Do Now

Youre an archaeologist studying the Cahokia mounds

(check your notes if youve forgotten what these are!)
and you found this artifact. In your Do Now section,
record what this artifact might tell you about the
mound builders. Think creatively!

I. Christopher Columbus
Italian sailor, explored Caribbean on 4 separate
voyages
Treatment of Indians

A.

B.

1.
2.

Enslaved thousands to bring to Europe

Within 50 years, native population of Hispaniola
reduced from 300,000 to 500

I. Christopher Columbus

II. Columbian Exchange

A.Livestock
1.

Horses
i.
ii.

2.

dramatically changed way of life

Ex.: Lakota people became buffalo hunters

Europeans also introduced: chickens, cattle, goats,

pigs

B. Food
1.

Improved European diets

i.

ii.
2.

new foods like corn, beans,

potatoes, chocolate
population

European crops like sugar cane,

coffee grown on plantations in
Americas

C. Disease
1.

2.

Smallpox, measles, influenza, and other diseases

decimated native populations
Syphilis brought to Europe (?)

III. Spanish Colonization

A.Conquest & Exploration

1. Florida
i.

Ponce de Len
i.
ii.

ii.

1513 discovers La Florida

1521 returns, killed by Indians

St. Augustine
i.
ii.

Fort founded 1565 in response to French exploration

Oldest European city in United States

2. Southwest
i.

ii.

Cabeza de Vaca accidentally

explores Texas, 1528-1536
Further exploration of New
Mexico and Arizona
i.
ii.

iii.

Esteban (African Muslim slave)

Marcos de Niza
Francisco Vzquez de Coronado

B. Relations with Indians

1. Encomienda System
i.
ii.
iii.

Spaniards given land and Indians

Spanish lord cared for Indians
Indians worked

2. Valladolid Debate
i.
ii.

iii.

iv.

How should Christians treat Native Americans?

Bartolom de Las Casas Indians should be treated
fairly
Juan Gins de Seplveda Indians are less than
human, may be slaves
New Laws established 1542 to protect Indians,
but largely ignored

3. New Mexico
i.

ii.

iii.

1598 - Explored and colonized

by Don Juan de Oate, looking
for gold
1609 Santa Fe established,
focused on farming
1680 Pueblo Revolt
a.
b.
c.

Led by Pop
Revolt against forced conversion
Spanish only returned in 1692, but
allowed traditional religion