CE 14 Solid Mechanics (Lecture 5) PDF

1/23/2011
Lecture 5
LECTURE 5 TOPICS
I. Beam Deflections

Introduction
Method of Superposition
Virtual Work Principle for Rigid Bodies
Virtual Work Method for Deflections
Castiglianos Theorem for Deflections
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Lecture 5
Beam Deflections
Recall in ES 13
1. Double Integration Method

2. Area Moment Method
In CE 14
1. Method of Superposition
2. Method of Virtual Work
3. Castiglianos Theorem for Beam Deflections
4. Conjugate Beam Method
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Lecture 5-1
Beam Deflections by Superposition

Consider the beam shown below,
FBD:
w
3L/2
M=
5wL2/18
L/3
y
x
V = wL/3
The deflection at any point along the beam using DIM,
Due to M
Due to V
Due to w
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Note that the deflection is the algebraic sum of the
contributions from each applied load.

Therefore, the
deflection of a beam is the sum of the deflections produced
by the individual loads. This makes the superposition
method very useful when solving deflections.
Due to M
Due to V
Due to w
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Example 1
4wL/25
Determine the deflection at the

free end given the following:
w = 800 lb/ft,
L = 6 ft,
E = 30 x 106 psi and
I = 100 in4.
A
3L/2
C
L
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Example 1
Beam 1
Solution:
Step 1: Breakdown Given Beam

Given Beam
4wL/25
C
A1
A
C
A
A
Beam 2
B
3L/2
4wL/25
L
A2
Required: A = A1 + A 2

Example 1
Beam 1
Solution:
Step 2: Apply Superposition

For Beam 1:
1. Get B and B
A1
Formulas: Case 2
A
4
B =
wL
8 EI
wL3
B =
6 EI
3L/2
A-B: Straight Segment

(zero internal moment)
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Example 1
Beam 1
Solution:

For Beam 1:
1. Get B and B
Formulas: Case 2
wL3
wL4
B =
B =
6 EI
8EI
A1 d
A
3L/2
2. Compute for d
tan B B =

d
(small angles)
3L 2
wL4
wL3 3L
d = ( B )(3L 2) =
=
4 EI
6 EI 2

Example 1
Beam 1
Solution:

For Beam 1:
3. Solve for A1
A1 = B + d
wL4 wL4
=
+
8 EI 4 EI
=
3 wL4
8 EI
A1 d
A
3L/2

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Example 1
Beam 2
Solution:
4wL/25

For Beam 2:
A2
Formula: Case 1
max =
PL3
3EI
A
3L/2
But
4wL
25
3L
=
+ L = 2 .5 L
2
Pactual =
Lactual
A2 =
(4 wL 25)(2.5L )3
3EI
4
5 wL
6 EI

Example 1
Given Beam
Solution:
4wL/25
Total Deflection:
A = A1 + A 2
3 wL4 5 wL4
=
+
8 EI 6 EI
4
3 5 (800 (1 12 ))(6 12)
=
6
(30 x10 )(100)
8 6
= 0.722"
A = 0.722"
A
A
B
3L/2
Deflection at Free End
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Example 2
w
wL2/2

left end C. EI is constant.
C
L/2
L/2

Given Beam
B
A
Example 2
Solution:
wL2/2

C
Applying Method of Sections at
A-A and B-B

A
M=
wL2/2
wL2/2
C
V=0
A
FBD Just to Left

of Roller A
L/2
B
V=
wL/2
A
M=
wL2/2
V=0
A
B
B
M=
wL2/8
Beam Segment A-B
L
A
L/2
B
B
V=
wL/2
M=
wL2/8
B
FBD Just to Right

of Hinge B
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Given Beam
B
A
Example 2
Solution:
wL2/2

C
Simplify all beam segments
L/2
L/2
A
wL2/2
M=
wL2/2
V=
wL/2
A
D
M=
wL2/8
Beam 1
Beam 4
Beam AB
Right End replaced

with Fixed Support
due to M
Left End replaced

with Fixed Support
due to M

Given Beam
B
A
Example 2
Solution:
wL2/2

M=
wL2/2
Beam 2
L/2
L
A
L/2
B
w
wL2/2
V=
wL/2
Beam 1
Beam 4
Beam 3
M=
wL2/8
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Given Beam
B
A
Example 2
Solution:
wL2/2

Only beams 1, 2 and 3
will have an effect on
left end deflection.
M=
wL2/2
Beam 2
L/2
L/2
A
A
wL2/2
V=
wL/2
Beam 1
Beam 4
B
M=
wL2/8
Beam 3
Beam 4 will not contribute

to the deflection of left end
due to fixed support.

Given Beam
Example 2
Solution:
wL2/2

C
Consider beams 1, 2, and 3
L/2
wL2/2
1
C
2
C
M=
wL2/2
z
Beam 1
Therefore, deflection at C:
L/2
V=
wL/2
A
Beam 2
C = 1 + 2 + 3
3
C
z
A
M=
wL2/8
Beam 3
NOTE: Shear force V will not
contribute to left end deflection.
V goes directly to hinge B.
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Example 2
Solution:
For Beam 1
Formula: Case 4
max =
L/2
wL2/2
1
ML2
2 EI
But
wL2
2
L
=
2
Beam 1
Lactual
(wL 2)(L 2)
M actual =
1 =
2 EI
4
1 =
wL
16 EI
wL4
16 EI

Example 2
Solution:
Formula: Case 8
For Beam 2
=
M = L/2
wL2/2
z
2
But
A
L
(wL 2)(L )
2
2 =
Consider the triangle
tan 2 2 = 2
L2
2 = 2 (L 2)
wL2
2
=L
M actual =
Lactual
Beam 2
ML
3EI
3EI
wL3
6 EI
= (wL3 6 EI )( L 2 )
wL4
2 =
12 EI
12
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Example 2
Solution:
Formula: Case 8
For Beam 3
L/2
3
C
V=
wL/2
But
A
Lactual
(wL 8)(L ) =
2
3 =
Beam 3
Consider the triangle
tan 3 3 = 3
L2
3 = 3 ( L 2 )
wL2
8
=L
M actual =
M=
wL2/8
ML
6 EI
6 EI
= (wL3 48EI )( L 2 )
wL4
3 =
96 EI
wL3
48EI

Given Beam
Example 2
Solution:
wL2/2

C
Compute deflection at C
C = 1 + 2 + 3
1 =
C =
wL4
16 EI
C
L/2
2 =
wL4
12 EI
3 =
A
L
L/2
wL4
96 EI
wL4
wL4
wL4
+
+
16 EI 12 EI 96 EI
C =
5 wL4
32 EI
Deflection at Left End
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Example 3
w
Determine the deflection at a

point midway between the
supports of the beam in terms
of w, L, E and I.
wL2/16
A
C
L/3

Given Beam
A
w
Example 3
Solution:
Applying Method of Sections at
wL2/16
A
C
L/3
A-A
A
A
V=0
V=0
wL2/16
A
B
M=
A wL2/16
Beam Segment A-B
M=
wL2/16 A
FBD Just to Right

of Roller B
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Given Beam
A
w
Example 3
Solution:
Simplify all beam segments
wL2/16
A
C
L/3
L
A
w
wL2/16
A
B
M=
wL2/16
Beam 3
Left End replaced
with Fixed Support
due to M
Beam Segment A-B

Given Beam
A
w
Example 3
Solution:
wL2/16
A
C
L/3
Beam 1
B
wL2/16
C
Beam 2
Beam 3
M=
wL2/16
Left End replaced

with Fixed Support
due to M
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Given Beam
A
w
Example 3
Solution:
wL2/16
A
C
L/3
Beam 1
B
wL2/16
C
Beam 2
Beam 3
Beam 3 will not contribute to
the deflection at a point
midway between supports.
M=
wL2/16

Given Beam
A
w
Example 3
Solution:
wL2/16
A
C
L/3
L
A
w
A
Beam 1
Therefore, at mid-supports:
Beam 2
B
M=
wL2/16
mid = 1 + 2
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Example 3
Solution:
For Beam 1
Formula: Case 7
center =
w
A
B
1
5wL4
384 EI
So
1 =
5wL4
384 EI
5wL4
384 EI
Beam 1

Example 3
Solution:
For Beam 2
Formula: Case 8
center = +
A
B
M=
wL2/16
ML2
16 EI
So
(wL
16)L2
wL4
=
16 EI
256 EI
2
2 = +
Beam 2
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Given Beam
Example 3
Solution:
wL2/16

Compute deflection at mid-supports
mid = 1 + 2
1 =
mid =
5wL4
384 EI
2 =
mid
L
C
L/3
wL4
256 EI
7 wL4
5wL4
wL4
=
+
768 EI
384 EI 256 EI
mid =
7 wL4
768EI
Deflection at Mid-Supports
Lecture 5-2
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Principle of Virtual Work

Consider a body in equilibrium,
Work Done Virtual Work
P3
P2
From the principle of conservation
of energy, the virtual change in
external work is equal to the virtual
change in the internal elements of a
body.
For Rigid Bodies:

P1
For Deformable Bodies:

(for elastic systems)

Application: Deformation at Point A
Steps:
1. Apply virtual force P
at the point in
consideration and
along the required
direction.
2. Apply the real loads.
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From the figure,
For practical purposes:
Therefore,

From the figure,
where,
- real deflection of a
point in the direction of
the applied virtual unit
force
u - internal forces
caused by virtual unit
force
dL - real deformation
of a body
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For beams,
VIRTUAL
REAL
M
dx
Therefore, for a virtual couple Q = 1
dx
Similarly, for a virtual force P = 1

Procedure for Analysis:
STEP 1: Set-up Virtual Moment, m
Place a virtual unit load on the beam at the point and directed along
the deflection.
If the slope is to be determined, place a virtual unit couple moment
at the point.
Establish appropriate x coordinate/s.
With the virtual load in place and all the real loads removed from
the beam, calculate the internal moment, m, as a function of x.
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STEP 2: Set-up Real Moment, M
Using the same x coordinate/s, determine the internal moment M
caused by the real loads.

The moment function M should have the same positive direction
as the moment function m.
STEP 3: Solve Virtual Work Equation

Apply the equation of virtual work to determine the desired
deflection or slope.
If the virtual work equation yields a positive value, the deflection or
slope is in the same direction as the virtual unit load or couple,

respectively. Negative value means opposite direction.

Example 1
w
Given: Cantilever Beam with

Uniform Load w and Length L.
EI is constant.
B
L
Determine:
The deflection at point B of the
beam shown.
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Example 1
Actual Beam
w
Solution:
Step 1: Set-up Virtual Moment, m
Required is B. Place a unit load at B.
B
L
Define coordinate axis, x

Set-up moment function, m
1. Using Singularity Functions

Virtual Loads
2. Using Method of Sections
Using Singularity Functions:
m = 1 x 0
1
m = 1 x = 1( x ) = x
B
L
x is always positive. Singularity can be removed.

Example 1
Actual Beam
w
Solution:
Required is B. Place a unit load at B.
B
L


Virtual Loads
Using Method of Sections:
M = 0
m = x
0 = 1x + m
v
m
B
x
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Example 1
Actual Beam
w
Solution:
Step 2: Set-up Real Moment, M
Use the same coordinate axis, x
B
L
Set-up moment function, M

Real Loads
M =
M =
w
x0
2
w 2
w 2
wx 2
x = (x) =
2
2
2
B
L
x is always positive. Singularity can be removed.

Example 1
Actual Beam
w
Solution:
B
L

Using Method of Sections:
x
0 = wx + M
2 2
wx
M =
2
Real Loads
M = 0
x
w
M
B
x
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Example 1
Actual Beam
w
Solution:
Step 3: Virtual Work Equation
B
A
mM
B
dx
L
EI
L
( x )( wx 2 2)
B =
dx
EI
0
L
L
wx 3
wx 4
=
dx =
8EI 0
0 2 EI
4
Deflection is positive. Therefore, the assumed
wL
=
downwards virtual unit load is correct. Deflection
8EI
is in the same direction as the virtual unit load.
B =

Example 2
P

Concentrated Load P and
Length L. EI is constant.
B
L/2
L/2
Determine:
The slope at point B of the beam
shown.
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Example 2
Actual Beam
P
Solution:
Required is B. Place a unit moment
at B.
m = +1 x
L
2
= x
L/2
L/2
Virtual Loads
L
2
x L/2 can be positive or negative.

Singularity cannot be removed.
1
C
B
L/2
L/2

Example 2
Actual Beam
P
Solution:
M = P x 0
L/2
L/2
Real Loads
P
M = P x = P( x ) = Px
1
x is always positive.
Singularity can be removed.
B
L/2
L/2
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Example 2
Actual Beam
Solution:
C
mM
dx
B =
B
EI
L/2
0
L
x L 2 ( Px )
1
dx
B =
B
EI
0
L2
L
(0 )( Px )
(1)( Px )
=
dx +
dx
EI
EI
0
L2
L
2
PL2 P( L 2)
Px 2
3PL2
=
+
=
=
2 EI
2 EI
2 EI L 2
8 EI
A
L/2
B
Negative sign
indicates that the
computed slope is
opposite to the
direction of the
virtual moment.

Example 3
3 kip/ft
Given: Simply supported beam

with overhang. E = 29(103) ksi,
I = 450 in4.
B
10 ft
20 ft
Determine:
The displacement at point A of
the beam shown.
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Example 3
Actual Beam
3 kip/ft
Solution:
Required is A. Place a unit load at A.

Two (2) x-coordinate axes will be
RC = 0.5 kip
Fy = 0
RB = 1.5 kip
20 ft
10 ft
used to simplify the setting up of

moment function: x1 and x2 axes
Determine Reactions (if needed)
MB = 0
x1
Virtual Loads
x2
1
A
B
10 ft
RB
20 ft
RC

Example 3
Actual Beam
3 kip/ft
Solution:
Set-up moment function, m1 and m2

A-B:
C-B:
m1 = 1 x1 0
m1 = x1
m2 = 0.5 x2
20 ft
10 ft
m2 = 0.5 x2 0
x1
Virtual Loads
x2
1
A
B
10 ft
1.5
20 ft
0.5
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Example 3
Actual Beam
3 kip/ft
Solution:
A
Use the same coordinate axes

Determine Reactions (if needed)
MB = 0
Fy = 0
20 ft
10 ft
RC = 27.5 kip
RB = 47.5 kip
Real Loads
3 kip/ft
x1
A
x2
B
10 ft
RB
20 ft
RC

Example 3
Actual Beam
3 kip/ft
Solution:
Set-up moment function, M1 and M2

A-B:
C-B:
M1 =
(3 10)
6 3
M 1 = 0.05x1
20 ft
10 ft
x1 0
x1
Real Loads
3 kip/ft
x2
M 2 = +27.5 x2 0
3
2
x2 0
2
2
M 2 = 27.5 x2 1.5 x2
B
10 ft
47.5
20 ft
27.5
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Example 3
Actual Beam
3 kip/ft
Solution:
A
A
C
mM
dx
B
EI
B
B
20 ft
10 ft
m1M 1
mM
=
dx1 + 2 2 dx2
EI
A EI
C
10
20
( x1 )( 0.05x13 )
( 0.5 x2 )(27.5 x2 1.5 x2 2 )
=
dx1 +
dx2
EI
EI
0
0
3
5666.7 kip ft 3 5666.7 kip ft 3 (12 in ft )
=
= 0.750 in
=
EI
[29(103 )kip in 2 ]450 in 4
A =
= 0.750 in
Computed deflection is negative. Therefore, deflection is in

the opposite direction as the virtual unit load.
Lecture 5-3
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Beam Deflections by Castiglianos

Consider the beam shown below,
P1
1
1
P1 y 1 +
P2 y 2
2
2
Eq. 1
After increasing P1 by P1 ,
1
U = P1y1 + P1y1 + P2 y2
2
P2
P1
The strain energy U, due to P1 & P2:
U =
Theorem
y1
y2
y1
Eq. 2
y2
Reversing the order of the application

of the loads, i.e. P1 first followed by
P1 and P2 ,
P1
P1
1
1
1
U + U = P1y1 + P1 y1 + P1 y1 + P2 y2
2
2
2
y1
Eq. 3

Since the strain energy is
independent of the order of loading,
equating 3 to the sum of 1 & 2:
P1 y 1 = P1 y 1 + P2 y 2
Eq. 4
1
P1 y 1 + P1 y 1
2
U
1
=
y1 + y1
P1
2
U
=
P1
lim
P1 0
U
= y1
P1
y 1 0 when
P1 0
U =
y1
Theorem
1
1
P1 y 1 +
P2 y 2
2
2
Eq. 1
1
P1y1 + P1y1 + P2 y2 Eq. 2
2
U + U =
Substituting equation 4 into 2 ,
U =
U =
1
1
1
P1y1 + P1 y1 + P1 y1 + P2 y2
2
2
2
Eq. 3
Eq. 5
or in general case,
U
= yi
Pi
Eq. 6
Castiglianos Thm.
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Theorem
If the strain energy of a linearly elastic structure is expressed in
terms of the system of external loads, the partial derivative of the

strain energy wrt a concentrated external load is the deflection of
a structure at the point of application and in the direction of that
load.
U
M
Similarly, for applied moments

and resulting rotations,
= i
i
If the deflection is required either at a point where there is no
unique point load or in a direction not aligned with the applied

load, a dummy load is introduced at the desired point acting in the
proper direction.

Strain Energy U:
Wk = Pd
P2
The work done on the bar must equal the

change in energy of the material
2
U = Wk = Pd
P = A
= A L d
= AL d
0
U=
AL 2
d
E 0
= E
d = d
P2
2
U = AL
2E
If Hookes Law applies,
P
P1
= L
0
2
0
Theorem
Elastic Strain
Energy
Volume
E
Therefore,
U =
2E
dV
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=
For a beam,
1
U =
2E
U =
1
2E
My
I
Theorem
U =
Note,
1
U =
2E
M2
2
I
M
I
2E
dV
My
V I dV
L
dV = dAdx
where x is measured along the

axis of the beam
y 2 dA dx
yi =
dx
Using equation 6:
1
U
=
Pi
2E
yi =
U
= yi
Pi
U
1
=
Pi
E
2 M M
dx
I
Pi
L
0
M M
dx
I Pi
Theorem
Similarly, for slope of the tangent at a point on the elastic curve,
the formula is given by
1
E
M M
dx
I M '
where M is a couple or moment applied at the point where the

slope is being determined
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Theorem

STEP 1: External Force P or Couple Moment M
Place a force P on the beam at the point and directed along the line
of action of the desired displacement.

If the slope of the tangent is to be determined, place a couple
moment M at the point.
Assume that both P and M have a variable magnitude.
Theorem

STEP 2: Internal Moments, M
Establish appropriate x coordinate/s.
Calculate the internal moments M as a function of P or M and the
partial derivatives M/P or M/M.
After M and M/P or M/M have been determined, assign P or M
its numerical value if it has actually replaced a real force or couple

moment. Otherwise, set P and M equal to zero.
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Theorem

STEP 3: Castiglianos Theorem
Apply Castiglianos Theorem to determine the desired deflection
or slope .
If the resultant sum of all the definite integrals is positive, or is
in the same direction as P and M. If a negative value results, or

is opposite to P and M.
Theorem
Example 1
P

concentrated load P in terms
of P, L, E and I.
C
L/5
4L/5
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Example 1
Theorem
Actual Beam
Solution:
Step 1: External Force P (Required:

Deflection)
A force P is already acting at the point
where deflection is required. No

need to add additional P.
C
4L/5
L/5

Example 1
Theorem
Actual Beam
Solution:
Step 2: Internal Moment, M

A
Establish x coordinate axis.

Get reactions (if necessary)
MB = 0
4L/5
L/5
4
4L
RA = P
RA ( L ) P = 0
RB
RA
5
5
Moment Function, M
1
L
1
L
4
4
M = + P x 0 P x
= P x P x
5
5
5
5
M 4
L
= x x
P 5
5
NOTE: Do not set P = 0 since there is a force acting at point C where
deflection is required.
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Example 1
Theorem
Actual Beam
Solution:
Step 3: Castiglianos Theorem
C =
1 L M
M P dx
EI 0
C
C
4L/5
L/5
L 4
L
1 L4
C =
Px P x x x dx
EI 0 5
5 5
5
2
2
2
P L4
L
4
P L 4
L
L
=
x
x
dx
=
x
x
x
x
dx
EI 0 5
5
5
5
5
EI 0 5
2
2
P L4
P L8
L
P L
L
16 PL3
=
x
dx
x
x
dx
+
x
dx

C =
EI 0 5
EI 0 5
5
EI 0
5
1875 EI
2
P L 16 2
P L8
L
P L
L
Deflection is in the
=
x dx
x x dx +
x dx
same direction as P.
EI 0 25
EI L 5 5
5
EI L 5
5
Theorem
Example 2
3200 lb/ft

left end when E = 10(106) psi,
I = 100 in4.
A
4
37
1/23/2011

Example 2
Theorem
Actual Beam
3200 lb/ft
Solution:
Step 1: External Force P (Required:
Deflection)
P
C
Place a force P at the left end where
deflection is required. Assume

direction as downwards.
Theorem
Actual Beam
x
Solution:
3200 lb/ft


Example 2
MB = 0
4
4
8
RB
RA
4
RA (12) P(16) 3200(4) = 0
2
4
6400
RA = P +
3
3
Moment Function, M
3200
2
6400
1
1
4
x 12
M = P x 0 + P +
x4
2
3
3
M
4
2
6400
4
= x + x 4
M = Px + P +
x 4 1600 x 12
P
3
3
3
38
1/23/2011

Example 2
Theorem
Actual Beam
x
Solution:
3200 lb/ft
P=0

Set P = 0
6400
4
M = Px + P +
x4
3
3
A
4
RA
RB
1600 x 12
6400
M =
x 4 1600 x 12
3
M
4
= x + x 4
P
3

x
Example 2
3200 lb/ft
P=0
Solution:
Theorem
1 L M
4
8
M P dx
RA
EI 0
1 16 6400
4
2
C =
x 4 1600 x 12 x + x 4 dx
EI 0 3
3
C =
1 16 6400
6400 4
4
2
2
3 x x 4 + 1600 x x 12 + 3 3 x 4 1600 3 x 12
EI 0
RB
x 4 dx
1 16 6400
1 16
2
x( x 4 )dx +
1600 x( x 12) dx
EI 4
3
EI 12
193422.222
1 16 6400 4
1 16
4
2
2
+
( x 4) dx
1600 ( x 12 ) ( x 4 )dx =
EI 4 3
3
EI 12
3
EI
39
1/23/2011

x
Example 2
193422.222
EI
193422.222 (12 in ft )
2
lb 12in
1 ft
10 x10 2
100in 4
in 1 ft
12in
1 L M
M P dx
EI 0
3200 lb/ft
Solution:
C =
Theorem
RA
RB
= 0.334 in = 0.334 in
Deflection is upwards.
Computed deflection is
negative which means it
is opposite the direction
of P.
Theorem
Example 3
P

Concentrated Load P and
Length L. EI is constant.
B
L/2
L/2
Determine:
The slope at point B of the beam
shown.
40
1/23/2011

Example 3
Theorem
Actual Beam
P
Solution:
Step 1: External Couple Moment M
(Required: Slope)
M
C
is required. Assumed direction is

counterclockwise.
Place a moment M at B where slope
L/2
L/2

Example 3
Theorem
Actual Beam
x
P
Solution:
M

C

L/2
Reactions are not required.

Moment Function, M
1
M = P x 0 + M ' x
L
L
= Px + M ' x
2
2
L/2
M
L
= x
M '
2
Set M = 0
M = Px
M
L
= x
M '
2
41
1/23/2011

Example 3
Theorem
Actual Beam
x
P
Solution:
1 L M
B =
dx
M
EI 0 M '
0
1 L
L
(
)
B =
Px
x
dx
EI 0
2
A
B
L/2
L/2
1
1
Px 2
( Px ) x L dx = 1 ( Px ) dx = 1
EI L 2
2
EI 2 L 2
EI L 2
Always equal to 1.
1 PL2 P( L 2)
=
+
EI 2
2
= 3 PL
8 EI
The negative sign indicates

that the slope is opposite to
the direction of the couple
moment M.
M
B
42

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1/23/2011

1. Double Integration Method

Beam Deflections by Superposition

The deflection at any point along the beam using DIM,

Beam Deflections by Superposition

contributions from each applied load.

Beam Deflections by Superposition

Beam Deflections by Superposition

Beam Deflections by Superposition

Determine the deflection at the

Beam Deflections by Superposition

Step 1: Breakdown Given Beam

Beam Deflections by Superposition

Step 2: Apply Superposition

A-B: Straight Segment

Beam Deflections by Superposition

Step 2: Apply Superposition

A-B: Straight Segment

Beam Deflections by Superposition

Step 2: Apply Superposition

A-B: Straight Segment

Beam Deflections by Superposition

Step 2: Apply Superposition

Beam Deflections by Superposition

Step 2: Apply Superposition

Deflection at Free End

Beam Deflections by Superposition

Determine the deflection at the

Beam Deflections by Superposition

Step 1: Breakdown Given Beam

Applying Method of Sections at

A-A and B-B

FBD Just to Left

Beam Segment A-B

FBD Just to Right

Beam Deflections by Superposition

Step 1: Breakdown Given Beam

Simplify all beam segments

Right End replaced

Left End replaced

Beam Deflections by Superposition

Step 1: Breakdown Given Beam

Beam Deflections by Superposition

Step 1: Breakdown Given Beam

Beam 4 will not contribute

Beam Deflections by Superposition

Step 1: Breakdown Given Beam

Consider beams 1, 2, and 3

Beam Deflections by Superposition

Beam Deflections by Superposition

Consider the triangle

Beam Deflections by Superposition

Consider the triangle

Beam Deflections by Superposition

Step 2: Apply Superposition

Deflection at Left End

Beam Deflections by Superposition

Determine the deflection at a

Beam Deflections by Superposition

Beam Segment A-B

FBD Just to Right

Beam Deflections by Superposition

Beam Segment A-B