed.
Some homes have boreholes fitted with taps for neighbors and passers- by to fetch
water, almost all the Local, State and Federal Government facilities have broken
down. Investigation on inability to function well for most of these water facilities
revealed that most of the equipments inside the well are no more there. It is either
they were taken for repair and were never returned or they were carted away by
strangers that disguised as Engineers. Further investigation revealed that some
complaints were on problems regarded as little malfunctioning of equipments but
since it is government owned, it cannot be fixed by individuals. This is Ownership
issue. Some residents also complained that some of the equipments are obsolete and
so spare parts could not be procured. The issue here is Non-availability of repair spare
parts due to obsolesce of equipment. It can also be considered as Maintenance issue.
One of the revealing situations is that none of these facilities was ever piped into
any home. This is distribution issue. They are just piped into public taps located in the
settlements. Most of the taps of these facilities have gone off, a maintenance issue.
During the course of study, only children and women were seen with various forms of
containers for fetching. The percentages of open containers are higher as compared to
kegs and covered buckets. Some of the residents confessed that they do not drink this
water because they were not sure of quality in transit.
While some residents
complained they could not drink because of tastes, others complained that some
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Domestic Water Supply Sources and Distribution Issues in Ilesha West Local Council,
Osun State, Nigeria
REFERENCES
[1]
[2]
Journal
[3]
Fadipe, Olusola Olayemi, 2015: Appraisal of Water Supply Status in Ilesa West
Local, Osun State, Nigeria. A Paper Presented At The National Conference of
APWEN (Association of Professional Women Engineers Of Nigeria), 2015
[4]
[5]
http://www.academicjournals.org/AJEST
[6]
[7]
[8]
[9]
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Rahaman, A., 1976. Effect of Soil Organic Matter on Phytotoxicity of soilapplied herbicides glass house studies in New Zealand Journal of
Agriculture. 4: 85-8
[11]
Schulz C.R and Okun D. A., 1984. Surface Water Treatment for
Communities in Developed Countries. John Wiley and sons.
[12]
[13]
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