Leather for Libraries
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Contents include:
History of Sumach Tanning in England, Degradation of the Manufacture of Leather, and History of the Reform Movement. By E. Wyndham Hulme
The Causes of Decay in Bookbinding Leathers. By J. Gordon Parker
Provenance, Characteristics, and Values of Modern Bookbinding Leathers. By A. Seymour-Jones
The Repairing and Binding of Books for Public Libraries. By Cyril Davenport
Specification for the Fittings of a Small Bindery. By F. J. Williamson
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Leather for Libraries - Cyril Davenport
Cyril Davenport, E. Wyndham Hulme, F. J. Williamson, A. Seymour-Jones, J. Gordon Parker
Leather for Libraries
Published by Good Press, 2022
goodpress@okpublishing.info
EAN 4057664574466
Table of Contents
Chapter I. History of Sumach Tanning in England, Degradation of the Manufacture of Leather, and History of the Reform Movement. BY E. WYNDHAM HULME.
Chapter II. The Causes of Decay in Bookbinding Leathers. BY J. GORDON PARKER.
Chapter III. Provenance, Characteristics, and Values of Modern Bookbinding Leathers. BY A. SEYMOUR-JONES.
Chapter IV. The Repairing and Binding of Books for Public Libraries. BY CYRIL DAVENPORT.
Chapter V. Specification for the Fittings of a Small Bindery. BY F. J. WILLIAMSON.
INDEX.
ADVERTISEMENTS.
INDEX TO ADVERTISEMENTS.
Chapter I.
History of Sumach Tanning
in England, Degradation of the
Manufacture of Leather, and History
of the Reform Movement.
BY
E. WYNDHAM HULME.
Table of Contents
CHAPTER I.
Fancy ruleThe section of the leather trade to which this Handbook relates is that concerned in the manufacture of light leathers tanned with a pale tannage preparatory to being dyed. Bark and most other vegetable tanning substances leave a colour on the skin which cannot be removed without detriment to the durability of the leather; the retention of the colour, however, detracts from the purity of the final colour imparted by the dye. The reputation in the past of the sumach-tanned Spanish leather was founded upon this peculiar property of sumach of leaving the skin white, and on this point the wisdom of the ancients has been justified by the results of an exhaustive series of experiments conducted by the Society of Arts’ Committee, which have given to sumach the first place in the list of tannages for light leathers.
The date of the introduction of sumach tanning into England may, with some show of probability, be assigned to the year 1565, when a seven years’ monopoly patent was granted to two strangers, Roger Heuxtenbury and Bartholomew Verberick, for the manufacture of Spanish or beyond sea leather,
on the condition that the patentees should employ one native apprentice for every foreigner in their service. This stipulation indicates that the industry was a new one. Following the custom of the times, the supervision of the industry was entrusted to the Wardens of the Company of Leathersellers in London.
Additional evidence of the use of sumach at this period is afforded by another patent to a Spanish Jew, Roderigo Lopez, one of Elizabeth’s physicians. By way of settling her doctor’s bills the Queen granted to Lopez, in 1584, an exclusive licence to import sumach and aniseed for ten years. Besides attending the Queen in his professional capacity, Lopez was called upon to act as interpreter to the Portuguese pretender, Don Antonio, on his visit to this island. As the result of some misunderstanding with Antonio, Lopez was induced to join a conspiracy nominally aimed against the life of Antonio, but actually directed against the Queen, and in 1594 Lopez expiated his crimes at Tyburn. Those who are curious in such matters will be interested to trace in the Merchant of Venice
the re-appearance of our sumach merchant as Shylock, while the name of Antonio is boldly retained by Shakespeare for his hero (Cf. S. Lee, The Original of Shylock,
in the Gentleman’s Magazine, 1880). After the arrest of Lopez, his grant was continued to R. Alexander and R. Mompesson (Patent Roll, 36 Eliz., p. 11). In the Charter of the Leathersellers’ Company, dated 1604, Spanish leather and other leathers dressed or wrought in sumach or bark
are mentioned. In 1660 the duty granted upon imported sumach was fixed at 13s. 4d. per cwt. of 112 lbs., and on dried myrobalans at 1s. 3d. per lb., thus disproving the statement of Prof. Thorold Rogers in his History of Prices
(Vol. 5, p. 414), that oak bark was the only tanning material used in England at this period. The earliest description known to the writer of the process of sumaching by sewing up the skins into bottles and allowing the fluid extract to penetrate the fibre by pressure, is to be found in 1754 in the Dictionary of Arts and Science
(Vol. 3, article Morocco
).
The first step in the degradation of the manufacture of light leathers, though it at first affected the heavy leathers only, was the introduction