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Synovial joints
Joint Action
Flexion- Bending or decreasing angle at a joint
Extension- straightening or increasing angle at a joint
Adduction- moving a body part towards center or midline
Abduction- moving a body part always for center or midline
Circumduction- moving a joint in a circular motion
Rotation- turning or twisting a bone along axis
Dorisflexion- involves moving toes towards shinbone
Plantraflexion- involes moving toes away shinbone
Muscular system
Isometric- muscle develops tension no change in muscle length e.g. pushing
against a doorframe
Isotonic- muscle develops tension and there is a change in muscle length
causing movement e.g. bicep curl
Contraction- tension develops in muscle and muscle shortens
Eccentric- tension develops in muscle and muscle lengthens
Respiratory system
Mouth, nose and nasal cavity- warm, filter and moisten incoming air
Circulatory system
Components of blood
1. Regulates temperature and water content in cells
2. Protects from diseases and bleeding to death
3. Transports nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide and others the body
Power
- Ability to move body quickly
Speed
- Rate of change in position of athlete
Agility
- Change direction or position of body rapidly and quickly
Coordination
- A smooth flow of movement when performing physical task,
evidence when nervous and muscular system work together
Balance
- Body is stable position or state if equilibrium
- May be static or dynamic
Reaction time
- Time that is takes to respond to a stimulus
FITT principle
Stroke Volume
Cardiac Output
Lactate Levels
Fluids mechanics
Flotation- the action of floating in liquid
Centre of buoyancy- center of gravity of water tat swimmer displaces, when
body is fully under, center of gravity will fall directly above swimmer center of
gravity.
Fluid resistance- drag force, occurs due to friction between bodys surface and
fluid.
Force
How the body applies force
Through muscular system promoting movement of skeletal system
How the body absorbs force
Force distributed over large area has less than applied to smaller area
Changing impact from direct to oblique will lessen force
Distributing force through flexing of joints
Application of force
Greater force applied, great speed and acceleration of object