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Abstract
For any graph = , , block graph is a graph whose set of vertices is the union of the set of blocks of in which two
vertices are adjacent if and only if the corresponding blocks of are adjacent. A dominating set of a graph is a split block
dominating set if the induced sub graph is disconnected .The split block domination number () of is the
minimum cardinality of split block dominating set of . In this paper many bounds on () are obtained in terms of elements of
but not the elements of (). Also its relation with other domination parameters is established.
is an isolated vertex in
is connected.
: If a graph has no isolated vertices, then
()
2
.()
+1
2. RESULTS
Theorem 1
For any connected , graph , then
1
Proof: For any non trivial connected graph G, the block
graph () in which each block is complete. Suppose =
, then by the definition of split domination, the split
domination set does not exists. Hence .
We consider the following cases.
Case1: Assume is a tree. Then every block of is an edge.
Let = 1 , 2 , 3 , . . be the blocks of and
= 1 ,2 , 3 , . . be the block vertices in
corresponding to the blocks 1 , 2 , 3 , . . .
Let is an non end blocks of .
Then which are cut vertices corresponding the
set . Since each block is a complete in . Then every
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Volume: 02 Issue: 12 | Dec-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org
756
1 1
Theorem 2
For any graph G with , then
2
Suppose is a complete graph, then by definition
split domination does not exists in . Hence .
Suppose be any graph with = 1 , 2 , 3 , be
the blocks of and = 1 , 2 , 3 ,
the block
vertices
in
corresponding
to
the
blocks
1 , 2 , 3 , .
Let = 1 , 2 , 3 , . . be the set of all non end
blocks in , 3 which generates a set 1 =
1 ,2 , 3 , . . , are cut vertices.
Now we consider 1 1 1, 1 1 gives
a disconnected block graph and every vertex of
1 1 are adjacent to at least one vertex of 1 1 .Hence 1 1 is a
minimal split dominating set of .
In , = and 1 1 are at a distance at
most
two
which
gives
[() 2 1 1 .
Hence 2 .
Theorem 4
For any graph , ,
2+
.
1+
.
2+
Theorem 3
Theorem 5
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Volume: 02 Issue: 12 | Dec-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org
757
be
Theorem 6
For any connected graph , ,
For split domination, we consider the graphs with the
property B . Let = 1 , 2 , 3 ,
be a minimal dominating set of
= . For () of any graph we
consider the following cases.
case 1: Suppose each block of G is an edge then in each
block is complete. Let = 1 , 2 , 3 , be the set
of cut vertices in which corresponds to the non end
blocks of
G .We consider 1 1 =
> 1 . < .
: Suppose there exists atleast one blockwith atleast
three vertices.Assume is a block which contains atleast
three vertices then . If is end block in
, , is a minimal dominating
set .Otherwise . Hence in this case
has more than one component.
Hence = > which gives
().
Theorem 7
For any graph with ,
+ 4.
Suppose = 1 , 2 , 3 , be the blocks of
. Then = 1 , 2 , 3
be the corresponding
block vertices in with respect to the set . Let =
1 , 2 , 3 , be the set of vertices in , = . If
= 1 , 2 , 3 , where 1 . such that
and suppose there exists a set 1
1 1 is a disconnected graph. Suppose
1 has the minimum number of vertices, such that 1
= 1 gives a minimal split domination set in
.
1 = .
Suppose 1 = 1 , 2 , 3 , 1 such
gives
Theorem 8
For any graph
with ,
2 .
: Suppose = 1 , 2 , 3 , be the blocks
of = 1 , 2 , 3 , be the corresponding
block
vertices
in
.
Suppose
= 1 , 2 , , 3 , 4 , be the set of edges which
constitutes the diameteral path in . Let 1 = 1
, 1 .Suppose 1 are non end blocks in
, which gives the cut vertices in .Suppose 1 =
1 , 2 , 3 ,
1 1
1
are cut vertices in .Since they are non
end blocks in and each block is complete in .
Hence 1 . 1 = .
Suppose cyclic then there exists atleast one block
which contains a block diametrical path of length at least two.
In as a singleton and if at most
two elements of
2
1 2.
Suppose is acyclic then each edge of is a block of . Now
, , ,
1 , 2
1 . 2.
Theorem 9
For any graph , 1 where
is the independence number of .
From the definition of split domination,
.Suppose = 1 , 2 , 3 , be the blocks of G
.Then = 1 , 2 , 3 ,
be the corresponding
block vertices in with respect to the set . Let =
1 , 2 , 3 , be the set of vertices in , = .
We have the following cases.
Suppose each block is an edge in . 1 =
1 , 2 , 3 , 1 , 1
, are joining two vertices
of 1 . Hence each vertex in 1 is independent, so
1 = . 1 = 1 , 2 , 3 ,
be
the
set
of
all
non
end
blocks
in , 1 = 1 , 2 , 3 , be the corresponding
block vertices in which are cut vertices. Since each
block is complete in and 1 covers all the
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Volume: 02 Issue: 12 | Dec-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org
758
()
2
Theorem 12
For any connected graph with
2 .
Theorem 10
For any graph , , + 1
Suppose is a complete graph, by definition,
Split domination does not exists in . Hence
. Suppose = 1 , 2 , 3 , be the blocks
of . = 1 , 2 , 3 , be the corresponding
block vertices in . Let = 1 , 2 , 3 , be the
set of vertices in . = 1 , 2 , 3 , , 1
, Which covers all the vertices
of with minimal cardinality .Hence is a minimal
dominating
set
of
= .
Let
1 = 1 , 1 1 are non
end blocks in G.Then we have 1 which correspondes
to the elements of 1 such that 1 forms a minimal
dominating set of . Since each element of 1 is a cut
vertex ,then 1 = .
1 1
which gives + 1.
Let be
a
connected
graph
with
3 . is less
than or equal to and hence and
from 2 2.
Theorem 13
For any graph , , 4
has no isolates then 3.
Let be a graph with 4 has
no isolates. Then the number of blocks of is less than or
equal to 3 . Hence 3.
Theorem 14
, ,
Theorem 11
For any graph , then
= 2, then = 1 +
then there exist at
2
most one end vertex adjacent to each such that 1
. If p is odd, say = 2 + 1, =
2+11
1+
and deduce that 2. Assume in this case (n
2
is odd), that is the set of vertices that are adjacent to exactly
two end vertices, where = 1 1 note that
each vertex of is in any minimal dominating set of
. 1 be the sub graph formed removing and all
+ 2 2
. 2 2 .
From 2 12 the above
result follows
REFERENCES:
[1]. Harary.F, Graph Theory, Addition-Wesley, reading mass,
(1969)
[2]. T.W.Haynes, Stephen T.Hedetniemi, Peter J.Slater,
Fundamentals of domination in graphs, Marcel Dekker, Inc,
Newyork, pp 41-49 (1998)
[3]. V.R.Kulli, Theory of domination in graphs, vishwa
international publications, Gulbarga, India. pp 111-118 (2010)
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Volume: 02 Issue: 12 | Dec-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org
759