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nstrumentation , Cathodic Protection and Information Technology.
1
GENERAL DESIGN STANDARD & GUIDELINES
.
Electrical Service Distribution Systems
The electrical distribution system meets the requirements of the International &
Local Standards Codes. Paying particular attention to the requirements of providing
emergency power; - emergency power to end life safety devices shall be provided
from the emergency power source as an unbroken distribution system separate from
the normal distribution system.
Sub Distribution Panels
Design of MDP (Main Distribution Panel), PDB (Power Distribution Board), LDB
(Lighting & Small Power distribution Board) and External Lighting Panels including
incoming & out going circuit breaker, Energy Analyzer, measuring & indicating
components, open type starters (to be fixed inside MCC), magnetic contactor,
auxiliary contacts for remote control switching, Automatic combination motor starter
(D.O.L.) with overload protection built into the circuit breaker, Star delta starter with
line, delta and star contactor and soft starters as per load conditions.
Medium Voltage Distribution Systems
A medium voltage distribution system is be designed typically utilizing a loopedprimary circuit served from a single source, with switching installed to provide a
means of isolating a failed cable section while providing power to all loads in the
loop. Switchgear shall utilize draw-out type vacuum breakers. Looped-primary
equipment at each building shall typically consist of looped unfused switch cubicles,
fused transformer primary disconnect switches, dry-type transformers, secondary
meters, and secondary distribution enclosures, all installed indoors in a dedicated
electrical
room.
Specialized field testing of medium voltage cabling and equipment shall be
recommended by independent testing specialists
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t clients across multiple markets (Local / International).This company has been formed to provide integrated and coordinated engineering des
nstrumentation , Cathodic Protection and Information Technology.
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Circuit Analysis
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Electrical Formulas
Introduction:
Schedule of Loads
Ck
t
2
3
Ratin
g
Per
Load Ph outlet
L.O.
L.O.
L.O.
1
1
100
VA
100
VA
100
VA
No.
of
Outle
ts
12
9
6
VA
1,20
0
900
600
Volt
s
220
220
220
Amp
s
5.45
4.09
2.73
Wire
#14
TW
#14
TW
#14
TW
CB
15
AT,
1P
plugin
15
AT,
1P
plugin
15
AT,
1P
Con
d.
dia.
dia.
dia.
C.O
180
VA
10
1,80
0
12
2,16
0
8.18
#12
TW
220
9.82
#12
TW
220
C.O
180
VA
ACU
2.5
HP
2331
220
10.6
0
#10
TW
ACU
2.5
HP
2331
220
10.6
0
#10
TW
2.5
HP
220
10.6
0
#10
TW
5000
W
220
22.7
1
#8
TW
ACU
Rang
e
Load
2331
5000
plugin
20
AT,
1P
plugin
30
AT,
1P
plugin
30
AT,
1P
plugin
30
AT,
1P
plugin
30
AT,
1P
plugin
80
AT,
1P
plugin
dia.
dia.
dia.
dia.
dia.
1.0
dia.
Schedule of Loads
Schedule of loads are just a summary of data to easily identify and facilitate
the necessary values and equipment rating to be used in any electrical
installation. Any data given in the schedule of loads were backed by
calculation based on a well settled electrical principles and code
requirements.
Computations
Circuit 1:
I = 1,200 VA/ 220 V = 5.45 Ampere
Wire = 5.45 / 80% = 6.82 Amperes , Use 2.0 sqmm TW wire or #14
AWG [1]
Circuit Breaker = Use 15 A plugin type Circuit Breaker
Conduit = Use 1/2" diameter PVC conduit.
Circuit 2:
I = 900 VA/ 220 V = 4.09 Ampere
Wire = 4.09/ 80%= 5.11 Amperes , Use 2.0 sqmm TW wire or #14 AWG
Circuit Breaker = Use 15 A plugin type Circuit Breaker
Conduit = Use 1/2" diameter PVC conduit.
Circuit 3:
I = 600 VA/ 220 V = 2.72 Ampere
Wire = 2.72/ 80%= 3.41 Amperes , Use 2.0 sqmm TW wire or #14 AWG
Circuit Breaker = 6.82 Amperes, Use 15 A plugin type Circuit Breaker
Conduit = Use 1/2" diameter PVC conduit.
Circuit 4:
I = 1,800 VA/ 220 V = 8.18 Ampere
Wire = 8.18/ 80%= 10.23 Amperes , Use 3.5 sqmm TW wire or #12 AWG
Circuit Breaker = 20.45 Amperes, Use 20 A plugin type Circuit Breaker
Conduit = Use 3/4" diameter PVC conduit.
Circuit 5:
I = 2,160 VA/ 220 V = 9.82 Ampere
Wire = 9.82/ 80% = 12.27 Amperes , Use 3.5 sqmm TW wire or #12 AWG
Circuit Breaker = Use 20 A plugin type Circuit Breaker
Conduit = Use 3/4" diameter PVC conduit.
Circuit 6-8:
VA = [ 2.5 HP x ( 746 Watts/ HP ) ] / 0.8 pf (assume 0.8 pf)
VA = 2331 VA
I = 2,331 VA/ 220 V = 10.60 Ampere
Wire = 10.60 x 125% = 13.24 Amperes , Use 3.5 sqmm TW wire or #12
AWG [2]
Circuit Breaker = 5.45 x 250% = 26.5 Amperes, Use 30 A plugin type
Circuit Breaker [3]
Conduit = Use 3/4" diameter PVC conduit.
Circuit 9:
VA = 5000 W / 1.0 pf (heating load is a resistive load w/ 100% pf)
VA = 5,000 VA
I = 5, 000 VA/ 220 V = 22.72 Ampere
Wire = 22.71 / 80% = 28.41 Amperes , Use 8.0 sqmm TW wire or #8 AWG
Circuit Breaker = Use 40 A plugin type Circuit Breaker
Conduit = Use 1.0" diameter PVC conduit.
Main Feeder
By inspection:
Continuous loads = 9,963 VA or 45.29 A @ 220V (lighting loads and ACU)
Non- Continuous = 8, 960 VA or 40.72 @ 220V (conv. outlet & range load)
Total Loads
= 19, 923 VA
Main Feeder Current = (45.29 x 100% ) + (40.72 x 125%) = 96.19
Amperes [4]
Use 50 sqmm TW cable as main feeder or service entrance wire
Use 100 Ampere MCCB, 1 pole - 10 kAIC*
note: 10 kAIC is just an assumed value, we need short circuit
calculation to determine the right specs of the OCPD to be used in
this example
Rules Applied:
1. NEC 210-9a - Maximum to be served by branch circuit must not be less
than 80% of the ampacity of the condutor
2. NEC 430 -22 = The size of the wire supplying motorized load shall not be
less than 125% of the rated full load current of the motor.
3. NEC 430- 52 = The size of the branch circuit protection for motor loads
shall not be greater than 250% of motor full load current for CB and 300% for
non-time delay fuses on full voltage starting.
References:
1. National Electrical Code 2011 (Handbook)
2. CESEEPS Red Book, Low Voltage Systems and Applications in the
Industries
3. General Electric Circuit Breaker Catalogue
2 comments:
1.
SIBIL17 August 2015 at 05:42
Thank you
Reply
2.
Alberto Montero4 February 2016 at 16:33
NEC sizing rules. Secs. 210-22(c), 220-3(a), 220-10(b), and 384-16(c) all
relate to the sizing rules for overcurrent protective devices (OCPDs). The first
three
all
specify
the
same
requirement:
OCPD size = 100% of noncontinuous load + 125% of continuous load.
According to this, Main Feeder Current = (45.29 x 125% ) + (40.72 x 100%)
= 97.23 A.
Reply
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Let's evaluate the configuration of critical system / supply with the diagrams:
Tier I
Components capacity to support IT load is 100%
Single distribution path
Rack power < 1kW Multi-points of failure and human errors
Schedule maintenance twice per annum last for 12 hours
Availability 99.67%, annual down time max. 28.8 hours
Tier II
Components capacity to support IT load is N+1
Redundant for critical components
Single distribution path
Rack power < 2kW
Multi-points of failure and human errors
Schedule maintenance 3 times every 2 years each 12 hours
Availability 99.75%, annual down time max. 22 hours
Tier III
Components capacity to support IT load is N+1
Redundant for all components and distribution path
Allow concurrent maintenance
Rack power > 3kW
Require MV supply (11kV in Hong Kong)
Some failure points and human errors
Schedule maintenance not required
Availability 99.98%, annual down time max. 96 mins (Depends on the Situation)
Tier IV
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Based on project scope and requirements, the deliverables list could be different. Specification for
DCS & Safe guarding, specification for field instruments (pressure transmitter, temperature
transmitter, orifice plate, ultrasonic flow meter, level gauge, etc), standard drawing for
instrument, alarm and trip setting, cause and effect, instrument cable schedule, instrument data
sheet, control panel list, instrument tie-in list, instrument loop diagram, main signal block
diagram, functional logic diagram, instrument cable/tray routing layout, instrument input/output
list, instrument hookup drawing, GA drawings for instruments, instrument location plan, junction
box termination drawing, requisition for analyzer system, requisition for field instruments,
requisition for instrument cables, construction requisition for instruments are the deliverable list
of
instrumentation
engineering.
As I described in the above diagram, specification for field instruments, DCS & Safeguarding
systems, instrument standard drawing has to be completed prior to prepare the requisitions and
inquiry report for field instruments, cables, etc. Single line diagram can be prepared when
instrument cable schedules are available. Instrument location plan drawing can be started to
prepare when the instrument hook-up drawing and main cable routing plan's information are
available.
In electrical engineering, the deliverables list could comprise of electrical standard drawings,
electrical specification, calculation sheet for power motor/lighting, electrical utility data,
hazardous area classification, HV/LV motor control diagram, protection and metering key
diagram, single line diagram for emergency systems, block diagrams for control system, cable
connection diagram, electrical data sheet for motor, cable, Layout GA drawing, cable trench GA
drawing, GA & Cable schedule for MV/LV switchboard, lighting GA drawing, main cable routing
plan, earthing layout, electrical tie-in list, requisition for HV/LV switchboards, requisition for HV/LV
switchgear, requisition for lighting fixture and construction requisition for electrical work.
The above net work diagram shows the electrical utility data (power requirement) document can
be produced when the input information of electrical calculation data and mechanical
equipment's power data are available. The input of electrical single line diagram drawing is the
hazardous area classification. Lighting GA drawing can be produced when main cable routing
plans are available. Field electrical materials such as lighting fixture, cables, HV/LV switchgear
and switchboard can be purchased when the technical/commercial bid analysis are finalized and
purchased order are issued.
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