Assignment

:Topic
DIFFERENTIATE FEED BACKWARD AND FEED FORWARD
CONTROL SYSTEMS . MONITOR THEIR ADVANTAGES AND
.DISADVANTAGES TAKING SOME INDUSTRIAL EXAMPLES

Submitted To:
Sir Tahir Ishfaq.
Submitted By:
M.Tanzeel UR Rehman.
Roll NO:
10-CH-70

NFC IEFR FAISALABAD.

Contents

Feed backward control system

 Explanation and Example

Advantages of feed backward control
system
Disadvantages of feed backward control
system

Feed Forward control system

Explanation and example

Combination with Feed backward control
system
Advantages
system

of

feed

forward

control

Disadvantages of feed forward control

system

Industrial Examples

Feed Backward Control System

Definition:
In closed loop control system information about the
controlled variable are fed back to the controller and
final control element. It use direct measurement of the
of controlled variables to adjust values of manipulated
variables.

Explanation:
A system in which information about the controlled
variable is fed back to controller and final control
element is known as feed backward control system. It is
also called closed loop control system. It does not
directly measure the disturbance.

The term feedback comes direction in which the

measured values travel in the block diagram. The signal

begins at the output of the controlled system. The

output of the controller is the input of controlled
system. Thus the measured value signal is fed back
from the output of the controller system to the input.
The term closed loop refers to the loop created by
feedback path.
A
closed loop or backward control system measure the
difference between the actual value and desired value
and uses the difference to the actual value towards the
desired values.
Example:
Let us consider a example of a CSTR system. In this
system feed is entered at s specific temperature and
composition. The reaction is taken placed and product
is obtained at a specific temperature which is required
for the product. A temperature controller is installed at
the outlet system. If the temperature is increased or
decreased from the required value, a signal goes from
the controller to the valve
and the manipulated

variable

is

controlled.

Advantages:

One of the advantages of feedback control is that

by analyzing the output of a system unstable
process can be stabilize.
It does not require identification and measurement
of any disturbance.
It is intensive to modelling errors.
It is insensitive to parameter changes.
The primary advantages feed backward control is
the potential for more accurate control of process.
Disadvantages:

 Time lag in a system is the main disadvantage in

the feedback system.
The feed backward system is more expensive than
the open loop system.
The feedback feature of closed loop control
system makes it possible for the system to
become unstable.
A unstable system make oscillation of the control
variable, often with very large amplitude.
It waits until the disturbance effect the system.
It is not suitable for slow processes or with
significant dead time.

Feed Forward control System

Definition:
In this process disturbance is measured in advance and
compensate without waiting for a change in control
variable. It is used for the direct measurement of
disturbance to adjust values of manipulated variables.
it measure the disturbance before they effect the
system.

Explanation:
Feed backward control is most common strategy in the
process Industry. However feedback control may not

provide required performance. For these processes

other types of control systems are designed. One of
such system is feed forward control system.
It uses the measurement of an input disturbance to the
plant as additional information for enhancing single
loop PID control performance. This measure provides a
early warning that the controller variable will be upset
sometime in feature.

With this warning it has chance to adjust the

manipulated variable before the control variable
deviates from the set point. It does not use the output
of the control system. A system which exhibits feed
forward behaviour responds to a disturbance without
having to be effected by it first.
Sometimes feed backward control system is also use
with combination of feed forward control to get best
accurate results.
An example of combination of feed forward and feed
backward control system is given below:

In this example a heat exchanger with the combination

of feed forward and feed backward control system is
shown. Feed forward control system controls the flow
before it effect the final product and backward system
controls the flow when it affects the system and any
change occur.

Advantages:
Feed backward system Is active, but this system is
proactive.
It can respond more quickly to a known kind of
disturbance.
It can control the disturbance before it effect the
system.

 It does not have stability problems.

They have theoretical potential for perfect control.
It is good for slow systems.
Improve quality and accuracy, enhanced stability
and faster feed of working.
It is advance type of controller.

Disadvantages:

It requires the system to respond to

disturbance in order to notice the deviation.

the

It can do not anything with novel disturbance.

It cannot indicate the change in output of system.
It can control only a known disturbance.