EXPERIMENT

PURPOSE
REAGENT
RESULT
A. General Test for Carbohydrates 0.1% aetic acid (CH 3COOH
A. Spotting Effect
Presence of lipids
Methylene Chloride
Translucent
Molisch Test
Test for carbohydrates
Molisch Reagent
Purple
Conc.
Sulfuric
acid (Hether,
2SO4)
B. Solubility
Soluble or Insoluble
Methylene
chloride,
toluene,
Soluble or Insoluble
water, veg.oil, lecithin
Iodine Test
Polysaccharide, starch
C. Bromine Water Test
Test for Unsaturation
B. Comparative Test Reactions of Carbohydrates
Fehlings Test
D. Acroline Test
Benedicts Test
E. Extraction of Brain Lipids

Reducing sugars, aldehydes,

Glycerol or fats
Reducing sugars

Iodine solution
Blue black
Methylene chloride, bromine water
Fehlings reagent (Fehlings A and
B)
Potassium bisulfate
Benedicts Reagent
Ether
Acetone

F. Detection of Brain Lipids

Molisch Test

Carbohydrates

C. Specific Test For Carbohydrates

Molischs reagent
Conc. Sulfuric Acid

Red
Acrid odor
Brick Red
Residue B
(-)
Blue
Residue C
(+) Decant A
Green

<0.1%
0.5%

(++)

Yellow

1.0%

(+++)

Orange

2.0%

(++++)
Brick red
Purple ring

>2.0%

Barfoeds Test
Ninhydrin Test

Monosaccharides, glucose
Primary and secondary amines

Barfoeds reagent
0.1 % ninhydrin reagent

Brick Red Precipitate

Violet blue

Soda Lime
Test
Seliwanoffs
Test

Acid
or base,distinguish
amino groups
Ketoses,
aldose from
ketose
Phosphate group
Pentoses

Soda lime reagent

Seliwanoffs

Light Red
pink litmus
or red paper to blue

Ammonium Molybdate Test

Bials Orcinol Test

6N Nitric Acid
Ammonium reagent
Molybdate
Seliwanoffs

Yellow precipitate
Blue

Mucic Acid Test

Galactose

Nitric Acid

Crystal formation

Osazone Formation

Sugar

Sodium Acetate (CH3COONa)

Phenylhydrazine hydrochloride
crystals

Crystal formation

Leibermann Burchard Test

Cholesterol, steroids

Methylene chloride
Acetic anhydride
Conc. Sulfuric acid

Pink, blue, purple, green

Color, pH, Specific Gravity

Physical examination of urine

Biuret Test

Protein, albumin

10% Sodium Hydroxide

10% Copper Sulfate

Red or violet

Benedicts Test

Glucose

Benedicts solution

(-)

No change color

(+)

Green sol with yellow ppt

(++)

Yellow sol with yellow ppt

(+++)

Orange sol with yellow

ppt

(++++)

Orange brick red ppt

Legals Test

Ketone Bodies

Sodium hydroxide
Sodium Nitroprusside solution
Glatial acetic acid

Violet or Red :acetone

Red: alcohol, acetic acid, di acetic
acid

Gmelins Test

Urobilinogen or Bile Pigmentation

Conc. Nitric acid

Yellow nitrous acid

Green, blue, violet, red and yellow

Guaiac Test

Occult blood

Guaiac solution
Old oil of turpentine

Blue green ring interface

Light or dark blue ring interface
Blue solution

Electrolytes
a. Flame Test
b. Silver Nitrate Test

Sodium ions
Chloride ions: protein, albumin

3M Hydrochloric acid
3M Nitric Acid
0.1M Silver Nitrate

Yellow flame
White