WELCOME TO

M.S. RAMAIAH

MEMORIALHOSPITAL
ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR
An Overview

By - Dr. Vinay Vatsayan

Dept. Of Hospital
Administration
M.S. Ramaiah Medical
College
Email- drvinayv@gmail.com
 Historical overview
The notion of an organization as an imperative, absolute
entity, is the direct outcome of historical transformations
occurred in Europe and North America from the end of
the 18th century onwards:
Before the 19th Century:
Experience of Artisan work (e.g. Ironsmith)
Technical skills, personal competence and craft pride
constitutive of the working process.
Industrial revolution in the 19th Century
Close relationship between the subject of work and
his/her activity was lost
 Historical overview
Early 20th Century: ‘Classical approach’
Advent of scientific management (F.W. Taylor)
Aim: controlling labour through science
Far-reaching process of establishing control and surveillance: to
discipline the mind and body of the productive subject was the
central concern.
Deconstruction of the task from ‘within’
Rigid control over time and body movements
Conception and execution as separate domains in hierarchical
relationships
Technology for social control
Historical overview
Click to edit Master text styles
Second level
● Third level

● Fourth level

● Fifth level
 Historical overview
Hawthorne Studies and the Human Relations
Movement (Elton Mayo, 1923-1933)
Hawthorne studies: environment and productivity?
Results: organizations are social systems, not just technical
economical systems
Groups, teamwork, different job roles, human relations are of great
significance in organizations
We are motivated by many needs
Leadership should be modified to include concepts of human
relations
A new discipline of human behaviour and, by extension,
Organisational behaviour. (1960s)
Historical overview
Systems Rationalist approach

Modern Approach
Organisation (open system view)
inputs Transformation process outputs

The organization seen as an open socio-technical

system.
The existence of subsystems which interact with one
another.
Management is a distinct subsystem which is
responsible for direction and coordination of all other
subsystems
What Managers Do

Managerial Activities
• Make decisions

• Allocate resources

• Direct activities of others to

attain goals
Where Managers Work
 ORGANIZATION
• According to Gary johns:
• Organizations are the social inventions for
accomplishment of goals through group efforts.
• Social – derivative of society basically means
gathering of people.
• Accomplishing goals.
• group effort – combined effort of people which are
interlinked & interdependent on each other.
• But there are some physical & intellectual limitations
among these & which can be overcome by group
efforts.
Management Functions

Planning Organizing

Management
Functions

Controlling Leading
 ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR

• It is concerned with :
• People’s thought
• Feelings
• Actions
• Actions in setting up the work
“ SO O.B CAN BE DEFINED AS” :
“The study of human behavior in organizational setting,
the interface in between human behavior & the
organizational context & organization itself”
 DEFINITION:
ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR IS THE
STUDY AND APPLICATION OF
KNOWLEDGE ABOUT HOW PEOPLE
ACT WITHIN AN ORGANIZATION

- KEITH DAVIS
ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR
From the above definition the following points arise:
1) Describes all behavior at all times
2) Some behaviors are common while others are
unique
3) Thus managing people becomes all the more
challenging
4) Personality is stable and has continuity in time
5) But an individual’s personality can undergo
change in time
• O.B OFFERS THREE MAJOR WAYS OF
UNDERSTANDING THE PEOPLE AS:
• PEOPLE AS AN ORGANISATION
• PEOPLE AS RESOURCES
• PEOPLE AS PEOPLE
• ELEMENTS OF O.B: (PEST)
• PEOPLE
• ENVIRONMENT
• STRUCTURE
• TECHNOLOGY
 ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR
Key forces affecting Organizational Behavior
People
•Individuals

•Groups

Environment
•Government
Structure
•Jobs
•Competition
Organizational Behavior
•Relationships
•Societal pressure

Technology
•Machinery

•Computer hardware&software
Challenges Facing the Workplace
Organizational Level

• Productivity
• Developing effective employees
• Global competition
• Managing in the global village

Group Level

• Working with others

• Workforce diversity Workplace

Individual Level

• Job satisfaction
• Empowerment
• Behaving ethically
 Bottom Line: OB Is For Everyone

• Organizational behavior is not just for

managers.
• OB applies equally well to all situations in
which you interact with others: on the
basketball court, at the grocery store, in
school, or in church
 The Layers of OB
The Organization

Change
Organizational culture
Decision making
The Group Leadership

Power and politics

Negotiation
Conflict
Communication
The Individual Groups and teams

Motivating self and others

Emotions
Values and attitudes
Perception
Personality
 Summary and Implications
• OB: is a field of study that investigates the impact
that individuals, groups, and structure have on
behavior within an organization.
• Focuses on improving productivity, reducing
absenteeism and turnover, and increasing employee
job satisfaction and organizational commitment.
• Uses systematic study to improve predictions of
behavior.
 GROUP

Definitions:
A Group is a two or more individual who interact regularly
with each other to accomplish common purpose or Goal.
Types :
Formal groups
Task groups
Informal groups:
a.) Interest group c.) Friendship group
b.) Memberships group d.) Reference group
 Stages of Small Group
FORMING Development
STORMING
NORMING
PERFORMING
ADJOURNING
 PERSONALITY.
‘Personality’ comes from the Latin word per - sona which means
to speak through- the role a person is playing in public.
Personality of an individual represents personal characteristics and
traits which can lead to consistent patterns of behavior.
Personality is that dynamic organization within the individual, of
those psychophysical systems that determine his unique
adjustments to the environment. Besides a study of personality is
helpful in ensuring effective job performance.
Contd…

A comprehensive definition of Personality is

given by Salvatore Maddi:
Personality is a stable set of characteristics and
tendencies that determine those commonalities
and differences in the psychological behavior
( thoughts, feelings and actions) of people that
have continuity in time and that may not be
understood as a sole result of the social and
biological pressures of the moment
 SELF CONCEPT
Self concept is when people try to understand themselves
because personality would essentially mean:
How people affect others
How they understand and see others
What is the pattern of their inner and outer measurable
traits
What is the person-situation interaction.
Contd..

Self is very relevant to the concepts of self efficacy and

self-esteem
Self Esteem is based on one’s perceived competence
and self image
Self Efficacy is concerned with how well a person can
cope with situations as they arise. In other words,
self esteem is a generalized trait whereas self-
efficacy is situation specific.
Mintzberg’s Managerial
Roles
Mintzberg’s Managerial
Roles (cont’d)
Mintzberg’s Managerial
Roles (cont’d)
Management Skills
ORGANISATIONAL
DEVELOPMENT
 ORGANISATION

“AN ORGANISATION IS A RATIONAL

COORDINATION OF A NUMBER OF PEOPLE
FOR THE ACHIEVEMENT OF SOME EXPLICIT
PURPOSE OR GOAL THROUGH A DIVISION OF
LABOUR AND FUNCTION AND THROUGH A
HEIRARCHY OF AUTHORITY &
RESPONSIBILITY” “ORGANISATIONS ARE
PHYSICAL ARRANGEMENT OF PEOPLE IN
VARIOUS ROLES FOR MEETING
ORGANISATIONAL OBJECTIVES”
 STEPS IN ORGANISING
AIMS & OBJECTIVES OF ORGANISATION
IDENTIFY THE TASKS TO BE DONE
GROUP THE SIMILAR TASKS
MERGE WORK RELATED GROUPS AS UNITS
SIMILAR UNITS INTO DEPARTMENTS
DESIGNATE HEADS FOR UNITS / DEPTS
DEFINE UNIT / DEPT ROLES
LINK THEM ACROSS NSIBILIWITH LINES OF
AUTHORITY & RESPONCIBILITY
 ORGANISATIONAL
DEVELOPMENT
ORGANISATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IS THE
SYSTEMATIC APPLICATION OF SELECTED
MANAGAEMENT & BEHAVIOURAL SCIENCE,
SKILLS & METHODS TO BRING ABOUT CHANGE
SO AS TO IMPROVE THE FUNCTIONING OF THE
TOTAL ORGANISATION TO ACCOMPLISH THE
PREDETERMINED OBJECTIVES.
 NATURE OF PEOPLE
(PECULIARITIES OF HUMAN RESOURCE)

1. EACH INDIVIDUAL IS UNIQUE

2. ONLY INDIVIDUALS CAN TAKE RESPONSIBILITIES

& MAKE DECISIONS

3. HUMAN BEINGS PUT OTHER RESOURCES INTO USE

4. HUMAN BEINGS CAN ALTER THE LEVEL OF
THEIR OWN OUTPUT AT THEIR OWN WILL
5. IT IS DIFFICULT TO PREDICT INDIVIDUAL
BEHAVIOUR
6. EVERY JOB HOWEVER SIMPLE ENTITLES
PEOPLE TO INDIVIDUAL DIGNITY
7. INDIVIDUALS TO BE TREATED AS WHOLE
PERSONS -
WHOLISTIC APPROACH.
POWER
‘POWER IS AN
POWER
POTENTIAL ABILITY TO GET AN
INDIVIDUAL OR A GROUP TO DO SOMETHING - TO
GET THE PERSON OR GROUP TO CHANGE IN SOME
WAY’ OR
“POWER IS THE POTENTIAL ABILITY OF A PERSON
OR A GROUP TO INFLUENCE ANOTHER PERSON OR
GROUP” ; SO IT IS THE ABILITY OF A PERSON TO
GET THE THINGS DONE ; THE WAY ONE WANTS
THEM TO BE DONE.
 Attitude & Perception

ATTITUDE: The mental state of an individual ,

which prepares him to react or make him
behave in particular pre-determined way.
Attitude is the combination of belief &
feelings that people have about specific
Idea, Situation or other people.
Perception : it is cognitive process.
Perception is the interpretation of situation
or stimulus made by people with what they
are faced.
FACTORS INFLUENCING
ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS
MOTIVATION

LEADERSHIP

COMMUNICATIONS

GOAL SETTING PROCESS

Basic OB Model, Stage I
The Dependent Variables

x
The Dependent Variables
(cont’d)
The Dependent Variables
(cont’d)
The Dependent Variables
(cont’d)
The Dependent Variables
(cont’d)
The Independent Variables

Independent
Variables

Individual-Level Group-Level Organization

Variables Variables System-Level
Variables
Challenges and Opportunity
for OB
Responding to Globalization
Managing Workforce Diversity
Improving Quality and Productivity
Responding to the Labor Shortage
Improving Customer Service
Challenges and Opportunity
for OB (cont’d)
Improving People Skills
Empowering People
Coping with “Temporariness”
Stimulation Innovation and Change
Helping Employees Balance Work/Life
Conflicts
Improving Ethical Behavior
Thank You