Two Dimension Motion

Chapter -
4
Kinematics-II
S.No.
Contents
Pg. No.
1.
Relative Motion
(1 9)
2.
Projectile Motion
(10-26)
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Destination
By Er. Sombir Ahlawat Sir
Kinematics
Relative Motion
RELATIVE VELOCITY:
Relative velocity of particle A with respect to B is the velocity with which particle A velocity is
observed from particle B.
ur
ur
ur
V AB V A V B
It is a vector quantity
S I Unit = m/s
ur
V AB
= Velocity of A w.r.t B.
ur
VA
= Velocity of A w.r.t ground.

ur
VB
= Velocity of B w.r.t ground.

It is equivalent to situation when velocity of A particle is observed by a person who is sitting with in
particle B Frame.
Case (a)
Two bodies moves in same direction
ur
uur ur
V AB VA (V B )
10 m/s
15 m/s
uur
VA 10
i
ur
V B 15
ur
V AB 10 i o (15 i )
= 5i
VAB 5
and direction in x axis
Case (b) Two bodies moves in opposite direction (Incoming)
ur
ur ur
V AB V A V B
10 m/s
ur
V A 10
15 m/s
i
Ahlawat Tower, Near HDFC and PNB, Rohtak
Contact No. 8930818212
Destination
Kinematics
Relative Motion
VB 15
i (moving in x axis.)
ur
ur ur
V AB V A V B
ur
ur
ur ur
V AB V AB V A V B
=
ur
V AB 25
(10 i) ( 15 i)
i
VAB
= 25 units in direction +x axis

It means the observer in frame of body B will assume that Body A is moving with 25m/s in + x direction
and his frame is stationary(at rest).
Case (c)
Two bodies moves in opposite direction (outgoing)

ur
ur ur
V AB V A V B
10 m/s
A
ur
V A 10
15 m/s
VB 15
ur
V AB
(10 i) (15 i)
ur
V AB 25
i
VAB
= 25 & direction in x axis

It means the observer in frame of body B will assume that Body A is moving with 25m/s in - x
direction and frame B is stationary.
NUMERICAL :
Va , Vb ,Vc
There are 3 cars with velocity
in same direction with 4m/s, 10m/s,12ms velocity. Find out the
Vab , Vbc ,Vca

relative velocity
[-6i, -2i, 8i]
RELATIVE VELOCITY IN PLANE
Destination
Kinematics
Relative Motion
va & vb
Let assume 2 particles A & B with velocity
as seen from ground. So the relative velocity of A with
respect to B mean that the velocity of A when observed from body B.

Vab Va Vb
Note: VAB can be calculated if VA and VB are known using the Vector Subtraction or by the Resolution
of Vector.
General Equation For relative velocity
r
r
r
VAB VA ( VB )
r
r
VA &VB
-> angle b/w

r
r
VA &-VB
180
-> angle b/w

VAB
tan
VA 2 +VB 2 +2VA VB cos(180 )

VBsin(180)
VA +VB cos(180)
V sin
B
cos
AV
B
VAB represents the resultant velocity seen by the Observer ( In Frame of body B) about body A. However
the true velocity of body A is VA But Observer in frame B assumes it has velocity VAB.
Numerical:
The velocity of particle P due east is 4m/s & that of Q is 2m/s due west & R have 3m/s due south.
What is the velocity of P w.r.t Q and P w. r. t R?
SWIMMER IN RIVER SCENARIO
Vsr = Vsg Vrg
Vsr =
Velocity of swimmer w. r. t River
= Velocity of swimmer in still Water.
Destination
Kinematics
Relative Motion
Vsg =
Velocity of swimmer w. r. t ground.
Vrg
D
Vsg
Vsr
Vrg =
Velocity of river w. r. t ground.
(a) When Swimmer tends to cross river in shortest distance

r
r
r
Vsr Vsg Vrg
r
r r
Vsg Vsr +Vrg
Objective : To cross river in shortest distance shortest Distance = D
Vrg
Vsr
r
Vsg
Vsg
So, the Horizontal component of velocity
should be zero.
r
Vsg
Hence net
will act in vertical direction.
Vsr sin
Vrg
=
----(1)
Vsr cos
Vsg
=
-----(2)
Divide (1) by (2)

tan
Vrg
Vsg
[Direction From normal]
Destination
Kinematics
Relative Motion
By Pythagoras theorem:
Vsr 2 Vrg 2 Vsg 2
Vsg =
Vsr 2 Vrg 2
Time taken =
D
Vsg
NUMERICAL : A man can swim at the rate of 5km/h in still water. A river 1 km wide flows at the rate of
3 km/h. A swimmer wishes to cross the river straight.
(a) Along What direction must he strike ?
(b) What should be his resultant velocity ?
(c) How much time he would take to cross ?
(b)
When Swimmer tends to cross river in shortest time.
Vrg
D
Vsr
Vsg
Objective :
To cover river in shortest time, the velocity of swimmer with
respect to river should be vertical .

r
r
r
Vsr Vsg Vrg
r
r r
Vsg Vsr +Vrg
Destination
Kinematics
Relative Motion
Vrg
Vsr
Vsg
Note :
To cross the vertical distance D in Minimum time, the whole component
T=
r
Vsr
of
D
Vsr
shall be in vertical direction.
V 2sg V 2sr +V 2 rg
Vsg
Vsr 2 +V 2rg
Vrg
Horizontal distance traveled in Time T =
tan
Numerical :
Vrg
D
Vsr
D
Vsr
=
Vrg
Vsr
[ angle with vertical]
Same as previous numerical change : A swimmer wishes to cross the river in shortest
time.
MAN IN RAIN SCENARIO

r
Vmg
r
Vrg
Velocity of man with respect to ground
Velocity of rain with respect to ground

r
Vrm
Velocity of rain with respect to man
Vmg
r
Vrm
r
r
Vrg Vmg
Destination
Kinematics
Relative Motion
Vrm
Vrg Vmg Vrm
Vrg 2 +Vmg 2 +2Vrg Vmg cos(180 90)
Vrg 2 +Vmg 2 +0
=
tan
Vmg sin(180 90)

Vrg +Vmg cos(180 90)
tan 1
Vmg
Vrg
Vmg
Vrg
35ms 1
NUMERICAL :
Rain is Falling vertically with a speed of
. A woman rides a bicycle with a
12ms 1
speed of
in East to West direction. What is the direction in which she should
hold her umbrella ?
Simple : Assignment
kmh 1
1)
A car A is moving with a speed of 40
kmh 1
and car B is moving with a speed of 60
P
along
straight lines, starting from same point. What is the position of car A with respect to B
after 15 minutes.
[ 5 km behind]
kmh 1
2)
A train 110 m in length travels at 60
. In what time will it pass a man who is walking at 6
kmh 1
(a) in the opposite direction (b) In the same direction.
[ 6 sec, 7.33 sec ]

kmh 1
3)
Two trains 120 m and 80 m in length are running in opposite directions with velocities 42
kmh 1
and 80
. In what time will they completely cross each other.
[10 sec.]
Destination
Kinematics
4)
Relative Motion
Two buses start From a bus stand with velocities 10 kmh
and
30 kmh 1 along two tracks
o
inclined at an angle 60 . Find the distance b/w them after 12 minutes.
5)
[ 257 km ]
Two cars are moving in same direction with same speed 30km/hr. They are separated by a distance
of 5km. What is the speed of a car moving in the opposite direction if it meets these two cars at an
interval of 4min?
6)
[36s]
A steam boat goes across a lake and comes back (a) on a quiet lake when water is at rest (b) on a
rough day when there is uniform current so as to help the journey onward and to impede the
journey back. If the speed of the launch on both the days was same, in which case will it complete
the journey in lesser time?
7)
Four persons K, L, M and N are initially at the four corners of a square of side d. Each person now
moves with uniform speed V in such a way that K always moves towards L, L always move
towards M , M always moves towards N and N always moves towards K. Where and at what time
will the four people meet?
8)
Two trains, each having a speed of 30km/hr are headed towards each other on the same straight
track. A bird that can fly at 60km/hr flies off one train, when they are 60km apart and heads
directly for the other train. On reaching the other train it flies directly back to the first and so on.
What is the total distance the bird travels?
9)
A passenger is standing d metre away from a bus. The bus begins to move with constant
acceleration a. To catch the bus, the passenger runs at a constant speed v towards the bus. what
must be the minimum speed of the passenger so he may catch the bus?
Assignment: SWIMMER in River
1)
1
A swimmer can swim in still water with a speed of 5ms . While crossing a river his average
speed 3ms
if he crosses the river in shortest distance. What is the speed of flow of water ?
[4
km/hr]
Destination
Kinematics
2)
Relative Motion
A swimmer can swim in still water at a rate 4km/hr. If he swims in a river flowing at 3.0km/hr and
keeps his direction (with respect to water) perpendicular to the current,Find his velocity with
respect with respect to the ground?
3)
[5 km/hr]
A River is flowing from west to east at a speed of 5m/s. A man on the south bank of river capable
of swimming at 10m/s in still water wants to swim across the river (a) in the shortest time (b)
along the shortest path. In which direction should he swim in case (a) and in case (b)?
[(a) Due North (b) 300 west of
north ]
4)
The width of river is 25m and in still water is flowing with a velocity of 4m/min. A boatman is
standing on the bank of river. He wants to sail the boat to a point at the other bank which is
directly opposite to him. In what time will he cross the river, if he can sail the boat at 8m/min
relative to the water?
5)
[ 3.6 minutes]
A man wishes to row a boat directly across a river, from south to north. The River Flows from east
to west with a current of 2.5km/hr. if the man can row in still water with a speed of 6.5km/hr.
(a) What is the resultant velocity of boat?
(b) In what direction must he point his boat if he is to arrive at opposite bank directly opposite his
starting point?
(c) How long will he take to reach the opposite bank if the river is 120m wide?
6)
A man can swim at a speed of 3km/hr in still water. He wants to cross a 500m wide river flowing
at 2km/hr. he keeps himself always at an angle of 120o with the river flow while swimming.
7)
(a) Find the time he takes to cross the river?
[1/33h]
(b) At what point on the opposite bank will he arrive?
[1/63km]
A River flows at 3m/s and in 300m wide. A man swims across the river with velocity of 2m/s
directed always perpendicular to flow of current.(a) How long does it take the man to cross the
river? (b) In what direction does he actually move relative to shore? (c) How far down the river
(from starting point) does he reach the opposite bank?
[(a)
150s
(b)
tan-1(2/3)
(c)
15013m]
8)
A man can swim with a speed of 4.0 km/h in still water. How long does he take to cross a river 1.0
km wide if the river flows steadily at 3.0 km/h and he maker his strokes normal to river current?
How Far down the river does he go when he reaches the other bank?
[ 25h, 75 km]
Destination
Kinematics
9)
Relative Motion
Two Swimmer start at same time from point A on one bank of the river to reach to point B on the
other bank lying directly opposite to pint A. One of them crosses the river along the straight line
AB, While the other swims at right angle to the stream and then walks the distance which he has
been carried away by the stream to get to point B. Both Swimmer reach point B at same time.
What was velocity (assumed uniform) of his walking if the velocity of both the swimmer in still
water is 2.5km/h and stream velocity is 2km/h?
[3km/h]
Assignment: Man in Rain
1)
1
Rain is Falling Vertically with a speed of 35ms . Wind Start blowing after sometime with a
1
speed of 12ms in east to west direction. In which direction should a boy waiting at bus stop
tan 1 0.343
hold his umbrella?

2)
1
Rain is Falling, vertically with a speed of 30ms . A woman rides a bicycle with a speed of
10ms 1 in the north south direction. What is the direction in which she should hold the
Umbrella?
3)
o
[ About 18 with vertical towards South]
o
A man standing on a road has to hold his Umbrella at 30 with the vertical to keep the rain away.
He throws the umbrella and start running at 10 km/h. He finds that the rain drops are hitting his
head vertically. Find the speed of rain drops with respect to(a)the road(b)the moving man ?
(a) 20 km/hr (b) 10 3 km
4)
A man is walking on the level road at a speed of 3.0km/hr. Raindrops fall vertically with a speed
of 4.0km/hr. Find the velocity of raindrops with respect to man?
5)
[5km/hr]
A man standing on a road has to hold his umbrella at 30 0 with the vertical to keep the rain away.
He throws the umbrella and start running at 10km/hr. He finds that rain drops are hitting his head
vertically. Find the speed of raindrops (a) with respect to the road (b) with respect to the moving
man.
[20km/hr, 103 km/hr]
10
Destination
Kinematics
6)
Relative Motion
A man running on a horizontal road at 8km/hr finds that rain falling vertically. He increases his
speed to 12km/hr and finds that the drops make angle of 30 0 with the vertical. Find the speed and
direction of the rain with respect to the road.
7)
[47 km/hr]
In a harbor, wind is blowing at the speed of 72 km/h an the flag on mast of boat anchored in the
harbor flutters along N = E direction. If the boat starts moving at a speed of 51km/hr to the north.
What is the direction of flag on the mast of the boat?
[ East Approximately ]
Advanced: Relative Velocity
2i 2 j
1)
A person sitting in train moving with velocity
saw a child throwing the ball in vertically
upward direction with a velocity of 10m/s from the ground. What would be the relative velocity of
ball wrt the person sitting in car.
2)
Two persons are at the ends of train of 100m length start moving towards each other with equal
speed wrt train and train was moving at 20m/s. If the persons meet after 5sec. What was their
speed wrt ground.
3)
A rickshaw walla running the rickshaw at a speed of 30m/s trying to catch a bike running at 40m/s
with uniform retardation of 2m/s2. The initial distance between the two was 2km. After how long
rickshaw walla will catch the bike.
4)
There are 2 elevators at a distance of 20m going in upward direction with velocity 10m/s and 5m/s
respectively. A person standing in first elevator throws a ball horizontally with a speed of 10m/s
wrt his elevator. What would be the relative velocity of ball wrt person standing in second
elevator.
2i 2 j
5)
A body is moving with the velocity
and a man has just started from rest with an
2k
acceleration of
. Find the relative velocity of body w.r.t man after 10sec? Also draw the graph
of distance between man and body with time, If both started from one point and move in same
direction.
6)
If two cars start moving in opposite direction with different initial speed.
Car1 moving in -x direction from x = 20m with a speed of 2m/s and with acceleration 1m/s2
Car2 moving in + x direction from x = -10m with a speed of 4m/s.
11
Destination
Kinematics
Relative Motion
What would be velocity of car1 wrt car2 at t = 2sec. Also draw the distance versus time curve
between car1 and car2?
12
Destination
Kinematics
Motion in Plane
MOTION IN PLANE
When a body moves in a plane (x y or y z or x-z) or (x y z ), then the motion as composed of

different velocities separately in x as Vx, in y as Vy and in zas Vz .
Ex : If a body moves in (x-y) plane : It will have a definite velocity in x & in y axis.
ur
V 2$
i 3 $j
For example
2$
i
velocity in x axis.
3 $j
velocity in y axis.
Projectile : Projectile is the name given to a body thrown with some initial velocity and then allowed to
fall freely under the action of gravity. The Motion so called is Projectile Motion.
Important Note : Under projectile motion, the acceleration due to gravity acts in vertically downward
direction.There is no acceleration in x axis (Horizontal direction).
Example :
(a) A bullet fired from rifle.

(b) A bomb released from aeroplane.
Conditions : (a) The effect of frictional force due to air is taken negligible.
(b) The acceleration due to gravity (g) is taken constant.
HORIZONTAL PROJECTILE:
Initial velocity = u
H
(y = 0)
(0,0)
X
Initials :
X analysis
ux u
Y analysis
uy 0
10
Destination
Kinematics
Motion in Plane
ax 0
ay g
x0 0
y0 H
Time of fall:
u
r ur r
1 r
y y0 u y t ayt 2
2
0 ( H ) (0) t
1
( g )t 2
2
1
H gt 2
2
2H
(TimeofFlight )
g
Horizontal Range :
r r r
1 r
x x0 u x t axt 2
2
0 ( X ) u t
X 0ut
y
u sin
X u
vy = 0
H
1
(0)t 2
2
1
(0)t 2
2
2H
g
u
ANGULAR PROJECTILE :
u cos
(y = 0)
(x, t)
11
Destination
Kinematics
Initials :
Motion in Plane
X analysis
Y analysis
u x u cos
u y u sin
ax 0
ay g
x0 0
y0 0
TIME OF FLIGHT : It is the total time taken by body to reach from Initial position to Final position.
u
r ur r
1 r
y y0 u y t ayt 2
2
1
0 0 (u sin ) t ( g )t 2
2
2u sin
g
Note : Time of Ascent = Time of descent (Due to symmetry of path)

u sin
g
Therefore time taken from ground to maximum height =
Maximum Height or Vertical Range : It is the maximum height in vertical direction achieved by a body
under projectile Motion.
r u
r u
r
Vy 2 U y 2 2 a y ( y y 0 )
Vy 0
12
Destination
Kinematics
Motion in Plane
U y u sin
ay g
(0) 2 (u sin )2 2( g ) ( H 0)
u 2 sin 2 2 gH
H
u 2 sin 2
2g
Horizontal Range : It is the maximum horizontal distance covered by a body under projectile motion.
r r r 1 r
x x 0 u t axt 2
2
1
X 0 (u cos ) t (0)t 2
2
X u cos (
2u sin
)
g
u 2 (2sin cos )
g
=>
u 2 sin 2
X
[Q Sin2 2sin cos ]
g
Special case :
(a) Maximum value of Horizontal Range :
u 2 sin 2
X
sin 2 should be Maximum
g
For Maximum valaue of X,
sin 2 1
[Q
sin function Max. value =1]
2 90o
450
13
Destination
Kinematics
Motion in Plane
(b) When two bodies are thrown with same Initial velocities at two angles as
90o
, then Horizontal range will remain same.
2
u sin 2
H1
g
H2
&
u 2 sin 2(90 ) u 2 sin(180 2) u 2 sin 2
g
g
g
H1 H 2
TRAJECTORY : It is the path followed by a body under the projectile motion.

EQUATION OF TRAJECTORY :
It is the equation that defines the relationship between the X axis
co ordinate & Y axis coordinate.

X analysis :
r r r
1r
x x0 u xt a xt 2
2
x0 0
[
[Started from origin ]]
1
x 0 (u cos )t (0) t 2
2
t
Y analysis
x
........(1)
u cos
u
r uu
r uu
r 1 uu
r
y y0 u y t a y t 2
2
1
y 0 (u sin )t ( g ) t 2
2
Substitute t from (1)

2
x
1
x
y u sin (
) g
u cos 2 u cos
14
Destination
Kinematics
Motion in Plane
1
x2
y x tan g 2
2 u cos 2
Equation of Trajectory :
x
x tan (1 )
R
or y
where R is the Horizontal Range
Velocity of Projectile after time t

Vx u x a x t Vx u cos
Vy u y a yt Vy u sin gt
V Vx2 Vy 2 (u cos ) 2 (u sin gt ) 2
Conceptual : Motion in two dimension
1)
Can an object accelerate if its speed is constant? Can an object accelerate if its velocity is constant?
2)
If the average velocity of a particle is zero in some time interval, what can you say about the
displacement of the particle for that interval?
3)
If you know the position vectors of a particle at two points along its paths and also knew the time
it took to go from one point to another, can you determine the particle instantaneous velocity? Its
average velocity? Explain.
4)
Describe a situation in which the velocity of a particle is always perpendicular to the position
vector?
5)
If a rock is dropped from the top of a sailboats mast, will it hit the deck at same point regardless
of whether the boat is at rest or in motion at constant velocity?
6)
A stone is thrown upward from the top of a building. Does the stones displacement depend on
location of the origin of the coordinate system? Does the stones velocity depend on the location
of origin?
7)
Is it possible for a vehicle to travel around a curve without accelerating? Explain.

(10i 15 j )
8)
A baseball is thrown with an initial velocity of
m/s. When it reaches the top of
trajectory, what are (a) its velocity and (b) its acceleration? Neglect the effect of air resistance.
9)
An object moves in a circular path with constant speed v. (a) Is the velocity of object constant?
(b) Is its acceleration constant? Explain.
15
Destination
Kinematics
Motion in Plane
Level-1 Motion in Plane
1)
From the top of the building, a ball is dropped while another is thrown horizontally at the same
time. Which ball will strike the ground first?
2)
Two tall building are 200 m part. With speed must a ball be thrown horizontally from a window
540 m above the ground in one building, so that it will enter a window 50 m above the ground in
20 ms 1
the other.
3)
A body is thrown horizontally from the top of a tower and strikes the ground 2 seconds at an angle
45o
of
with horizontal. Find the height of the tower and speed with which the body was projected.
g 9.8ms 2
[
4)
[19.6 m, 19.6 ms1]
A hunter aims his gun and fires a bullet directly at a monkey in a tree. At the Instant the bullet
leaves the barrel of gun, the monkey drops will the bullet hit the monkey .
5)
6)
[ 19.6 ms1]
Find the minimum velocity with which Horizontal Range is 39.2 m.
ms 1
A ball is thrown upwards with velocity of 80
30o
at an angle of
to horizontal. Find its

[ 75.57 ms1]
velocity after 1 second.
9.8ms 1
30o
7)
[yes]
A ball is projected downwards at an angle of
to horizontal with a velocity of
from top
of a tower 29.4 high. How long will it take before striking the ground.
[2.0s]
kmh 1
8)
A stone dropped From a window of a bus moving at 60
. If the window is 196 cm high.
Find the distance along the track which the stone moves before. Striking the ground.
[10.54 m]
16
Destination
Kinematics
Motion in Plane
Kmh 1
9)
A fighter plane flying horizontally at an attitude of 1.5 km with a speed of T 20
passes
directly overhead of gun. At what angle from the vertical should the gun be fixed for the shell with
[ 30o to vertical]
ms 1
muzzle speed 400
to hit the plane?
Daily Practice Sheet -1

1)
Two projectiles are fired at different angles with the same magnitude of velocity, such that they
have the same range. At what angles they might have been
2)
3)
4)
5)
(a) 250 and 650

(b) 350 and 750
(c) 100and 500
(d) None of these
Ans.
a
y component of velocity is 20 ms-1 and x component of velocity is 10 ms-1. The direction of motion
of the body with the horizontal at this instant is
(a) tan-1 (2)
(b) tan-1 (1/2)
(c) 450
(d) 00
Ans.
a
4 3
The horizontal range of a projectile is
times its maximum height. Its angle of projection will
be
(a) 450
(b) 600
(c) 900
(d) 300
Ans.
d
The range of particle when launched at an angle of 150 with the horizontal is 1.5 km. What is the
range of the projectile when launched at an angle of 450 to the horizontal?
(a) 3.0 km
(b) 1.54 km
(c) 6.0 km
(d) 0.75 km
Ans.
a
A body is projected at an angle with respect to horizontal direction with velocity u. The
maximum range of the body is
u 2 sin 2
u 2 sin 2
u2
R
R
R
g
2g
g
(a)
6)
7)
(b)
(c)
(d) R = u2 sin
Ans.
c
At the top of the trajectory of a projectile, the direction of its velocity and acceleration are
(a) perpendicular to each other
(b) parallel to each other
(c) inclined to each other at angle of 450
(d) anti parallel to each
other
Ans.
a
The maximum height attained by a projectile when thrown at an angle with the horizontal is
found to be half the horizontal range. Then is equal to

1

6
2
4
-1
-1
(a) tan (2)
(b)
(c)
(d) tan
17
Destination
Kinematics
Ans.
Motion in Plane
a
8)
9)
10)
11)
12)
13)
14)
15)
A stone is thrown at a angle

flight of stone will be
2H
g
to the horizontal reaches a maximum height H. Then the time of

2
2H
g
2 2 H sin
g
2 H sin
g
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Ans.
b
A ball thrown by one player reaches the other in 2 s. The maximum height attained by the ball
above the point of projection will be (g = 10 ms-2)
(a) 2.5 m
(b) 5 m
(c) 7.5 m
(d) 10 m
Ans.
b
For an object thrown at 450 to horizontal, the maximum height (H) and horizontal range (R) are
related as
(a) R = 16 H
(b) R = 8 H
(c) R = 4H
(d) R = 2 H
Ans.
c
A projectile is thrown at angle

with vertical. It reaches a maximum height H. The time taken to
reach the highest point of its path is
2H
H
H
H
g
g
2g
g cos
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Ans.
b
If a person can throw a stone to maximum height of h metre vertically, then the maximum distance
through metre vertically, then the maximum distance through which it can be thrown horizontally
by the same person
h
2
(a)
(b) h
(c) 2h
(d) 3h
Ans.
c
A man can throw a stone to a maximum distance of 80 m. The maximum height to which it will
rise in metre, is
(a) 30 m
(b) 20 m
(c) 10 m
(d) 40 m
Ans.
b
90
H1
Two stones are projected with same velocity v at an angle and (

). If H and
are the
H1
greatest height in the two paths, what is the relation between R, H and
?
R 4 HH1
R HH1
R HH1
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d) none of these
Ans.
a
Two bodies are projected from ground with equal speed 20 ms-1 from the same position in the same
vertical plane to have equal range but at different angles above the horizontal. If one of the angle
is 300 the sum of their maximum height is (assume g = 10 ms-2)
(a) 440 m
(b) 20 m
(c) 30 m
(d) 40 m
18
Destination
Kinematics
Ans.
16)
Motion in Plane
d
A stone thrown at an angle

flight of stone will be
2H
g
to the horizontal reaches a maximum height H. Then the time of

2
2 2 H sin
g
2H
g
2 H sin
g
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Ans.
b
17)
For a given angle of projection, if the time of flight of a projectile is doubled, the horizontal range
will increase
(a) four time
(b) thrice
(c) once
(d) twice
Ans.
a
18)
An object is thrown along a direction making an angle 450 with the horizontal direction. The
horizontal range of the object is equal to
(a) twice the vertical height
(b) vertical height
(c) four times the vertical height
(d) three times the vertical
height
Ans.
c
Daily Practice Problem-2
Tf
1.
The relation between the time of flight of a projectile

tm
height
is
T f 2tm
T f tm
3.
4.
5.
6.
Tf
tm
2
Tf
tm
2
(b)
(c)
(d)
During projectile motion, the horizontal velocity
(a) first increases then decreases
(b) first decreases then increases
(c) Always increases
(d) always constant
The angle for which maximum height and horizontal range are same for a projectile is
(a) 320
(b) 480
(c) 760
(d) 840
The maximum height attained by a projectile when thrown at an angle with the horizontal is
found to be half the horizontal range. Then is equal to
1
tan 1 ( )
6
4
2
tan -1 (2)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(a)
The angle of projection for which the horizontal range and the maximum height of a projectile are
equal is
(a) 450
(b) = tan-1(4)
(c) = tan-1(0.25)
(d) None of these
A missile is fired for maximum range with an initial velocity of 20 ms-1. If g = 10 ms 2, the range of
the missile is
(a) 50 m
(b) 60 m
(c) 20 m
(d) 40 m
(a)
2.
and the time to reach the maximum
19
Destination
Kinematics
Motion in Plane
v0
7.
(a)
(b)
T
8.
9.
10.
11.
If a projectile is launched with velocity , making an angle

is
v 2 sin 2
v 2 sin
T 0
T 0
g
2g
with x axis, then its time of fight T

T
v02
g
(c)
(d)
2v0 sin
g
If a person can throw a stone to maximum height of h metre vertically, then the maximum distance
through which it can be thrown horizontally by the same person is
h
2
(a)
(b) h
(c) 2h
(d) 3h
The height y and the distance x along the horizontal plane of a projectile on a certain planet (with
no surrounding atmosphere) are given by y = 8t 5t 2 m and x = 6t m, where t is in second. The
velocity with which the projectile is projected is
(a) 6 ms-1
(b) 89 ms-1
(c) 10 ms-1
(d) 14 ms-1
2
2
For a projectile (range) is 48 times of (maximum height) obtained. Find the angle of projection.
(a) 600
(b) 300
(c) 450
(d) 750
A particle is projected with a velocity v such that its range on the horizontal plane is twice the
greatest height attained by it. The range of the projectile is (where g is acceleration due to gravity)
4v 2
v2
4g
5g
g
5v 2
(a)
4v
(b)
(c)
(d)
5g
(u x )
12.
Which of the following in the graph between the horizontal velocity

(t), when it is projected the ground?
of a projectile and time
t1 and t2
13.
A projectile can have the same range R for two angles of projection. If
be the times of
flights in the two cases, then the product of the two times of flight is proportional to
1
1
2
R
(a) R2
(b)
(c)
(d) R
20
Destination
Kinematics
14.
Motion in Plane
Two stones are projected with the same speed but making different angles with the horizontal.
/3
Their horizontal ranges are equal. The angle of projection of one is
and the maximum height
reached by it is 102 m. Then the maximum height reached by the other in metre is
(a) 336
(b) 224
(c) 56
(d) 34
15.
A body is projected at an angle

with respect to horizontal direction with velocity u. The
maximum range of the body is
u 2 sin 2
u 2 sin 2
u2
R
R
R
g
2g
g
(b)
(a)
(c)
(d)
R u sin 2
2
16.
17.
A particle is thrown vertical upwards. Its velocity at half of the height is 10 ms-1. Then the
maximum height attained by it is (Take g = 10 ms-2)
(a) 16 m
(b) 10m
(c) 8 m
(d) 18 m
An arrow is shot in air. Its range is 200 m and its time of flight is 5 s. If g = 10 ms-2, then the
horizontal component of velocity of the arrow is
31.25 ms 1
40 ms 1
(a) 12.5
ms-1
(b) 25 ms-1
(c)
(d)
t 3 and y t 3
18.
The coordinates of a moving particle at any time t are given by x =

the particle at time t is given by
3t 2 2
19.
20.
. The speed of
t2 2 2
3t 2 2 2
2 2
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
The position x of a particle with respect to time t along X-axis is given by x = 9t2 t3 where x is in
metre and t in second. What will be the position of this particle when it achieves maximum speed
along the + X direction?
(a) 32 m
(b) 54 m
(c) 81 m
(d) 24 m
A particle starting from the origin (0, 0) moves in a straight line in the (x, y) plane. Its coordinates
( 3 ,3)
at a later time are
(a) 300
. The path of the particle makes with the X-axis an angle of

(b) 450
(c) 600
21.
f0
(d) 00
t
1
T
f0
, at time t, given by =
, where
f
(v x )
and T are constants. The particle at t = 0 and the instant when = 0, the particles velocity
is
A particle moving along X-axis has acceleration
21
Destination
Kinematics
Motion in Plane
f0 T 2
f0 T
1
f0 T
2
f0 T 3
(b)
(c)
(d)
(a)
Answer Key :
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
Daily Practice Problem-3

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
A cricketer hits a ball with a velocity 25 ms-1 at 600above the horizontal. How far above the ground
it passes over a fielder 50 m from the bat (assume the ball is struck very close to the ground)
(a) 8.2 m
(b) 9.0 m
(c) 11.6 m
(d) 12.7 m
Ans.
a
2
Two projectiles A and B thrown with speeds in the ratio 1 :
acquired the same heights. If A is
thrown at an angle of 450 with the horizontal, the angle of projection of B will be
(a) 00
(b) 600
(c) 300
(d) 450
Ans.
c
An artillery piece which consistently shoots its shells with the same muzzle speed has a maximum
R
2
range R. To hit a target which is
from the gun and on the same level, the elevation angle of the
gun should be
(a) 150
(b) 450
(c) 300
(d) 600
Ans.
a
If a body is projected with an angle to the horizontal, then

(a) Its velocity is always perpendicular to its acceleration
(b) its velocity becomes zero as its maximum height
(c) its velocity makes zero angle with the horizontal at its maximum height
(d) the body just before hitting the ground, the direction of velocity coincides with the acceleration
Ans.
c
Two bullets are fired simultaneously, horizontally and with different speeds from the same place.
Which bullet will hit the ground first?
(a) The faster bullet
(b) The slower bullet
(c) Both will hit simultaneously
(d) Depends on the masses
Ans.
c
Two particles A and B are projected with same speed so that ratio of their maximum heights
reached is 3 : 1. If the speed of A is doubled without altering other parameters, the ratio of the
horizontal ranges attained by A and B is
(a) 1 : 1
(b) 2 : 1
(c) 4 : 1
(d) 3 : 2
22
Destination
Kinematics
7)
8)
9)
10)
11)
12)
13)
14)
15)
Motion in Plane
Ans.
c
A projectile is thrown in the upward direction making an angle of 600 with the horizontal direction
with a velocity of 147 ms-1. Then the time after which its inclination with the horizontal is 450, is
(a) 15 s
(b) 10.98 s
(c) 5.49 s
(d) 2.745 s
Ans.
d
2gh
A particle is projected with velocity
, such that it just crosses two walls of height h and
separated by h. Find the angle of projection
(a) 150
(b) 750
(c) 600
(d) 300
Ans.
d
At the height 80 m, an aeroplane is moving with 150 ms-1. A bomb is dropped from it, so as to hit a
target. At what distance from the target should bomb be dropped? (g = 10 ms-2)
(a) 605.3 m
(b) 600 m
(c) 80 m
(d) 230 m
Ans.
b
A fielder in a cricket match throws ball from the boundary line to the wicket keeper. The ball
describes a parabolic path. Which of the following quantities remain constant during the motion in
air? (Neglecting air resistance)
(a) Kinetic energy
(b) Vertical component of velocity
(c) Horizontal component of velocity
(d) Speed
Ans.
c
A bullet fired at an angle of 300 with the horizontal hits the ground 3 km away. By adjusting its
angle of projection, a can one hope to hit a target 5 km away. Assume the muzzle speed to the
same and the air resistance is negligible
(a) Possible to hit a target 5 km away
(b) Not possible to hit a target 5 km away
(c) Prediction is not possible
(d) None of these
Ans.
b
A projectile is fired making an angle 2 with horizontal with velocity 4ms-1. At any instant it
makes an angle , and then its velocity is

4 cos
4 (2 cos sec )
2(sec 4 cos )
4 (sec cos )
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Ans.
b
2
Two projectiles A and B thrown with speeds in the ratio 1 :
acquired the same heights. If A is
thrown at an angle of 450 with the horizontal, the angle of projection of B will be
(a) 00
(b) 600
(c) 300
(d) 450
Ans.
c
A projectile is thrown at angle

with vertical. It reaches a maximum height H. The time taken to
reach the height point of its path is
2H
H
H
H
g
g
2g
g cos
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Ans.
b
A cricketer hits a ball with a velocity 25 ms-1at 600above the horizontal. How far above the ground
it passes over a fielder 50 m from the bat (assume the ball is struck very close to the ground)
23
Destination
Kinematics
16)
17)
18)
Motion in Plane
(a) 8.2 m
(b) 9.0 m
(c) 11.6 m
(d) 12.7 m
Ans.
a
A rifle shoots a bullet with a muzzle velocity of 500 ms-1 at a small target 50 m away. To hit the
target the rifle must be aimed (Take g = 10 ms-2)
(a) Exactly at the target (b) 10 cm below the target (c) 5 cm above the target
(d) 5 cm below the target
Ans.
d
A bomber plane is moving horizontally with a speed of 500 ms-1 and a bomb released from it,
strikes the ground in 10 s. Angle at which the bomb strikes the ground is (g = 10 ms-2)
1
1
tan 1 ( )
sin 1 ( )
tan 1 (1)
tan 1 (5)
5
5
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Ans.
d
The number of bullets are fired in all possible direction with the same initial velocity u. The
maximum area of ground covered by bullets is
2u 2
19)
u
2
g
u

2 g
u 2
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Ans.
d
At the height 80 m an aeroplane is moved with 150 ms-1. A bomb is dropped from it so as to hit a
target. At what distance from the target should the bomb be dropped? (Given g = 10 ms-2)
(a) 605.3 m
(b) 600 m
(c) 80 m
(d) 230 m
Ans.
b
Assignment: Advanced
1)
A stone is thrown from the top of building upward at an angle of 300 to the horizontal and with an
initial speed of 20.0 m/s. If the height of the building is 45.0m, (a) how long is it before the stone
hits the ground?
(3.0i 6t 2 j )
2)
The vector position of a particle varies in time according to the expression R =
m. (a)
Find expression for the velocity and acceleration as functions of time. (b) Determine the particles
position and velocity at t = 1.00s.
( xi yj )
3)
Suppose that the position vector for a particle is given as R =
with x = at + b and y = ct2 +
d, where a = 1.00m/s, b = 1.00m, c = 0.125m/s2, and d = 1.00m. (a) Calculate the average velocity
during the time interval from t = 2.00s to t = 4.00s. (b) Determine the speed and velocity at t =
2.00s.
24
Destination
Kinematics
Motion in Plane
($
i 2 $j )
4)
A projectile is given an initial velocity of
$j
where i is unit vector along horizontal and
is a
y 2 x 5x2
unit vector ally upwards. Find the Cartesian equation of its path.
(3.0 j )
5)
m/s2 and an initial velocity
A particle initially located at the origin has an acceleration of A =
of Vi = 5.00m/s. Find (a) the vector position and velocity at any timet and (b) the coordinates and
speed of the particle at t = 2.00m/s.
6)
At t = 0, a particle moving in the x-y plane with constant acceleration has a velocity of vi =
(3.0i 2.0 j )
(9.0i 7.0 j )
m/s when it is at the origin. At t = 3.00s, the particles velocity is v =

m/s. Find (a) the acceleration of the particle and (b) its coordinate at any time t.
7)
A projectile is fired in such a way that its horizontal range is equal to three times its maximum
height. What is angle of projection?
8)
A particle has velocity components Vx = +4m/s Vy = -(6m/s2)t + 4m/s

=tan -1 (
Calculate the speed of particle and the direction of
Vy
Vx
of the velocity vector at
t=2.0sec?0
9)
A quarterback throws a football straight toward a receiver with an initial speed of 20.0 m/s at an
angle of 300 above the horizontal. At that instant, the receiver is 20.0m from the quarterback. In
what direction and with what constant speed should the receiver run to catch the football at the
level at which it was thrown?

10)
A boy can throw a ball a maximum horizontal distance of 40.0m on a level field. How far can he
throw the same ball vertically upward? Assume that his muscle give the ball the same speed in
each case.
11)
A projectile is launched with a velocity u at right angles to the slope, which is inclined at an
angle with the horizontal. Derive an expression for the distance R to the point of impact.
25
Destination
Kinematics
Motion in Plane
2
u2
tan sec
g
[ R=
12)
A shell is fired vertically from the canon which is travelling at constant speed u=30km/hr. The
projectile leaves the canon with a velocity 20m/s relative to the canon. Show that the shell land on
the vehicle at the gun location and calculate the distance s travelled by the vehicle during the
flight of shell.
[s=34m]
20m/s
u
13)
A girl throws a ball at a vertical wall 4m away .The ball is 2m above the ground when it leaves the
V0 10i 10 j
girls hand with an initial velocity of
m/s. when the ball hits the wall, the horizontal
component of its velocity is reversed ; the vertical component remains unchanged. where does the
ball hits the ground?
[18.2m away
from wall]
14)
A car is travelling on highway at 225m/s; a passenger throws a ball 450 angle of elevation in a
plane perpendicular to the motion of the car. The initial velocity of the car is 10m/s. The ball is
released at height of 1.2 m above the road. (a) Write the initial velocity of the ball relative to road
i, j , k
in terms of unit vectors
(d) where does the ball lands?

39.9i 11.33 j
25i 7.07 j
[(a)
(b)
Objective: Projectile Motion

1)
In case of projectile motion A and B are projected with same speed at angles 150 and 750
respectively to the horizontal then:
26
Destination
Kinematics
Motion in Plane
(a) HA > HB
2)
(c)TA > TB
(d) TA < TB
A bomb is released by a horizontally flying aero plane. The Trajectory of the bomb is a :
(a) Straight line
3)
(b) HA < HB
(b) Parabola
(c) Hyperbola
(d) Circle
If a body A of mass M is thrown with velocity V at an angle 300 to the horizontal and another
body B of same mass is thrown at an angle of 600 to the horizontal, the ratio of range of A and B
will be :
(a) 1: 3
(b) 3:1
(c) 1:3
(d) 1:1
4)
An object is thrown along a direction inclined at an angle of 45 0 with the

horizontal. The Horizontal range of the particle is :
(a) is equal to the vertical height
(b) is equal to twice the vertical height
(c) is equal to thrice the vertical height
(d) is equal to four times the vertical height
5)
At what angle to the horizontal should an object be projected so that the

maximum height reached is equal to the horizontal range:
(a) tan = 2
6)
(b) tan = 4
(c) tan = 2/3
(d) tan = 3
A cricket ball is hit for six leaving the bat at an angle of 45 0 to the horizontal
with kinetic energy K. At the top the kinetic energy of the ball is:
(a) 2m/s
7)
(b) 2.8m/s
(c) 104m/s
(d) 1 m/s
The greatest height to which a man can throw a stone is h. The greatest
distance to which he can throw will be :
(a)h
8)
(b) h/2
(c)2h
(d) 4h
A box containing food supplies is released from an aeroplane moving

horizontally at height of 490m with velocity of 180km/hr. The box will move
horizontally while falling just before striking the earth by:
(a) 180m
(b) 98m
(c) 500m
(d)750m
9)
A person standing at some distance from the high tree throws a stone taking
aim at fruit hanging from the tree. The fruit begins to fall freely at the time
when the person throws the stone. Of the following statements which is
correct?
(a) The Stone moves above the falling fruit
27
Destination
Kinematics
Motion in Plane
(b) The Stone strikes the fruit if the stone is thrown with a definite speed
(c) The Stone moves below the falling fruit
(d) The stone always hit the fruit
10)
A particle is thrown with the speed u at an angle with the horizontal. When the
particle makes an angle with the horizontal, its speed will be :
(a) ucos
11)
(b) ucos ()sec( )
(c) ucos ()cos( )
(d) usec()cos( )
Two particles A and B are shot from the same height at t = 0 in opposite
directions with horizontal velocities 3m/s and 4m/s respectively. If they are
subjected to the same vertical acceleration due to gravity (g=9.8m/s 2), the
distance between them when their velocity vectors become mutually
perpendicular is:
(a)1.059m
12)
(b)1.412m
(c) 2.474m
(d) 9.8m
A body is projected vertically up from the ground. Taking air resistance into
account, if t1 is the time taken in going up while t2 in coming down to starting
point then:[Hint: Air resistance act opposite to direction of motion, it will
provide the retardation to motion in both the cases]
(a)t1>t2
(c) t1<t2
(b) t1 =t2
(d) t1 can be greater or smaller depending upon initial velocity
of the body
13)
A particle is projected upwards with a velocity of 100m/s at an angle of 600 with the vertical. Find
the time when the particle will move perpendicular to its initial direction, Taking g = 10m/s 2.
(a) 10second
14)
(b) 20second
(c) 5second
(d) 103 second
A canon ball has the same range R on a horizontal plane for the two angles of projection. If h1 and
h2 are the greatest height in the two paths for which this is possible, then :
4 h1h2
(a) R = h1h2
15)
(b) R=
(c) R=
h1h2
h1h2
(d) R =
A projectile is thrown in the upward direction making an angle of 600 with the horizontal direction
with a velocity of 147m/s. Then the time after which its inclination with the horizontal is 45 0 is:
(a) 15s
16)
(b) 10.98s
(c) 5.49s
(d) 2.745s
A body is thrown vertically upward at t = 0. It is at height 80m at two instants t1 and t2 , then t1t2 is
(Take g=10m/s2 )
(a) 30
(b)24
(c)16
(d)12
28
Destination
Kinematics
17)
Motion in Plane
A body is thrown vertically upward at t = 0. It is at height 80m at two instants t1 and t2. Also it is at
height 60m at instants t1` and t2`. Then :
(a) t1+ t2 = t1`+ t2`
18)
(b) t1+ t2 > t1`+ t2`
(c) t1+ t2 < t1`+ t2`
(d) None of these
A particle is projected from point A with velocity u at an angle with horizontal. In its
parabolic path, at point P the particle is moving at right angle to its initial direction of projection.
Its velocity at P is :
(a) u tan
19)
(b) u cot
(c) u cos
(d)u cosec
A projectile can have the same range R for two angles of projection. if t 1 and t2
are times of flight in two cases then:
(a) t1 t2 is proportional to R2
(b) t1 t2 is proportional to 1/R2
(c) t1 t2 is proportional to R
(d) t1 t2 is proportional to 1/R
20)
An artillery piece which consistently shoots its shells with the same muzzle
speed has the maximum range R. To hit a target which is R/2 from the gun and
on the same level, the elevation angle of the gun should be :
(a) 150
(b)450
(c)300
(d)600
Answer Key :
1.
b,d
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
29

Two Dimension Motion

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Chapter -

* Copyright (c) reserved with Destination

By Er. Sombir Ahlawat Sir

= Velocity of A w.r.t ground.

= Velocity of B w.r.t ground.

Contact No. 8930818212

By Er. Sombir Ahlawat Sir

= 25 units in direction +x axis

Two bodies moves in opposite direction (outgoing)

= 25 & direction in x axis

in same direction with 4m/s, 10m/s,12ms velocity. Find out the

Vab , Vbc ,Vca

[-6i, -2i, 8i]

RELATIVE VELOCITY IN PLANE

Ahlawat Tower, Near HDFC and PNB, Rohtak

Contact No. 8930818212

By Er. Sombir Ahlawat Sir

Let assume 2 particles A & B with velocity

as seen from ground. So the relative velocity of A with

respect to B mean that the velocity of A when observed from body B.

-> angle b/w

-> angle b/w

VA 2 +VB 2 +2VA VB cos(180 )

Ahlawat Tower, Near HDFC and PNB, Rohtak

Contact No. 8930818212

By Er. Sombir Ahlawat Sir

(a) When Swimmer tends to cross river in shortest distance

will act in vertical direction.

Divide (1) by (2)

Ahlawat Tower, Near HDFC and PNB, Rohtak

Contact No. 8930818212

By Er. Sombir Ahlawat Sir

When Swimmer tends to cross river in shortest time.

To cover river in shortest time, the velocity of swimmer with

respect to river should be vertical .

Ahlawat Tower, Near HDFC and PNB, Rohtak

Contact No. 8930818212

By Er. Sombir Ahlawat Sir

To cross the vertical distance D in Minimum time, the whole component

shall be in vertical direction.

[ angle with vertical]

MAN IN RAIN SCENARIO

Velocity of man with respect to ground

Velocity of rain with respect to ground

Velocity of rain with respect to man

Ahlawat Tower, Near HDFC and PNB, Rohtak

Contact No. 8930818212

By Er. Sombir Ahlawat Sir

Vrg Vmg Vrm

Vrg 2 +Vmg 2 +2Vrg Vmg cos(180 90)

Vmg sin(180 90)

Rain is Falling vertically with a speed of

. A woman rides a bicycle with a

in East to West direction. What is the direction in which she should

hold her umbrella ?

A car A is moving with a speed of 40

A train 110 m in length travels at 60

. In what time will it pass a man who is walking at 6

[ 6 sec, 7.33 sec ]

. In what time will they completely cross each other.

Ahlawat Tower, Near HDFC and PNB, Rohtak

Contact No. 8930818212

By Er. Sombir Ahlawat Sir

Two buses start From a bus stand with velocities 10 kmh