WATER AVAILABILITY AND QUALITY ASSESSMENT USING HYDROLOGICAL MODEL

Prepared by: Patel Urvi (14bcl087)

Modi Vrushangi (15bcl167)
Sutariya Mansi (15bcl174)

B. Tech. (CIVIL)
Sem. V
Guided By : Prof. Divya Bhatt
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

ABSTRACT

Water resources of the world are under heavy stress due to increased
demand and limitation of available quantity.
Therefore effective management of water resources is to be required.
Availability of water depends mainly on runoff & it is the main component of Rainfall.
Therefore there is need for relation between rainfall and runoff.
There are different ways for rainfall-runoff relationship like some
conceptual model, physically based model and rainfall-runoff simulator.
The Rainfall simulator is the one way to predict Runoff as it is easy
to use, low cost and facilitate the necessary experiment that replicate
field condition.

OBJECTIVE & SCOPE

The objective of this study is to describe the design and operation of a
rainfall simulator to evaluate runoff, infiltration and erosion.
Scope:
To prepare estimate of simulator.
To design Simulator
Analysis of Experimental data

LITERATURE REVIEW
Rainfall simulator Design

(4) Pumping Unit:

Pumping Unit consist of two stroke engine.
Pressure required for experimental study are 29 and 59 kPa.
A 20m long rubber hose carries water from tank to nozzle.
Two manometer are used to control the pressure .
One at Hydrosphere outlet and another is kept at the end of hose.
(5) Water supply tank:
Water tank has capacity of 75l .
For experiment deionized water is used.
(6) Device for collecting runoff:
Gauged bottles are
used.

Apparatus designed for simulator are:

(1) Frame with telescopic leg:
Frame consist of a metallic structure having shape
of truncated pyramid.
Telescopic legs are provided to adopt surface slope.
Structure built using 34mm galvanized iron tubes.
Dimensions: 3.53.5 at Base, 0.530.53 at top.
(2) Metal or Acrylic Box:
Box of 1.25*1.25m is kept on the tripod.
It contains soil in layers of 2.5cm.
(3) Nozzles:
Spray nozzle is selected to replicate the natural rainfall characteristics.
It can produce a wide range of drop size.
ARE simulator:
Yellow color Brass nozzle , Full jet 1/8 GG6SQ
model has been used.
Capacity of 0.9 to 7.7 l/min for pressure between 9.8 and 980 kPa.

INTRODUCTION
Hydrology is the science that deals with the depletion and replenishment of water resources.
Water resource management require an approach that relates all the
hydrological components.
A Rainfall Simulator is a model that gives relation between rainfall ,
runoff & infiltration.
The variation of availability of water is a matter of concern for:
(1) Planning and construction of irrigation structure.
(2) Sustainable development of water resource.

Therefore study of Rainfall and its effect is needed .

A Rainfall Simulator allows to generate rainfall with a known intensity and duration on plot in a controlled manner.

ADVANTAGES

To be able to work with constant controlled rain, there by eliminating

the erratic and unpredictable variability of natural rain.
It is easy and quick to setup simulator.
Do not have to wait for natural rain.

APPLICATION

REFERENCES

LIMITATIONS

Runoff is mostly depend on the characteristics of soil, layer of soil

strata, vegetation cover, layer of ash in burned forest, topography, climate condition, intensity of rainfall, angle of slope, etc.

Difficulty in reproducing characteristics of rainfall encountered in nature (intensity fluctuations, distribution of drop sizes, values of terminal velocity and kinetic energy, etc.).
Problems in extrapolating results to the real field conditions, especially in view of the experimental area considered.

To quantify surface runoff, infiltration, time of concentration and

erosion.
To correlate the simulation with natural rain event.
For studying rainfall effect in remote areas.
Test the infiltration rates for different types of soil.

Chilean journel of agricultural research (January - March 2010) A

rainfall simulator for the in-situ study of superficial runoff and soil
erosion by Claudia Sanguesa, Jose Arumi, Roberto Pizarro, Oscar.
Soil Technology A co-operating journal of CATENA (vol 3 -1990)
Design & operation of a rainfall simulator for field studies of runoff
and soil erosion by A Navas, Exeter E Alberto, J. Maehin, A. Galhn.
ARE simulator.