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AC CIRCUIT
Introduction
Three Phase System
a) wye-connected source
b) delta-connected source
Va
Vb
Vc
t
V
Van = Vp 00
Vbn = Vp 1200
Vcn = Vp 2400 = Vp + 1200
acb sequence or negative sequence:
Van = Vp 00
Vcn = Vp 1200
Vbn = Vp 2400 = Vp + 1200
Vp
Z1 = Z 2 = Z3 = Z Y
1
ZY = Z
3
b) a delta-connected load
For a balanced delta connected load:
Za = Z b = Zc = Z
Z = 3Z Y
Example 1
Determine the phase sequence of the set of voltages
van = 2 200 cos(t + 10)
vbn = 2 200 cos(t 230), vcn = 2 200 cos(t 110)
Solution:
The voltages can be expressed in phasor form as
We notice that Van leads Vcn by 120 and Vcn in turn leads Vbn by
120.
Van = 20010V Vbn = 200 230V Vcn = 200 110V
Van = 110150V
Zs =
Source impedance
Zl =
Line impedance
ZL =
Load impedance
ZY = Z s + Z l + Z L
ZY = ZL
Source impedance
Zl =
Line impedance
ZL =
Load impedance
Vab
120
30o
VL = 3V p
IL = I p
Van
Balanced
Y-Y
Connection
Given the phase voltages, the line current can be calculated as:
Applying KVL to each phase:
Van
Ia =
ZY
Vbn Van 1200
Ib =
=
= I a 1200
ZY
ZY
Vcn Van 2400
Ic =
=
= I a 2400
ZY
ZY
I a + I b + I c = I n = 0
VnN = Z n I n = 0
Ia =
Van
ZY
&
V
& = an = 15.97 370
0
I
aA
Z = R + jL = 50 + j 37.7 = 62.6237
Z
0
= 37
I&bB = 15.97 157 0 , I&cC = 15.97830
V&ab = V&an 3300 = 1732300 V&bc = 1732 900 ,V&ca = 17321500
Example 2
1- Calculate the line
currents in the three wire
Y-Y system of figure
below.
V an = 120 30 0 V
Find: (a) the line voltages
I a = I AB I CA = 3I AB 30
I b = I BC I AB = 3I AB 150
I c = I CA I BC = 3I AB 90
I CA = I AB
Balanced
Y-Delta
Connection
240
0
I a = I AB I CA = I AB (1 1 2400 )
I a = I AB 3 300
Magnitude line currents:
IL = Ia = Ib = Ic
IL = Ip 3
I p = I AB = I BC = I CA
Ia =
Z
3
Van
V
= an
ZY
Z / 3
V AB = 180 20 0 V
Balanced Delta-Delta
Connection
A balanced - system is one in which both balanced
source and balanced load are connected.
Vab = VAB
Vbc = VBC
Vca = VCA
Line currents:
I a = I AB I CA = 3I AB 30
Phase currents:
I b = I BC I AB = 3I AB 150
I c = I CA I BC = 3I AB 90
IL = Ip 3
Total impedance:
Z
ZY =
3
I AB =
V AB
Z
I BC =
V BC
Z
I CA =
V CA
Z
Example4:
A delta-connected source
supplies a delta-connected
load through wires having
impedances of Zline=0.3+j0.4,
the load impedance are
Z=30+j6 , the balanced
source ab voltage is
Vab=1000<30
Calculate the phase currents of the load and the line currents.
2- A positive-sequence, balanced -connected source supplies a
balanced -connected load. If the impedance per phase of the
load is 18+j12 and I a = 22.535 0 A , find IAB and VAB.
Phase voltages:
Van =
Vp
V
I a = an =
ZY
30
ZY
Vbn =
Vcn =
Vp
3
Vp
3
Vp
3
300
1500
+ 900
ia =
2 I p cos( t )
ib =
2 I p cos( t 120 0 )
ic =
2 I p cos( t + 120 0 )
p = p a + p b + p c = v AN i a + v BN i b + v CN i c
p = 3 V p I p cos
Average power per phase:
Pp = V p I p cos
Apparent power per phase:
S p = Vp I p
Q p = V p I p sin
Complex power per phase:
S p = Pp + jQ p = V p I *p
P = 3 Pp = 3 V p I p cos =
3 V L I L cos
Q = 3 Q p = 3 V p I p sin =
3 V L I L sin
S = P + jQ =
3VL I L
Power: Example 6
1-A three-phase motor can be regarded as a balanced Y-load. A
three-phase motor draws 5.6 kW when the line voltage is 220 V
and the line current is 18.2 A. Determine the power factor of the
motor.