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GED010

Tourism

Mohammad Fadi 5239898

Tourism

Tourism is a vital industry in many countries because it provides much needed funds for
social and economic development. However, tourism in many regions may also cause
environmental damage.
Do the negative aspects of tourism outweigh the benefits?

Students name/ID: Mohammad Fadi 5239898


Date of submission: 5-DEC-2014
Tutors name: Mukta Jaynath

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GED010

Tourism

Mohammad Fadi 5239898

Peoples lifestyles are much different now than it was a 100 years ago. Now people are
more open to the exploration of other cultures and this is why tourism is now more
popular than it was before. Tourism is the activity of traveling for pleasure, to see sights,
for recreation, etc.
2005).

(Oxford University Press,

The positives aspects of tourism outweigh the negatives because the income

of the particular country or area increases due to increase in popularity, so many jobs
opportunities are created by tourism, and this income gained can be used to develop
the infrastructures, and the places visited. Some people argue that the revenue made
by tourism isnt reliable because it is not constant. However, tourism has many social
benefits.

Graph 1: Impact of tourist inflow on employment from 2014-2020.

Source: Santek Consultants Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi


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GED010

Tourism

Mohammad Fadi 5239898

First of all, Tourism has generated so many job opportunities in many countries
including India, the chart above demonstrates that there is a positive effect of vacationer
inflow on business i,e with the increment in traveler inflow, total employment(Direct
&Indirect) additionally rises. It is demonstrated that if the present pattern proceeds with,
aggregate job would reach to 34.06 lakhs from a visitor inflow of 227.08 lakhs till 2020.It
is essential to note here that to address the issues of such vacationer inflow, there is a
need to convey forward the formative procedure in an organized way. According to the
Bureau of Labor & Statistics (Dec 2014) employment in leisure and hospitality
continued to increase in November and has added 359,000 jobs so far this year. In
many different ways these job opportunities have affected the economy, directly,
through hotels, restaurants, taxis and souvenirs, and also indirectly by providing
services needed by tourism-related businesses, governments, through charging taxes
on tourists, households, and businesses. U.S., have generated over $133.9 billion in tax
income for local, state and federal government (U.S. Travel Association 2015).Without
the tax income the U.S. generated from tourism, households will be forced to pay more
taxes than usual. As stated by the World Tourism Organization (2015), 698 million
individuals have visited a foreign country in 2000, and have spent more than $478
billion. Global tourism proceeds combined with traveler transport more than $575 billion
is spent - making tourism the world's number one source of income in front of car items,
petroleum, substances and chemicals (World travel & tourism council 2015). All of the
money spent on goods and services is an example of the multiplier effect. Multiplier
effect is an effect in economics that happens when an increase which is intended in an
investment which leads to a larger income. (Dictionary.com 2015). This huge income
gained by tourism can also be used for other projects like developing and fixing the
foundations of the country that is visited by tourists and in this way, many job
opportunities are generated by the tourism sector.

In addition to the increase in jobs, as the particular country or area increases in


popularity the income increases which helps to fix and develop the infrastructures, and
the places visited. According to Brown, O'Connor and Vinzi (2012), Infrastructures
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GED010

Tourism

Mohammad Fadi 5239898

include a countrys road network, sanitation standards, electricity supply, and number of
vehicles, Internet access, landline phone network and mobile phone network coverage
etc.

Projection of infrastructure requirement in J&K.

Table 1: Required infrastructure, 2015-2020


Source: Santek Consultants Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi
The infrastructure requirements Jammu and Kashmir are shown in the table above,
according to Mir (2015, p.596), it is stated that It is essential to put more stress on the
maintenance of existing tourist spots because tourists are attracted to a particular place
only if they feel that the arrangements being made at a tourist destination are sufficient
to satisfy them. According to Statista (2015), a study was conducted to find the most
developed infrastructures, Hong Kong is the global leader in overall infrastructure with
a value of 6.7 on a scale of 1 to 7. The scale ranges from 1 = underdeveloped and 7 =
extensively by international standards. According to Brown, O'Connor and Vinzi (2012),
it is found that a better infrastructure encourages tourism, infrastructure is the most
important factor more than the environment or the economy, and it is stated that a welldeveloped infrastructure does indeed cause harm to the environment, as we expected.
But a more developed society does not necessarily result in environmental
improvements, and a better environment does not seem to drive more tourism either. It
is concluded that if the infrastructures are more developed, it will cause better
communication, easier travel, and a healthier experience.

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GED010

Tourism

Mohammad Fadi 5239898

On the other hand, it is believed that tourism isnt a reliable source of income because
of many factors that affect it such as a single climatic disaster such as a hurricane or
crime waves such as the ones in south Africa (sky news 2015), or terrorist attacks such
as the attack on Luxor in 1997, where 58 tourists were attacked (BBC 2015), which will
mean that the market will be disrupted. Even without these factors, tourists have might
have different tastes every few years. However, it is argued that tourism has many
social benefits as it can offer pride for local communities. It allows local communities to
look at their history, and cultural heritage. This social advantage has saved many
heritages from complete redundancy.

It can be concluded that tourism has many benefits to society because it has increased
the popularity of many areas and countries all over the world which leads to an increase
in jobs, and an overall increase in the income of the country which helps to develop the
infrastructures which makes travel, communication, and healthy trips easier for people.
Tourism also helps local communities and empowers them with pride which ultimately
saves many cultures from perishing.

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Tourism

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Reference list:
BBC, (2015). BBC ON THIS DAY | 17 | 1997: Egyptian militants kill tourists at
Luxor.

[Online]

Available

at:

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/november/17/newsid_25190
00/2519581.stm [Accessed 5 Dec. 2015].
Brown, S., O'Connor, P. and Vinzi, V. (2015). Why are Some Countries more
Successful Tourist Destinations than Others? [Online] Knowledge.essec.edu.
Available

at:

http://knowledge.essec.edu/en/business-society/what-really-

makes-tourism-successful.html [Accessed 5 Dec. 2015].


Calvillo, M., Crestol, S., Forbes, B., Ghanbari, L., McCall, M., Mullins, J.,
Osifalujo, M., Park, E., Sullivan, K. and Tikiwala, P. (2014).

Current

Employment Statistics Highlights. 1st ed. [ebook] united states: U.S. Bureau
of Labor Statistics. Available at: http://www.bls.gov/ces/highlights112014.pdf
[Accessed 16 Nov. 2015].
Dictionary.com, (2015). The definition of multiplier effect. [Online] Available
at: http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/multiplier-effect [Accessed 16 Nov.
2015].
Mir, H.A. 2014,impact of tourism industry on economic development of
Jammu and Kashmir, international journal of scientific and engineering
research, vol. 5 issue-6, p.p. 592-598
Sky News, (2015). South Africa Has 49 Murders A Day, Stats Show. [Online]
Available

at:

http://news.sky.com/story/1560929/south-africa-has-49-

murders-a-day-stats-show [Accessed 5 Dec. 2015].


Soanes, C. and Stevenson, A. (2005). Oxford dictionary of English (3rd
edition). Oxford: Oxford University Press p.1880

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Tourism

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Statista, (2015). Global country ranking by quality of infrastructure 2015 |


Statistics.

[Online]

Available

at:

http://www.statista.com/statistics/264753/ranking-of-countries-according-tothe-general-quality-of-infrastructure/ [Accessed 5 Dec. 2015].


Travel & Tourism. (2015). 1st ed. [eBook] London: WTTC. Available at:
http://www.wttc.org/-/media/files/reports/economic%20impact
%20research/regional%202015/world2015.pdf [Accessed 16 Nov. 2015].
Travel effect. (2014). 1st ed. [eBook] New York: U.S. Travel Association, p.
single

page.

Available

at:https://www.ustravel.org/sites/default/files/page/2009/09/US_Travel_Answe
rSheet_June_2014.pdf [Accessed 16 Nov. 2015].

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GED010

Tourism

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Bibliography:

Abram, S., Waldren, J. and Macleod, D. (1997). Tourists and tourism. Oxford:
Berg.
BBC, (2015). BBC ON THIS DAY | 17 | 1997: Egyptian militants kill tourists at
Luxor.

[Online]

Available

at:

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/november/17/newsid_25190
00/2519581.stm [Accessed 5 Dec. 2015].
Brown, S., O'Connor, P. and Vinzi, V. (2015). Why are Some Countries more
Successful Tourist Destinations than Others? [Online] Knowledge.essec.edu.
Available

at:

http://knowledge.essec.edu/en/business-society/what-really-

makes-tourism-successful.html [Accessed 5 Dec. 2015].


Calvillo, M., Crestol, S., Forbes, B., Ghanbari, L., McCall, M., Mullins, J.,
Osifalujo, M., Park, E., Sullivan, K. and Tikiwala, P. (2014).

Current

Employment Statistics Highlights. 1st ed. [ebook] united states: U.S. Bureau
of Labor Statistics. Available at: http://www.bls.gov/ces/highlights112014.pdf
[Accessed 16 Nov. 2015].
Dictionary.com, (2015). The definition of multiplier effect. [Online] Available
at: http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/multiplier-effect [Accessed 16 Nov.
2015].
Mir, H.A. 2014,impact of tourism industry on economic development of
Jammu and Kashmir, international journal of scientific and engineering
research, vol. 5 issue-6, p.p. 592-598

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GED010

Tourism

Mohammad Fadi 5239898

Sharpley, R. (1994). Tourism, tourists & society. Huntingdon, Cambridge


shire: ELM Publications.
Simm, c. (2015). Positive & Negative Effects of Tourism. [Online] Travel Tips USA Today. Available at: http://traveltips.usatoday.com/positive-negativeeffects-tourism-63336.html [Accessed 16 Nov. 2015].
Sky News, (2015). South Africa Has 49 Murders A Day, Stats Show. [Online]
Available

at:

http://news.sky.com/story/1560929/south-africa-has-49-

murders-a-day-stats-show [Accessed 5 Dec. 2015].


Soanes, C. and Stevenson, A. (2005). Oxford dictionary of English (3rd
edition). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Statista, (2015). Global country ranking by quality of infrastructure 2015 |
Statistics.

[Online]

Available

at:

http://www.statista.com/statistics/264753/ranking-of-countries-according-tothe-general-quality-of-infrastructure/ [Accessed 5 Dec. 2015].


Travel & Tourism. (2015). 1st ed. [eBook] London: WTTC. Available at:
http://www.wttc.org/-/media/files/reports/economic%20impact
%20research/regional%202015/world2015.pdf [Accessed 16 Nov. 2015].
Travel effect. (2014). 1st ed. [eBook] New York: U.S. Travel Association, p.
single

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at:https://www.ustravel.org/sites/default/files/page/2009/09/US_Travel_Answe
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Unep.org, (2015). Negative Economic Impacts of Tourism. [Online] Available
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[Accessed

Dec. 2015].

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