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MODULUS OF RUPTURE &


BREAKING STRENGTH OF
CERAMIC TILES [IS-13630PART-6]
Suryakanta | July 11, 2015 | Materials, Tile | No Comments

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Determination of modulus of rupture and breaking strength of a whole tile


by means of three point loading, the central point being in contact with
the glazed surface of the tile.

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Drying oven having capacity of 11050C


Recording gauge Accurate to 2%
Two support cylindrical rods These rods are made up of metal and
the part of the rod which will be in contact with the test specimen
must be covered with rubber having required hardness. One of theses
two rods should be slightly pivotable and the other one should be
slightly rotatable about its own axis. The dimension of the rods and
the thickness of the rubber covering the metal rod should be as per

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table-1.

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Central cylindrical rod The construction of this rod is same as that


of support rod and it should be slightly pivotable.
The dimension of the rods and the thickness of the rubber covering the
metal rod should be as per table-1.
Table 1
Diameter of Rods, Thickness of Rubber and Length
Overlap of Tile

Diameter of

Thickness of

Rod (d), in

Rubber (t), in

mm

mm

95

20

10

< 95 48

10

2.5

< 48 18

Dimension
of Tile (mm)

Tile flexure testing machine

Beyond the
edge supports
(l), in mm

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section across modulus of rupture apparatus

PROCEDURE FOR SAMPLE PREPARATION


1. Each sample consists of 7 or 10 nos of test specimens depending
upon their dimension. (see the table-2)
Table-2

Dimension of Tile (mm)

Minimum number of Test


Specimen

48

< 48 18

10

2. Preferable whole tile should be tested to find the accurate test result.
But if the length of any tile is more than 300 mm or if it is non
rectangular in shape, then cut it, so that it fits in the testing machine.
3. Dry the cut specimens in the oven maintained at a temperature of
11050C until it attains constant mass.

TEST PROCEDURE
1. Place a test specimen on two support rods with the glazed surface
facing upward. It should be placed in such a way so that the specimen
projects by the length l (as given in tbla-1) beyond each support rod.
Note: For extruded tiles, place the tiles so that the projecting ribs are at
right angles to the support rods. For all other rectangular tiles the greater

side is at right angle to the 101163


support rods.
2. Position the central rod on the glazed surface of the test specimen
and make sure that it is equidistance between the two support rods.
Note: If the tile has relief surfaces, then place a 2nd layer of rubber of
appropriate thickness (as given in table-1), on the central rod.
3. Apply the load evenly in such a way as to obtain a rate of increase of
stress of 12 N/mm2/s.
4. Record the load (F) when the specimen breaks.
5. Continue the steps 1 to 4 for all the test specimens in a sample.

CALCULATION OF TEST RESULT


Average breaking strength and average modulus of rupture is calculated
by averaging five acceptable test results.
A test is said to be acceptable if the specimen breaks within a central
portion of length equivalent to the diameter of the central rod.
If there are fewer than five acceptable results, a second sample is tested
consisting double the number of tile and then a minimum of ten
acceptable result is required to calculate the average value.
The breaking strength is calculated using following formula.
S = FL / b
Where,
S = Breaking strength, in N
F = Load required to break the tile, in N
L = Centre to centre length between two support rods, in mm
b = Width of the tile, in mm
The modulus of rupture is calculated using following formula.
= 3FL / 2bh2
Where,
= Modulus of Rupture, in N/mm2
F = Load required to break the tile, in N
L = Centre to centre length between two support rods, in mm

b = Width of the tile, in mm101163


h = Minimum thickness of the test specimen measured after the test along
the broken edge, in mm

REPORT
The test report should contain the following
Description of the tile
Number of test specimens
Values of d, t, l, L & F
Modulus of rupture and breaking strength of each test specimen.
Average modulus of rupture and breaking strength.

REFERENCE
IS: 13630 (Part-6) ceramic tiles methods of tests, sampling and basis
for acceptance [Part 6 determination of modulus of rupture and
breaking strength]
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