CIVIL LAW REVIEW 1

Atty. Genevieve Marie D.B. Paulino

A. When do laws take effect?
B. Presumption and Applicability of Customs
Applicable Laws: New Civil Code 11 12
cf. 1987 Constitution, Art. XII Sec. 5
Rules of Court Rule 129 (2), (3)
Cases: Martinez v. Van Buskirk, 18 Phil. 79
C. Legal periods
Applicable Laws: New Civil Code, Article 13
cf. Rules of Court (ROC) Rule 22
EO 292, RAC Sec. 31
Cases: Commr. v Primetown, GR 162155, August 28, 2007
Montajes v People, G.R. No. 183449, March 12,
2012
D. CONFLICT OF LAWS
Applicable Laws: New Civil Code Article 14
Art. 2, Revised Penal Code
Cases: Rayray vs. Chae Kyung Lee, G.R. No. 18176,
October 26,
1966
Applicable Laws: New Civil Code Article 15
Family Code Article 26 par. 2
Cases: ATCI Overseas Corp vs. Echin, G.R. No. 178551,
Oct. 11,
2010
Tuna Processing v Phi. Kingford, GR 185582,
February 29,
2012
Applicable Law : New Civil Code, Article 16
Cases: Amos v Bellis, 20 SCRA 358
Tayag v Benguet Consolidated, GR L-23145, Nov.
29,
1968 NCC 17
Kazuhiro Hasegawa vs. Kitamura, G.R. No. 149177,
November 23, 2007

Raytheon v Rouzie, GR 162894, February 26, 2008

Applicable Law : New Civil Code 18
Cases: Tamano v Ortiz, G.R. No. 126603, June 29, 1998
Zamoranos v People, G.R. No. 193902, June 1, 2011
E. HUMAN RELATIONS
Applicable Law: NCC 19 22,
Breach of Promise to Marry
Case: Wassmer v. Velez 12 SCRA 648
Tanjanco v. CA 18 SCRA 994
Baksh v. CA, 219 SCRA 115
Abanag v Mabute, AM P-11-2922, April 4, 2011

PERSONS
F. CAPACITY TO ACT
Applicable Law: New Civil Code Articles 37 39
Classes of persons and their distinctions
Elements of civil capacity
Juridical capacity v. personality
Juridical capacity v. capacity to act
1. Presumption of capacity
Case: Catalan vs. Basa, G.R. No. 159567, July 31, 2007
2. Restrictions on capacity to act
Applicable Laws: New Civil Code Articles 38 - 39, cf. New
Civil
Code 1327
(a) Minority.
Applicable Laws: R.A. 6809, Family Code Articles 5; 45 (1);
cf. R.A. 6809, New Civil Code 1 3 2 7 , N e w
C i v i l C o d e 1 3 9 0 ( p a r. 1 ) , 1 4 0 3 ( p a r.
3), New Civil Code 1397, 1399, New
C i v i l C o d e 1489, New Civil Code 1426 1427

Cases: Mercado v. Espiritu 37 Phil 215

Atizado vs People, GR No. 173822, October 13,
2010
(b) Insanity,
Applicable Law: NCC Articles: 1327 (2), 807 & 820
Family Code Articles 45 (2),
NCC 1327 (1), 1328
Cases: Hernandez vs Santos, G.R. No. 169217, August 7,
2009
People v Bulagao, GR 184757, Oct. 5, 2011
Oropesa v Oropesa, GR 184528, April 25, 2012
Crewlink v Teringtering, GR 166803, October 14,
2012
People v Boaquina, G.R. No. 188978, June 13, 2012
(c) Deaf-Mutism,
Applicable Law: NCC 1327 (2), 807 & 820
(d) Prodigality,
Applicable Law: ROC Rule 92 Sec. 2
(e) Civil Interdiction,
Applicable Law: Revised Penal Code 31, 34, 41
Case: Jalosjos v COMELEC, G.R. No. 193237, October 9, 2012
(f) Family Relations,
Applicable Laws: FC 150-151;
cf. FC 87, NCC 1490, NCC 2035,
cf. NCC 963-967
(g) Alienage, cf. Art. IV, Secs. 1-5, 1987 Constitution
(h) Absence,
Applicable Law: NCC 381 396, FC 41
Case: Olaguer v Purugganan, GR 158907, February 12, 2007
(i) Insolvency and Trusteeship,
Applicable Law: NCC 1381, 1491, 2236
Case: Umale v ASB Realty, GR 181126, June 15, 2011
(j) Gender,
Applicable Law: Art. II, Sec. 14, 1987 Constitution; cf. NCC 403

See also: Rule 3 Section 4, 1997 Rules of Civil Procedure

Cases: Mendoza v Republic, GR 157854, November 12, 2012
Republic v Encelan, G.R. No. 170022, Jan.
9, 2013
Consent
Applicable Laws: FC 45, 35 (5), 39a.
Insanity
Applicable Laws: (Articles 45(2), 47(2))
Case: People v Bulagao, 184757, Oct. 5, 2011
Fraud
Applicable Laws: (Articles 45 (3), 46)
Cases: Anaya vs Palaroan, Nov. 26, 1970
Villanueva vs CA, 505 Scra 564
Almelor v RTC, Aug. 26, 2008
NATURAL PERSONS
Applicable Law: NCC 40 - 41
Cases: Geluz v. CA 2 SCRA 801
Continental Steel vs. Montano, GR 182836, October 13,
2009
Quimiging v Icao, 34 SCRA 134
De Jesus v Syquia, 1933
Applicable Law: NCC 42
Cases: Limjoco v. Intestate Estate of Pio Fragante 80 Phil 776
Dumlao v. Quality Plastics 70 SCRA 472
Eugenio v. Velez 185 SCRA 425
Applicable Law: NCC 43, Rule 131, Sec. 33, RULES OF COURT
Cases: Joaquin v. Navarro 93 Phil 257
CITIZENSHIP AND DOMICILE
Applicable Laws: Art. IV, Sec. 1, 1987 Constitution
NCC 50FC 68-69, cf. NCC 110,
cf. FC 55, 101, 152
Cases: Romualdez-Marcos vs COMELEC, 248 SCRA 300
Vilando v HRET, August 23, 2011
Republic v Sagun, Feb. 15, 2012

Jalosjos v COMELEC, GR 191970, April 24, 2012

Republic v Sagun, February 15, 2012
Sabili vs Librea, G. R. No. 193261, April 24, 2012
SURNAMES
Applicable Laws: NCC 364-380, RA 9255, FC 176
Cases: Yasin v. Hon. Judge Sharia Court G.R. No. 94986 (1995)
In the Matter of the Adoption of Stephanie Nathy Astorga
Garcia,
G.R. No. 148311, March 31, 2005.
Remo v DFA, March 5, 2010
Gonzaludo v People, 2006
E M A N C I P A T I O N
Applicable Law: RA 6809
Cause of emancipation,
Applicable Law: FC 234 as amended
Effect of emancipation,
Applicable Law FC 236 as amended
cf. FC 15, NCC 2180
RULES GOVERNING PERSONS WHO ARE ABSENT
Applicable Laws: NCC 381-383, 384-389, FC 96, 101, 124,
NCC 390-396, FC 41
Cases: Reyes v. Alejandro, 141 SCRA 65
Eastern Shipping v. Lucero, 124 SCRA 425
Manuel vs. People, G.R. No. 165842, Nov. 29, 2005
Pantollano v Korphil, GR 169575, March 30, 2011
Rep. v Granada, GR 187512, June 13, 2012
FUNERALS
Applicable Laws: NCC 305-310, FC 195
ENTRIES IN THE CIVIL REGISTER
Applicable Laws: NCC 407-413
RA 9048
Rule 108, Rules of Court
Cases: Dela Cruz v Gracia, G.R. No. 177728, July 31, 2009
Braza v Registrar, G.R. No. 181174, December 4, 2009
Baldos vs.CA, G.R. No. 170645, July 9, 2010

Corpus v Sto. Tomas, GR 18671, Aug. 11, 2010

Republic v Magpayo, GR 189476, Feb. 2, 2011
FAMILY RELATIONS
I. MARRIAGE
A. The concept of and nature of marriage,
Applicable Law: FC 1 cf. NCC 52, FC 149
Cases: Estrada v Escritor, A.M. No. P-02-1651. August 4, 2003
Goitia vs Campos-Rueda, 35 Phils 252
Silverio vs Republic, October 22, 2007
People v De La Cruz, G.R. No.187683, February 11,
2010
De Santis v Jalandoni, GR 178221, December 1, 2010
Espinosa v Omana, AC No. 9081, October 12, 2011

B. Requisites of a valid marriage,

Applicable Laws: FAMILY CODE ARTICLES 2-3;
FAMILY CODE ARTICLE 5;
FAMILY CODE ARTICLE 45 cf. NCC 53.
B1. Essential requisites
B2. Formal Requisites
B.2.1. Some Form of Ceremony
Applicable Laws: FAMILY CODE Articles 3(3), 4(1), 6, 8
Cases: Martinez v. Tan 12 Phil 731
Morigo v People, 422 SCRA (compare Martinez v.
Tan 12
Phil 731 from Morigo v People, 422 SCRA)
C. Legal Capacity
Applicable Law Art. 2(1)
C.1. Age
Applicable Laws: FAMILY CODE, Articles 5, 35(1), 39, 45(1),
37(1))
C.2. Relationship
Applicable Laws: FAMILY CODE (Articles 37, 38(1-8), 39)

C.3 Duress force, intimidation or undue influence

Applicable Laws: FAMILY CODE (Articles 45(4), 47 (4))
Cases: Villanueva vs CA, 505 Scra 564
C.4. Mistake as to Identity
Applicable Laws: FAMILY CODE Articles 35(5), 39
C.5. Disease
Applicable Laws: FAMILY CODE 45 (6), 47 (5)
D. Authority of the Solemnizing Officer
Applicable Laws: FAMILY CODE (Articles 3 (1), 4 (1), 7, 10, 31,
32, 35 (2), R. A . 7 1 6 0 ( 1 9 9 1 Lo c a l G o v e r n m e n t C o d e ) ,
S e c s . 4 4 4 ( b ) ( 1 ) ( x v i i i ) , 4 4 5 ( b ) ( 1 ) (xviii)
Cases: Aranes vs Occiano, 380 SCRA 402
Navarro v. Domagtoy S.C. A.M. MTJ-96-1088, July 19, 1996
E. M a r r i a g e L i c e n s e
Applicable Laws: FAMILY CODE ( A r t i c l e s 3 ( 2 ) , 4 ( 1 ) ,
4
( 3 ) , 3 5 ( 3 ) , 9 2 1 [ r e f e r s t o t h e administrative
requirements], 27 34)
Cases: Sy vs. CA, G.R. No. 127263, April 12, 2000
Alcantara vs. Alcantara, G.R. No. 167746, Aug. 28, 2007
Nial vs. Bayadog, G.R. 133778, Mar. 14, 2000
De Castro v De Castro, G.R. No. 160172, February 13,2008
Republic v Dayot, G.R. No. 175581, March 28, 2008
Abbas vs Abbas, G.R. No. 183896, January 30, 2013
EFFECT OF DEFECTIVE MARRIAGES ON THE STATUS OF
CHILDREN
A. If marriage is voidable
Applicable Law: FAMILY CODE Articles 164, 178
B. If marriage is terminated
Applicable Law: FAMILY CODE Article 143
C. If marriage is void
Applicable Laws: FAMILY CODE Articles 165, 54
(i) Exceptions: Articles 36, 53

MARRIAGE CERTIFICATE
Applicable Law: Family Code ARTICLES 22 AND 23
ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR ANNULMENT
OR DECLARATION OF NULLITY
Applicable Law: Family Code, Articles: 48, 53
Cases: E n r i c o v s . M e d i n a c e l i , G . R. N o. 1 7 3 6 1 4 ,
September
2 8 , 2007
Carlos v Sandoval, GR 179922, December 16, 2008
Ablaza v Republic, G.R. No. 158298, August 11, 2010
Aurelio v Aurelio, GR 175367, June 6, 2011
Republic v CA, G.R. No. 159594, November 12, 2012
Mendoza v Republic, GR 157854, November 12, 2012
FOREIGN MARRIAGES AND FOREIGN DIVORCES
(a) As to form
Applicable Laws: New Civil Code Articles 17 (1) and (2)
(b) As to substantive requirements, New Civil Code Articles
15 & 17
(3) Family Code Articles 26; 21, 10, 35(1), 35(4), 35(5), 36, 37 &
38
Cases: Arca vs Javier, July 31, 1954
Tenchavez v. Escao, 15 SCRA 355
Van Dorn v. Romillo, 139 SCRA 139
Somera v. Pilapil, 174 SCRA 663
Quita vs CA, 300 SCRA 406
Llorente vs CA, 345 SCRA 592
Garcia vs. Recio, 366 SCRA 437
RP vs. Orbecido, G.R.No. 154380, Oct. 5, 2005
Corpus v Sto Tomas, G.R. No. 186571, August 11, 2010
Llave v Republic, GR 169766, March 30, 2011
EFFECTS OF DEFECTIVE MARRIAGE
Applicable Laws: Family Code Articles 52, 53, 50, 147, 148, 63
RULES ON FORFEITURE OF THE SHARE OF THE GUILTY SPOUSE
Applicable Laws: Family Code Articles 52, 53, 50, 147, 148, 63
Family Code 43 (2), 50 (1), 63 (2), 147, 148
WHEN THERE IS DELIVERY OF PRESUMPTIVE LEGITIMES

Applicable Laws: Family Code Articles 102 (5), 43 (2), 50 (2),

51, 102
(5), 63 (2), 102, 129,135
Cases: Dino v Dino, GR 178044, January 19, 2011
Yu v Reyes-Carpio, GR 189207, June 15, 2011
LEGAL SEPARATION
Grounds for legal separation
Applicable Laws: Family Code Art. 55, RA 9262
Cases: Kalaw v Fernandez, GR 166357, September 19,
20112.
Defenses in actions for legal separation
Applicable Laws: Family Code Articles 56, 60
Cases: Lapuz v. Eufemio 43 SCRA 177
Matubis v. Praxedes 109 Phil 789