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Laboratrio de Fisiologia e Farmacologia do Sistema Nervoso Central, Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Paran
(UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brasil
Resumo
Objetivo: Revisar os estudos clnicos controlados sobre a efetividade de
plantas medicinais/fitoterpicos no transtorno de ansiedade generalizada.
Mtodo: Realizou-se uma busca (Medline, Web of Science, SciELO,
Biblioteca Cochrane) por artigos originais utilizando as palavras [plant
OR phytomed* OR extract OR herbal OR medicinal (OR specific name
plants)] AND (anxie* OR anxioly* OR tranquil* OR GAD), delimitada
a human OR clinical trial OR randomized controlled trial OR metaanalysis OR review e lngua inglesa. Os critrios de incluso foram:
estudos randomizados, comparativos e duplo-cegos. Resultados: Foram
selecionados sete dos 267 artigos encontrados. O Piper methysticum
(kava-kava) foi o fitoterpico mais estudado, sendo sugerido um efeito
ansioltico. Entretanto, a maioria destes estudos incluiu outros transtornos
de ansiedade e os dois estudos com transtorno de ansiedade generalizada
apresentaram resultados contraditrios. Estudos isolados envolvendo
Ginkgo biloba, Galphimia glauca, Matricaria recutita (camomila), Passiflora
incarnata e Valeriana officinalis indicaram potencial efeito ansioltico no
transtorno de ansiedade generalizada. A Ginkgo biloba e a Matricaria
recutita apresentaram um effect size (d de Cohen = 0,47 e 0,87) similar
ou superior ao dos ansiolticos atuais (0,17-0,38). No foram localizados
estudos com outras plantas. Concluso: Apesar do potencial teraputico
dos fitoterpicos no transtorno de ansiedade generalizada, poucos ensaios
clnicos controlados foram identificados, com a maioria apresentando
limitaes metodolgicas.
Abstract
Objective: This work aimed to identify controlled trials, which evaluated
effectiveness of herbal medicines in subjects suffering generalized anxiety
disorder. Method: Controlled studies (randomized, comparative with placebo
and/or standard drug, double-blind) were sought through electronic and
hand-searches. The word strategy used plant OR phytomed* OR extract OR
herbal OR medicinal (OR specific name plants) e anxie* OR anxioly* OR
tranquil* OR GAD, limited to human OR clinical trial OR randomized
controlled trial OR meta-analysis OR review. The search was restricted to
English language. Results: Piper methysticum presented an unequivocal
anxiolytic effect, but most studies also included patients with other anxiety
disorders (e.g. phobias). Isolated studies with Ginkgo biloba, Galphimia
glauca, Matricaria recutita, Passiflora incarnata and Valeriana officinalis
showed a potential use for anxious diseases. Despite this low number of studies,
Ginkgo biloba and Matricaria recutita showed an effect size (Cohens d =
0.47 to 0.87) similar or higher to standard anxiolytics drugs (benzodiazepines,
buspirone and antidepressants 0.17 to 0.38). No additional study with other
plants was found. Conclusion: Despite the therapeutic potential of medicinal
plants in generalized anxiety disorder, very few controlled trials assessing
herbal medicines in generalized anxiety disorder were found. Additionally,
these studies present serious flaw design.
Descriptors: Controlled clinical trial; Phytotherapeutic drugs; Plants,
medicinal; Review; Anxiety disorders
Introduo
Vrios frmacos, provenientes de diversas classes teraputicas,
apresentam comprovada eficcia no manejo do transtorno
de ansiedade generalizada (TAG)1,2. Entretanto, todas essas
Correspondncia
Roberto Andreatini
Laboratrio de Fisiologia e Farmacologia do Sistema Nervoso Central, Departamento de Farmacologia, Setor de Cincias Biolgicas,
Universidade Federal do Paran
Centro Politcnico
81540-990, Curitiba, PR, Brasil - Caixa Postal 19031
Tel.: (+55 41) 3361-1716 Fax: (+ 55 41) 3226-2042 / 3336-5962
E-mail: randreatini@ufpr.br
Faustino TT et al.
Faustino TT et al.
Faustino TT et al.
em tamanho significativo, incluso de grupo placebo e drogapadro em dose apropriada, tratamento por perodo adequado e
o emprego de extratos padronizados.
Agradecimentos
RA recebe bolsa de Produtividade em Pesquisa do Conselho Nacional de
Desenvolvimento Cientfico e Tecnolgico (CNPq), nvel 2 e RBA recebe
bolsa de doutorado da Coordenao de Aperfeioamento de Pessoal de
Nvel Superior (CAPES).
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