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which the field operations of member agencies (of which the ACA is one)
shall be undertaken by their respective personnel under a unified
administration. (Section 2 of Article 1, Executive Order No. 75)
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Bacani vs. National Coconut Corporation, G.R. No. L9657, Noc. 29,
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664
porations."
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Reenacted in Sec. 28(c) of the Civil Service Act of 1959 FA. No. 2260
MA 2260
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Ibid., p. 472.
Ibid.
669
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198 US 45 (1905).
670
670
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208 US 412.
10
243 US 426.
11
12
300 US 379.
13
262 US 522.
14
291 US 502.
671
671
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16
17
As was stated in the above work of Jackson: "But in just three years,
beginning with the October 1933 term, the Court refused to recognize the
power of Congress in twelve cases. Five of these twelve decisions occurred
during a single year: that is, the October 1935 term four of the five, by a
sharply divided court." Jackson, op. cit. p. 41.
672
672
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319 US 624.
673
673
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50 Phil. 259.
674
674
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leave with pay thirty days before and thirty days after
confinement. It could be that he had no other choice as the
Philippines was then under the United States, and only
recently the year before,
the abovecited case of Adkins v.
23
Children's Hospital, in line with the laissezfaire principle,
did hold that a statute providing for minimum wages was
constitutionally infine on the same ground.
Our constitution which took effect in 1935, upon the
inauguration of the Commonwealth of the Philippines,
erased whatever doubts there might be on that score. Its
philosophy is antithetical to the laissezfaire concept.
Delegate, later President, Manuel Roxas, one of the leading
members of the Constitutional Convention, in answer
precisely to an objection of Delegate Jose Reyes of
Sorsogon, who noted the "vast extensions in the sphere of
governmental functions" and the "almost unlimited power
to interfere in the affairs of industry and agriculture as
well as to compete with existing business" as "reflections of
the fascination exerted
by [the then] current tendencies" in
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other jurisdictions spoke thus: "My answer is that this
constitution has a definite and well defined philosophy, not
only political but social and economic. A constitution that
in 1776 or in 1789 was sufficient in the United States,
considering the problems they had at that time, may not
now be sufficient with the growing and everwidening
complexities of social and economic problems and relations.
If
_________________
22
46 Phil. 440..
23
261 US 525.
24
675
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676
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Ibid., p. 178,
27
Cf. Ibid., pp. 227228. To quote from Delegate Palma: "Uno de los
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678
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29
679
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70 Phil. 840.
31
680
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Ibid., p. 360.
33
34
681
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682
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38
Ibid., at p. 36.
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683
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