Lesson 7 - Electrical Energy in The Home - Student

Preliminary
Physics
Electrical Energy in the Home
Lesson 7:
Magnetic Fields
Name:
_____________________
0466 342 939
hsc.synergyeducation@gmail.com
www.synergyhsc.com
LESSON 7: Electrical Energy in the Home
Preliminary Physics
Summary of Key Words

Account
Account for: state reasons for, report on. Give an account of: narrate a series of events or
transactions
Analyse
Identify components and the relationship between them; draw out and relate
implications
Apply
Use, utilise, employ in a particular situation
Assess
Make a judgement of value, quality, outcomes, results or size
Calculate
Ascertain/determine from given facts, figures or information
Clarify
Make clear or plain
Classify
Arrange or include in classes/categories
Compare
Show how things are similar or different
Construct
Make; build; put together items or arguments
Contrast
Show how things are different or opposite
Deduce
Draw conclusions
Define
State meaning and identify essential qualities
Demonstrate
Show by example
Describe
Provide characteristics and features
Discuss
Identify issues and provide points for and/or against
Distinguish
Recognise or note/indicate as being distinct or different from; to note differences
between
Copyright Gary Zhang 2015
Preliminary Physics
Evaluate
Make a judgement based on criteria; determine the value of
Examine
Inquire into
Explain
Relate cause and effect; make the relationships between things evident; provide why
and/or how
Extract
Choose relevant and/or appropriate details
Extrapolate
Infer from what is known
Identify
Recognise and name
Interpret
Draw meaning from
Investigate
Plan, inquire into and draw conclusions about
Justify
Support an argument or conclusion
Outline
Sketch in general terms; indicate the main features of
Predict
Suggest what may happen based on available information
Propose
Put forward (for example a point of view, idea, argument, suggestion) for consideration
or action
Recall
Present remembered ideas, facts or experiences
Recommend
Provide reasons in favour
Preliminary Physics
Lesson Dotpoints
By the end of the lesson, you should understand the following concepts:
Magnetic Fields
Describe the behaviour of the magnetic poles of bar magnets when they are
brought close together
Define the direction of the magnetic field at a point as the direction of force on
a very small north magnetic pole when placed at that point
Describe the magnetic field around pairs of magnetic poles
Current Carrying Conductor
Describe the production of a magnetic field by an electric current in a straight

current-carrying conductor and describe how the right hand grip rule can
determine the direction of current and field lines
Solenoids vs Bar Magnets
Compare the nature and generation of magnetic fields by solenoids and a bar
magnet
Use of Magnetic Fields in the Household
Identify data sources, gather, process and analyse information to explain one
application of magnetic fields in household appliances
Preliminary Physics
1. Magnetic Fields
CHECKPOINT:
Describe the behaviour of the magnetic poles of bar magnets when they are
brought close together
Define the direction of the magnetic field at a point as the direction of force on a
very small north magnetic pole when placed at that point
Describe the magnetic field around pairs of magnetic poles
Force Fields
A force field is an area where a certain object with certain properties

experiences a _______________
There are 3 main fields covered in the preliminary & HSC syllabus:
-
Gravitational fields
Electric fields
Magnetic fields
Gravitational fields, affect things that have _____________ and are an _______________
force.
Electric fields, affect things that have _________________ and can be both an
___________________ or ____________________ force
Magnetic fields and Electric fields often come together and affect things that
have CHARGE or other MAGNETS
-
Remember that EMR are made of:
All these fields can be represented by FIELD LINES, where field lines
determine the nature of the force acting on the certain object that is affected.
Preliminary Physics
Below is a table showing the formulas for each type of field:
Field lines
represent
Gravitational
Electrical
Magnetic
The force acting on a

MASS
The force acting

on a POSITIVE
CHARGE
The force acting on

a NORTH
MAGNETIC POLE
= sin
Primary
formula
Alternate
formula
1 2
2
1 2
2
= sin
Note the alternate formulae are used for different scenarios, sin is used
for a charge moving in a magnetic field, whereas sin is used for a current
carrying conductor. This will be covered in detail later on
The STRENGTH of the field is determined by the _______________ of the field lines
The DIRECTION of the field is determined by the direction of _______________
Below is a diagram of a Gravitational Field:
Are the gravitational field lines attractive or repulsive?
Preliminary Physics
Below is a diagram of two Electric Fields:
Diagram B
Diagram A
Identify the diagram that shows attractive and repulsive field lines.
The direction of the field lines of a magnetic field are determined by where a
NORTH MAGNETIC POLE would experience a force (toward south pole).
-
Draw the arrows showing the direction of the field lines in the diagram
below.
THESE FIELD LINES ARE OFTEN CALLED FLUX DENOTED BY THE SYMBOL
Preliminary Physics
What are Magnetic Fields?
A magnetic field is a ___________________ surrounding a magnetic pole that exert

___________________ on other magnetic poles placed in the field
-
Magnetic field strength is measured in _______________
Are magnetic fields scalar or vector quantities?
Direction of Magnetic Field Lines
The direction of magnetic field lines can be found by using a compass:
What can you observe about the compass?
Preliminary Physics
A compass is placed near a magnet as shown below:
Based on the direction of the compass, draw the magnetic field lines
around the magnet
Like and Unlike Poles
Let us observe the following diagram:
Two unlike poles will __________
Two like poles will __________
Preliminary Physics
Strength of a Magnetic Field
Magnetic field lines are used to determine the strength of the magnetic field
-
The _____________ the magnetic field lines, the stronger the magnetic field
The further away the magnetic field lines, the weaker the magnetic field
Below is a diagram of a solenoid which produces a magnetic field:
Label the north and south pole on the solenoid
Label the point on the solenoid in which the magnetic field is strongest
and weakest
Types of Magnetic fields
Magnetic fields are created by _______________________
THE UNIT FOR MAGNETIC FIELD STRENGTH IS DENOTED BY THE LETTER B

and has units TESLA or T
Bar Magnets (or Permanent Magnets)
In a bar magnet, the charge oscillations within the material are aligned in one
direction which sum up to create a strong magnetic field
10
Preliminary Physics
The Earths Magnetic Field (Not in Syllabus)
Earth has a magnetic field of very low strength. When a needle is freely
suspended, it will align with the Earths magnetic field. (A compass)
The Earths magnetic field is created by the movement of charges in its molten
iron core
The Earths North Magnetic seeking pole is actually a magnetic south (because
the north pole of a compass is attracted to a south pole)
11
Preliminary Physics
Applications 1.1
Question 1
A red bar magnet and a blue bar magnet are stuck on a fridge. Sam tries to take
them off the fridge, and realises that the red magnet is much harder to remove
compared to the blue magnet. Explain the physics behind Sams observation?
Question 2
The diagram below shows the lines of magnetic force between two north magnetic
poles. At which point is the magnetic field strength the greatest?
Question 3
Which type of field is present near a moving electric charge?
a)
b)
c)
d)
An electric field only

A magnetic field only
Neither an electric field, nor a magnetic field
Both an electric field and a magnetic field
12
Preliminary Physics
Question 4
Show the attractive and repulsive nature of the magnetic flux between two bar
magnets using two labelled diagrams.
Question 5
A current of 1 amp is passing through a wire, which is bent at 90, as shown.
Which of the following statements is correct?

a)
b)
c)
d)
The magnetic field will be weakest at Y

The magnetic field lines will be directed into the page at W
The magnetic field intensity will be greatest at Z
The magnetic field will be directed in the same direction at all four positions
13
Preliminary Physics
2. Current Carrying Conductors

CHECKPOINT:
Describe the production of a magnetic field by an electric current in a straight

current-carrying conductor and describe how the right hand grip rule can
determine the direction of current and field lines
A Straight Current Carrying Wire
Recall that moving charges induce a ___________________

-
In a current carrying wire, magnetic fields are caused by moving ____________
The current in a straight wire induces an anti-clockwise circular magnetic field

around the wire (with the current coming toward you or out of the page)
Current is always described as ______________________ current (from positive to

negative) unless specifically stated otherwise.
We will later see that circular current will induce a relatively straight magnetic
field
You do not have to memorise the direction, as it can be easily recalled using
the RIGHT HAND GRIP RULE
14
Preliminary Physics
Right Hand Grip Rule
The right hand grip rules is based on CONVENTIONAL CURRENT
How does the right hand grip rule work?

1.
Grasp the wire the RIGHT hand
2.
The right hand thumb points in the direction of current

-
3.
Is the thumb pointing towards the movement of positive or negative

charges?
The curled fingers point in the direction of the _________________
Label the direction the electrons are travelling in the diagram below:
You can use your LEFT HAND if your thumb is pointing in the DIRECTION OF
THE ELECTRONS (rare), it is safer to always label conventional current then
use your RIGHT HAND
Synergy Education Tip:
When under exam pressure, many students accidentally use their left hand
because they are busy writing with their RIGHT HAND
15
Preliminary Physics
The Strength of the Magnetic Field
The magnitude of the magnetic field a distance from a long straight wire
carrying current is given by (Not in syllabus)
Where 0 is the magnetic constant (permeability) 4 107 . /
A New Type of Field Lines
We know how to draw field lines in 2 dimensions (arrows on a piece of paper)

but how do we draw field lines in 3 dimensions?
Let us observe the following example:
Using the right hand grip rule we can determine the direction of the
current and magnetic field
To represent CURRENT going INTO THE PAGE we use a _____________
To represent CURRENT going OUT OF THE PAGE we use a _____________
16
Preliminary Physics
Label the diagram below with what direction the current is travelling in a
conductor
If you forget which one is which, think about an archers arrow.

-
If the arrow is travelling toward you (out of the page) you see a dot from
the arrow head
If the arrow is travelling away from you (into the page) you see a CROSS
from the arrows feather tails.
The right hand grip can also be used on the DOTS and CROSSES to determine
the direction of the magnetic field
-
Draw the magnetic field lines on the following diagrams:

Diagram B
Diagram A
In diagram A, the magnetic field is travelling in a __________________ direction
In diagram B, the magnetic field is travelling in an _________________ direction
17
Preliminary Physics
Synergy Education Tip:
Remember that whenever current is measured with the right hand grip
rule, it is always CONVENTIONAL CURRENT
Applications 2.1
Question 1
Using dots and crosses notation, indicate the direction of the magnetic fields
around a long straight wires shown below
i)
ii)
Current (I)
iii)
iv)
18
Preliminary Physics
Question 2
Two parallel wires carry currents shown below
I
What is the direction of the magnetic field at point A between the wires?
Question 3
Two current carrying wires are placed parallel to each other as shown below. Wire
1 is carrying a current of 3A and Wire 2 is carrying a current of 2A in the same
direction. The two wires are separated by a distance of 3m.
b) On the diagram shown, indicate the direction of the magnetic field lines
around the two wires
c) Draw in a point A, that is placed in the centre of the two wires
d) Determine the magnitude and direction of the magnetic field of Wire 1 at the
point A
19
Preliminary Physics
e) Determine the magnitude and direction of the magnetic field of Wire 2 at the
point A
f) Hence determine the resultant magnetic field strength at point A
g) Determine a new point (x) where the resultant magnetic field strength
would be equal to zero
Question 4
The diagram shows point P near two bar magnets, X and Y.
By sketching a labelled vector diagram, determine the direction of the net magnetic
field at point P. Show your working. (3 marks)
20
Preliminary Physics
3. Solenoids vs Bar Magnet

CHECKPOINT:
Compare the nature and generation of magnetic fields by solenoids and a bar
magnet
A Current Carrying Coil
A current carrying coil is DIFFERENT to a straight current carrying wire
As shown in the diagram below a current carrying wire is simply a conductor

in a __________________:
For a current carrying wire, the magnetic fields are __________________ circles
going around the wire
However, a current carrying coil is shown below:
21
Preliminary Physics
How is the magnetic field of the current carry coil produced?
Describe the magnetic field of the current carrying coil and relate how it is
different to a current carrying wire.
Solenoids
A solenoid is simply a current carrying coil but with MANY loops or ____________
A diagram of a solenoid is shown below:
Flow of Current
In physics, the conventional current flow will be from the ________________ side
of the wire and exit at the __________________ side of the wire
-
However, electrons flow from the ___________________ terminal to the

_________________ terminal
22
Preliminary Physics
The diagram below shows conventional current:
Label on the diagram above, the actual direction of electron flow
Right Hand Grip Rule
The right hand grip rule can now be used to determine the direction of a
magnetic field given a current carrying coil
As shown in the diagram above the electric current flows through the coils in a
_________________ motion
The following steps can be taken to determine the direction of current and
magnetic field:
1.
Grasp the coil with your right hand

-
2.
Ensure the fingers are curled over the coil so the back of the hand is
visible from above
The direction of the finger tips point is the direction of ___________________

current flowing
-
The current flows in the direction of the __________________ charge
23
3.
Preliminary Physics
The thumb points in the direction of the ______________________ within the coil
-
The thumb will ALWAYS represent the ______________ end of the

electromagnet produced by the coil
Labelling a Solenoid
It is essential that you know how to label and draw solenoid
Below are some rules when labelling a solenoid:
The magnetic field moves from the ______________ to _______________
The magnetic field is ALWAYS denser at the ______________
Current flow is based on conventional current
Label the following solenoid:
Ferromagnetic Substances
Ferromagnetic substances refer to substances that have a high susceptibility to

magnetisation such as _____________
Different substances at the ______________ of the solenoid will increase the

strength of the ___________________ produced
24
Preliminary Physics
For example,
-
Oxygen and aluminium will provide ______________ increases
Iron will have ____________________ increases
However, some substances like mercury will DECREASE the strength of the
magnetic field
The increase in strength can be represented by the:
A diagram of this can be seen below:
A iron core amplifies the magnetic field by x100 to x1000
25
Preliminary Physics
Applications 3.1
Question 1
Jenny was given four pairs of coiled wires. Each coil was linked to its own DC
source.
Which two pairs of coils did Jenny correctly predict would attract each other?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Pairs 2 and 3
Pairs 1 and 4
Pairs 3 and 4
Pairs 1 and 2
26
Preliminary Physics
Question 2
A cross section through a solenoid is illustrated in the following diagram. Sketch
the pattern of the magnetic field due to the solenoid carrying a direct current.
Indicate the direction of the magnetic flux on the diagram.
Question 3
A solenoid has an iron core and is connected to a power supply.
a)
On the diagram above, sketch the magnetic field that is produced.
27
Preliminary Physics
b) On the diagram above, label two points (X and Y) in which there are significant
differences in the size and direction of the field. Explain your answer.
(2 marks)
c)
If a non ferrous core was used instead what would happen? Explain your
answer. (2 marks)
28
Preliminary Physics
4. Use of Magnetic Fields in the Household

CHECKPOINT:
Identify data sources, gather, process and analyse information to explain one
application of magnetic fields in household appliances
The Loudspeaker
A loudspeaker is a device that converts __________________ into ______________
Below is a diagram of a loudspeaker:
There are several components of a loudspeaker:
Permanent Radial Magnets
A loudspeaker consists of radial magnets in which one pole is ALWAYS on the

outside and the other on the outside
In the above example, the ________________ pole is on the inside while two
_____________ poles are on the outside
Voice Coil
The voice coil sits in between the poles and is wrapped around the centre of
the core
The voice coil is connected to an _________________ which allows sounds to be

amplified
29
Preliminary Physics
What type of current would supply the amplifier?
Explain how a loudspeaker uses magnetic fields to produce sound.
The AC signal allows the ___________________ of the _________________ in the coil to be

reversed
-
This allows the _________________ experienced by the voice coil to change

direction rapidly so the coil can move back and forth rapidly
Since the coil cannot move freely, it can only __________________
The vibration of the coil magnet causes the diaphragm to vibrate as well,
causing air to vibrate therefore producing sound
How can louder sounds be produced?
How can the pitch of sound be controlled in a loudspeaker?
30

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Preliminary

0466 342 939

LESSON 7: Electrical Energy in the Home

Summary of Key Words

LESSON 7: Electrical Energy in the Home

Copyright Gary Zhang 2015

LESSON 7: Electrical Energy in the Home

Current Carrying Conductor

Describe the production of a magnetic field by an electric current in a straight

Solenoids vs Bar Magnets

Use of Magnetic Fields in the Household

Copyright Gary Zhang 2015

LESSON 7: Electrical Energy in the Home

A force field is an area where a certain object with certain properties

Remember that EMR are made of:

Copyright Gary Zhang 2015

LESSON 7: Electrical Energy in the Home

Below is a table showing the formulas for each type of field:

The force acting on a

The force acting

The force acting on

The DIRECTION of the field is determined by the direction of _______________

Below is a diagram of a Gravitational Field:

Are the gravitational field lines attractive or repulsive?

Copyright Gary Zhang 2015

LESSON 7: Electrical Energy in the Home

Below is a diagram of two Electric Fields:

Copyright Gary Zhang 2015

LESSON 7: Electrical Energy in the Home

What are Magnetic Fields?

A magnetic field is a ___________________ surrounding a magnetic pole that exert

Magnetic field strength is measured in _______________

Are magnetic fields scalar or vector quantities?

Direction of Magnetic Field Lines

The direction of magnetic field lines can be found by using a compass:

What can you observe about the compass?

Copyright Gary Zhang 2015

LESSON 7: Electrical Energy in the Home

A compass is placed near a magnet as shown below:

Like and Unlike Poles

Let us observe the following diagram:

Two unlike poles will __________

Two like poles will __________

Copyright Gary Zhang 2015

LESSON 7: Electrical Energy in the Home

Strength of a Magnetic Field

Below is a diagram of a solenoid which produces a magnetic field:

Label the north and south pole on the solenoid

Types of Magnetic fields

Magnetic fields are created by _______________________

THE UNIT FOR MAGNETIC FIELD STRENGTH IS DENOTED BY THE LETTER B

Bar Magnets (or Permanent Magnets)

Copyright Gary Zhang 2015

LESSON 7: Electrical Energy in the Home

The Earths Magnetic Field (Not in Syllabus)

Copyright Gary Zhang 2015

LESSON 7: Electrical Energy in the Home

An electric field only

Copyright Gary Zhang 2015

LESSON 7: Electrical Energy in the Home

Which of the following statements is correct?

The magnetic field will be weakest at Y

Copyright Gary Zhang 2015

The magnetic field moves from the to _