University of Technology Ho Chi

Minh
Office of International Training
***

EAP TOPIC

Effect of emission and

environment
MADE BY
Name: Nguyen The Nhut
Class: Intermediate 2
ID student: 1412778
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Table of contents
1 Introduce.........................................3
2 Definition........................................3
3 Problems.........................................4
4 Solutions.........................................5
5 Evaluations.....................................5
6 Resources........................................6

1 Introduce
These days, environment pollution has become more and more serious in Viet Nam. Daily, we
can easily get a lot of information and pictures which concern this problem on mass media.
Unfortunately, according to the summary of the global environment report from United Nation
Environment Programmer (UNEP), Ho Chi Minh City is one of the most polluted cities all over
the world. On the one hand, as we all know emission is the main major which causes
environmental problem. Moreover, there is a large amount of emission release on the
environment and it has increasing trend over the period the time. We, as human being, have to
solve this big problem. This paper will discuss the issue of emission in Ho Chi Minh City and
suggest some solutions to these problems.

2 Definition
Emissivity is defined as emission is substances that due to the nature and characteristics of their
abilities, they can be harmful to human health and / or environment of human beings. These
quality requirements of the special processing techniques are to eliminate or reduce its hazardous
properties (canda, 2014). On the other hand, the emission is defined as "external radioactive
waste and medical waste, hazardous waste (solid, liquid, semi-solid, semi-solid, gas), but due to
chemical, toxic, explosive, corrosive or other characteristics are harmful or potentially harmful to
human health or the environment itself or be exposed to other wastes. (Nations, 1985). Today,
the development of social infrastructure requires a large amount of plant material from the
factory. This inadvertently led to the explosion gliding discharge into the environment.
Environmental problems become more serious. Ho Chi Minh City has the largest number of
industrial establishments in Vietnam (10,000 to 12,000) (Phuoc, 2010). According to an annual
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survey program, Ho Chi Minh City daily estimates generated approximately 350-500 tons of
toxic waste from industrial production and 9-12 tons of hazardous waste health. With the
development of waste annually is from 10% -12%, forecast to 2015 the volume of hazardous
waste industry forecasts about 400,000 tons / year (Phuoc, 2010). Most of hazardous chemicals
emitted from factories, transport incense, excess pesticides in agricultural production process
leach into the soil and then they evaporate to form clouds caused phenomena such as: acid rain
or greenhouse effect.... So how many types of emission are there in the world? We can mention
the following reasons: oxide gas: CO, CO2, Sox, NOx ... halogen compounds: HF, HCl,
photochemical air, HBr, O3, PAN .Another one is the smell of dew...noise, heat, radiation....
these gases was discharged from the following activities:
+ Features: Due to the natural phenomenon caused: volcano, fire.... Synthesis of polluting
elements of natural origin huge but relatively evenly distributed throughout the world, not set
centered on an area. During the development process, people have adapted to these sources.
+ Industry: This is the largest source of human pollution. This process is polluting fossil fuels
such as coal and oil, gas created when CO2, CO, SO2, NOx, and the unburnt organic
compounds: carbon black holes, dust and gas heat leakage. Features the same concentration of
toxic industrial sources often concentrated in a small space. Depending on process technology,
production scale, the input of natural resources, waste discharged hazardous substances and
dosage will vary.
+ Transport: This is a significant source of air pollution, especially in urban areas and residential
areas. The process creates air pollutants is the fuel burning engines: CO, CO2, SOx, NOx,
CH4 .... rock dust entrained in the process of moving. -0utConsidering the media, the
concentration of each pollutant is relatively small, but if a large volume of traffic or road is not
good, it will cause serious pollution to the environment along the street.
+ Activities: pollution is relatively small, active mainly used for cooking fuel, but especially
pollution family or household few localities, the area around the house. The actors are mostly
Carbon Monoxide, dust, emissions from factories, vehicles ....

3 Problem
World Health Organization ( WHO) has warned of environmental pollution, especially air
pollution which is existing in many countries around the world. Unexpectedly, Vietnam is one of
the countries in which the alarm list. In the same time, according to the 2012 Environmental
Performance Index released at the 2012 World Economic Forum in Davos, Viet Nam is one of
the ten countries with the worst air pollution among 132 countries whose environments were
surveyed in relation to effects on human health. A lot of emissions are spread on the environment
and has an increasing trend; especially carbon dioxide is the main major which pollutes the
environment. In fact, according to World Meteorological Organization(WMO,2014), the amount
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of carbon dioxide gas (CO2) which causes the greenhouse effect in the atmosphere has
increased by a record in 2013. 2013, global CO2 emissions which are the main cause of the
warming of the Earth reaching 396 ppm, 2.9 ppm and increasing compared to 2012 and is the
largest annual increase in 30 years . Unfortunately, CO2 emissions throughout the country of
Vietnam has increased from 14 million tons of CO2 in 1980 to 80 million tons of CO2 in 2005,
in which emissions from the transport sector has doubled from 14% to 25% (Shrestha, 2009).
There are three factors that include: economic development, population growth, energy intensity
of traffic are responsible for increasing CO2 emissions in Vietnam.. The bigger problem
concerning emission is human health. CO2 increases risk of early death, primarily in the elderly
and people have heart or lung disease. On the other hand, NOx which decreases in lung
function, resulting in difficulty breathing, shortness of breath, and other symptoms. Emissions
which cause air pollution can greatly impact human health, especially respiratory tract. The study
results showed that when the air environment is polluted, the people's health declined, and lung
function decline, causing respiratory diseases and reducing life time. Moreover, it dangerously
can cause lung cancer. According to statistics from the Ministry of Health, in recent years, the
respiratory disease has the highest incidence in the country and one of the reasons is due to air
pollution. The urban air pollution proportion of respiratory diseases is many times higher than
other municipalities. Ho Chi Minh City is an area with a high proportion of respiratory disease is
many times higher than other municipalities. Moreover, TB rate in Ho Chi Minh accounts for the
highest percentage nationwide.
.

4 Solution
First, the state and the government should pay more attention to the emissions problems; they
need to impose strong policy for the industry, factories, industrial and transportation. In addition
to building a comprehensive system of environmental management in factories and enterprises
with international standards to minimize harmful emissions because this is one of the many
sources of emissions in the world. A different optimization method is that people early need to
use of clean energy sources that scientists have studied and put into production, such as solar
energy, wind energy. Results of the study were to draw up a picture of the world in which power
is the key to all human activities with 90% of electricity is generated from wind and sunlight.
The remaining 10% is contributed by the earth's heat (geothermal), hydro, wave and tidal
(Delucci, 2011). For commuter transportation needs of people, cars, motorcycles, boats and
trains will be operated by electricity and hydrogen, while the aircraft will be pumped full of
liquid hydrogen. Finally, the simplest solution that people can do in the present, which is the use
of public transport such as buses, trains or vehicles using clean fuels such as hydrogen or electric
vehicle

5 Evaluation
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For the first solution, if we accomplish it successfully, we can minimize emissions to the
environment because most of emissions originate from here. However, its implementation is very
difficult because the development of one country depends heavily on the industry and
technology, so the plants toxic waste into the environment is inevitable. For the second solution,
good point is that we are not toxic waste into the environment as well as to avoid further
dependence on fossil fuels. The idea is that, but the implementation is facing some problems.
Moreover, various properties of geography are as well as a significant obstacle. Besides the
different nature of geography are as well as a significant obstacle. In areas with less wind or less
sun, we cannot deploy the power plants that produce energy from the leads to the "fertile"
more. "The system uses 100% wind, water and sun, we cannot use the normal method to meet
energy needs. We must build the system "super network" with remote coverage and the ability to
manage the transfer of energy between regions ". (Delucci, 2011) .Finally, this is the simplest
solution that can be implemented. This solution helps us avoid wasting fuel and avoid traffic
jams or traffic congestion. But there is a minus point is that people are not conscious of
environmental protection, people will not be able to do all the time when using public transport
leads to a lot of inconvenience on time .The means using energy clean it with the utility and
limitations of distance, some means must have time to research and produce. Environmental
protection has been and will be a matter of urgency of the times, is a matter of national survival,
of mankind. This is an extremely complex widespread problem and requires to resolve quickly
with the close coordination, synchronization and frequency of every individual, every
community, every nation and all humanity in all activities and sectors of human life. Protecting
environmental is also the protection of our own lives and that of future generations

6 Resources

Bibliography
Canada, 2014. nh ngha kh thi. TP HO CHI MINH:
http://moitruongvietco.vn/ TP HO CHI MINH.
Delucci, M., 2011. World with 100% clean energy - not too distant future.
california: Standford University.
Nations, E.P.o.t.U., 1985. report. Environment Program of the United Nations.
Organization, W.M., 2013. emission report. Ho Chi Minh.
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Phuoc, N.V., 2010. bo co v kh thi. website. Ho Chi Minh:

moitruong.xaydung.vn.
SGGP, 2011. emission definition.
Shrestha, A., 2009. Why CO2 emissions in the transport sector increased in Asia?
The fundamentals and policy options". Scientific report. Ho Chi Minh: World
Bank.