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Cellular Physiology
a. Describe the cell membrane and its properties.
b. Describe the functions of mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and other
organelles.
Plasma membrane semipermeable lipid bilayer 7.5nm thick
phospholipids, cholesterol
proteins
structural
pumps
active ion/molecule transport
channels
receptors
clathrins cluster to endocytose bound ligands
insulin & other peptides, lipoproteins, viruses
enzymes
intercellular connections
tight junctions
desmosomes
belt with bands of filaments containing actin
spot central stratum of filaments
hemi- epithelial cell to connective tissue
gap junctions
connexons allow molecules up to 800d to pass
rise in Ca2+ closes
Cytoplasm
Golgi complex
vesicles secretory granules
Endoplasmic reticulum (rough and smooth)
RNA protein transcription in ribosomes
glycosylation of proteins
formation of vesicles and lysosomes
Lipid droplets
Lysosomes
merge with (auto-)phagocytic vacuoles and release
ribonuclease, deoxy~, phosphatase, glycosidases, arylsulfatases,
collagenase, cathespins
release of enzymes into the cell causes damage in vit A toxicity, ?gout
enzyme defects cause lysosomal storage disorders
Mitochondria
separate DNA (female lineage)
outer and inner membrane with cristae
operate the citric acid cycle cellular respiration ATP
Secretory granules
Centrioles
2 cylinders and right angles near nucleus
made of 9x3 microtubules
form the mitotic spindle in cell division
Microfilaments
long fibres of actin 4-6nm diameter operate microvilli and attach to belt
desmosomes
Microtubules
25nm diameter tubules made of and tubulin (5nm thick)
maintain cell shape, constantly form and disassemble
Cilia
Cellular metabolism
1.A.1
ATPase
ATP
1.A.2
ClHCO3HPO421.A.3
117 mEq/l
27
2
James Mitchell (December 24, 2003)
Mg2+ 3
SO421
org acid 6
protein 2
plus H2CO3 and non-electolytes
Plasma (5%)
Na+ 152 mEq/l
K+
5
2+
Ca
5
Mg2+ 3
Cl113 mEq/l
HCO327
2HPO4
2
SO421
org acid 6
protein 16
plus H2CO3 and non-electolytes
Cellular metabolism
1.A.4