TRAFO

1. A transformer has 500 primary turns and 3000 secondary turns. If the primary voltage is 240
V, determine the secondary voltage, assuming an ideal transformer.
Answer:
For an ideal transformer, voltage ratio = turn ratio

V1
N
240
500

1 , hence
V2
3000
V2
N2
Thus the secondary voltage is V2

(3000)(240)
1440 V
500

2. An ideal transformer has a turns ratio of 2:7 is fed from 240 V supply. Determine its output
voltage.
Answer:

V1
N
240 2

1 , hence
V2
7
V2
N2
(7)(240)
V2
840 V
( 2)
3. An ideal transformer, connected to a 240 V mains, supplies a 12 V, 150 Watt lamp. Calculate
the transformer turns ratio and the current taken from the supply.
Answer:

V1 240 V ;V2 12 V ; I 2

P
150

12.5 A
V2
12

N 1 V1 240

20
N 2 V2
12
V1
I
V
12
2 , from which, I 1 I 2 2 12.5
0.625 A
V2
I1
V2
240

Turns ratio =

4. A 5 kVA single phase transformer has a turns ratio of 10:1 and is fed from a 2.5 kV supply.
Neglecting losses, determine (a) the full load secondary current, (b) the minimum load
resistance which can be connected across the secondary winding to give full load kVA, (c) the
primary current at full load kVA.
Answer:

N2
N1

(a) V2 V1

1
2500
250 V
10

Hence full load secondary current I 2

P
5000

20 A
V2
250

V2 250

12.5
I2
20
N1 I 2
N2
1

I 2 20 2 A
(c)
, from which primary current I 1
N2
I1
N1
10
(b) Minimum value of load resistance, R L

5. Primary side of the transformer has 200 turns and frequency of 60 Hz. This transformer is
supplied by 220 V, determine whats the max value of flux flow trough the core
Answer:

max

E1
220

4.31 mWb
4.44 * f * N 1 4.44(60)(200)

6. A 2400 V/400 V single phase transformer takes a no load current of 0.5 A and the core loss
400 W. Determine the value of the magnetizing and core loss components of the no load
current. Draw to scale the no load phasor diagram for transformer.
Answer:

V1 2400 V , V2 400 V , I 0 0.5 A

Core Loss (Iron Loss) =

400 V1 I 0 cos 0
400 ( 2400)(0.5) cos 0

cos 0

400
0.3333
(2400)(0.5)

0 arccos 0.3333 70.53 o

o
Magnetizing component, I M I 0 sin 0 0.5 sin 70.53 0.471 A

Core loss component, I C I 0 cos 0 0.5 cos 70.53 0.167 A

o

V1

I0

IC

IM
V2

7. A transformer take a current of 0.8 A when its primary connect to a 240 V, 50 Hz supply, the
secondary being on open circuit. If the absorbed is 72 watts, determine (a) the iron loss
current (b) the power factor on no load (c) the magnetizing current
Answer:

I 0 0.8 A, V 240 V

(a) Power absorbed = core loss = 72 V1 I 0 cos 0

Hence iron loss current I C I 0 cos 0

72
0.30 A
240

(b) Power factor at no load cos 0

(c) I 02 I C2 I M2 IM

I C 0.30

0.375
I0
0.80

I 02 I C2

0.8 2 0.3 2 0.74 A

8. A 100 kVA, 4000 V/ 200 V, 50 Hz single phase transformer has 100 secondary turns.
Determine (a) the primary and secondary current, (b) the number of primary turns, and (c) the
maximum value of flux.
Answer:

V1 4000 V , V2 200 V , f 50 Hz , N 2 100, S 100 kVA

(a) Transformer rating = S V1 I 1 V2 I 2 100000 VA , hence
100000
25 A
4000
100000
I2
500 A
200
I1

V1
4000
N2
100 2000
V2
200
(c) E2 4.44 f max N 2
E2
200
max

4.44 f N 2 4.44 50 100

(b) N 1

asumption(V2 E 2 )

max 9.01 10 3 Wb
9. A single phase 500 V/ 100 V, 50 Hz transformer has a maximum core flux density of 1.5 T
and an effective core cross sectional area of 50 cm 2. Determine the number of primary and
secondary turns.
Answer:
The emf equation for transformer is E 4.44 f max N and maximum flux

m B A (1.5)(50 10 4 ) 75 10 4 Wb
Since E1 4.44 f max N 1

E1
500

300
4.44 f m
4.44(50)(75 10 4 )
E2
100
N2

60
4.44 f m 4.44(50)(75 10 4 )

Then N 1

10. A single phase transformer has 2000 turns on the primary and 800 turns on the secondary
side. No load current draw 5 A, at power factor 0.20 lagging. Assuming the voltage drop in the
winding is negligible, determine the primary current and power factor when the secondary
current is 100 A at the power factor of 0.85 lagging.
Answer:

N 1 2000, N 2 800, I 0 5 A, I 2 100 A

Let I2 be the component of the primary current which provides the restoring mmf. Then

I 2' N 1 I 2 N 2
I 2'

I 2 N 2 (100)(800)

40 A
N1
2000

If the power factor of the secondary is 0.85 lagging then,

cos 2 0.85

2 31.8 o

If the power factor on no load is 0.2 lagging then,

cos 0 0.20

0 78.5 o

V1
I1

I2

I0

0
2

V2

I2

Angle in between I2 and I0 is 78.5o 31.8o = 46.7o. Then

I1

I 2'2 I 02 2 * I 2' * I 0 * cos 46.7

I 1 1600 25 276 43.6 A

21.5
121.8

a
b

c
21.5

a
b
43.6
40

sin(121.8 21.5) sin 1

0.597 sin 1
40
sin 1
0.597 0.548 1 33.23o
43.6
90 o 21.5 o 33.23 o 35.27 o
Power factor on primary winding is cos cos 35.27 o 0.81
11. A 5 kVA, 200 V/ 400 V, single phase transformer has a secondary terminal voltage 387.6 volts
when loaded. Determine the regulation of the transformer
Answer:
Regulation is no load voltage minus output terminal on load, then divided by no load voltage,
multiply 100%.

400 387.6
12.4
* 100%
* 100% 3.1%
400

400

Re g

12. Determine the equivalent circuit of transformer with 20 kVA, 8000/240 V, 50 Hz. Open circuit
test and short circuit test are given as the data bellow.
Open circuit test
Short circuit test
VOC = 8000 V
VSC = 489 V
IOC = 0.214 A
ISC = 2.5 A
POC = 400 W
PSC = 240 W
Answer:
The power during the open circuit test is

PF cos

POC
VOC * I OC

400
(8000)(0.214)
0.234 lag

ar cos(0.234) 76.5 o
I
0.214
YOC OC
0.0000268 mho
VOC
8000
RC

1
159.8 k
YOC cos

XM

1
38.4 k
YOC sin

The power factor during the short circuit test is

PF cos

Z SC

PSC
VSC * I SC

240
0.196 lag
( 489)(2.5)
V
489
SC
195.6
I SC
2.5

Rek Z SC cos 38.4

X ek Z SC sin 192