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ISSN: [2395-6992]
Abstract In this paper, the anti-centrosymmetric matrices have been researched. According to the structural
characteristics of the anti-centrosymmetric matrix, some new methods have been used to prove the necessary and sufficient
conditions of a matrix being anti-centrosymmetric and its properties of eigenvalue and eigenvector; the nonsingularity of the
anti-centrosymmetric matrices have been discussed,that the odd order anti-centrosymmetric matrix is singular has been
obtained, and two methods of computing inverse of the matrices(even order) have been given.
Keywords Anti-centrosymmetric Matrix, Centrosymmetric Matrix, Eigenvalue, Inverse Matrix.
I.
INTRODUCTION
Centrosymmetric and anti-centrosymmetric matrices are two kinds of important special matrices, which are widely used in
the fields of information theory, numerical analysis, linear system theory and so on. At present, some significant
achievements have been acquired from the research on the structure and properties, eigenvalues and inverse of
centrosymmetric and anti-centrosymmetric matrices. For example, in reference[3], Tan Ruimei used the definition of anticentrosymmetric matrix to prove some new conclusions on adjoint matrix, eigenvalue and eigenvector of it; in reference[6],
Liu Lianfu discussed the method of computing inverse of anticentrosymmetric matrices in the light of the structure and
representation of it. In this paper, based on the previous literatures, some systematic summary research has been made and
some new proof methods have been shown for anti-centrosymmetric matrices.
Definition 1. If A ( aij ) C
nn
Definition 2. If A ( aij ) C
nn
Jn Jn In .
a11 a12
a21 a22
Definition 4. If A
am1 am 2
a1n
amn
an 1,n
a2 n
, then A
amn
a1n
am,n 1
an 1,n 1
a1,n 1
am1
an 1,1
a11
Lemma2. If A ACSR
2 n2 n
ISSN: [2395-6992]
A
A 1
J n A2
and if A ACSR
(2 n1)(2 n1)
A2 J n
J n A1 J n
A1
A= T
J A
n 2
0
J n
A2 J n
T J n
J n A1 J n
among which, A1 , A2 are n-order square matrices; J n is n-order permutation matrix; , are n dimensional column vectors.
Lemma 3. A ACSR
nn
Lemma 4. A ACSR
nn
; A CSR
if and only if A A
nn
as well as A ACSR
nn
if and only if A O .
if and only if
);
(1)When n 2k , k Z , A ( A1 , A
1
*
).
(2))When n 2k 1, k Z , A ( A1 , , A
1
*
among which, is the column vector of A in line k 1 , A1 is constituted by the front k column elements of A with the
is the inversion of A .
original order and A
1
1
Proof: When n 2k 1 , let A ACSR
nn
( A1 , , A2 ) .From Lemma 3,
A ( A1 , , A2 ) A ( A2 , , A1 )
and from Definition 2 and Definition 4,
a21 a2 k ,2 k 1 , , a2 k a2 k ,k 2 ,
a2,k 2 a2 k ,k , , a2 n a2 k ,1
a2 k ,1 a2 n ,
a2 k ,k = a2,k 2 ,
a2 k ,k 2
a2 k , , a2 k ,2 k 1 a21
, therefore, A ( A , , A ) .
That is A1 A
2
1
1
Similarly, the conclusion(1) can be proved.
II.
Theorem 1. If A ACSR
nn
MAIN CONCLUSIONS
is the eigenvector of A and 0 is the corresponding eigenvalue, then 0 is also one of the
0 I A 0
Because of Lemma 1,
J n (0 I ) J n J n AJ n 0
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ISSN: [2395-6992]
and that is
J n 0 I A J n 0 , 0 I A 0
Then
( ) 0 I A 0
and 0 is the eigenvalue of A .
Since
J n J n AJ n (0 ) J n
From Definition 3,
A( J n ) ( 0 ) J n
which shows that J n is the eigenvector which is corresponding to 0 .
Theorem 2. If A, B ACSR
nn
n n
Theorem 3. The trace of a n-order anti-centrosymmetric matrix is 0, and therefore the sum of the matrix's eigenvalues is 0.
Proof: In terms of Definition 2,
nn
and C ACSR
nn
, which can
indicate A B C .
Proof: Let
B
then B CSR
nn
and C ACSR
nn
A A
A A
,C
,
2
2
Suppose
A B1 C1 B2 C2
among which
then
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ISSN: [2395-6992]
B1 B2 C1 C2
However,
B1 B2 C1 C2 O
so
B1 B2 , C1 C2
Theorem 5. The product of a anti-centrosymmetric matrix and a same order centrosymmetric matrix is a anticentrosymmetric matrix; the product of two anti-centrosymmetric matrices of the same order is a centrosymmetric matrix.
Proof: (i)If A ACSR
nn
and B CSR
nn
,then
A J n AJ n and B J n BJ n
hence
AB J n AJ n J n BJ n J n ( AB ) J n
which means that AB ACSR
(iiIf A, B ACSR
nn
nn
,then
A J n AJ n and B J n BJ n
hence
AB J n AJ n J n BJ n J n ( AB) J n
which means that
AB CSRnn .
(2 n1)(2 n1)
1 2 n n 1 0
From Theorem 1, there are n pairs eigenvalues which is opposite with each other in 1 , 2 , , n , n 1 , and there must be a
eigenvalue i
0 left. Then 0 must be a eigenvalue of A, which implicates that det A 0. Consequently, odd order anti-
I n , then
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nn
ISSN: [2395-6992]
first k columns of n-order identity matrix. Using elementary transformation to B , if A becomes identity matrix and
1
(C , C ) .
nn
end k columns of A . The same block-divided method can be used to I n , and let A( A1 , A2 ) ( Ek , G) .
Now,
( AA1 , AA2 ) ( Ek , G)
so
AA1 Ek
If A becomes I n by elementary transformation, then there exist elementary matrices P1 , P2 ,, Pm ,which can infer
PP
1 2 Pm A I n .
Consequently,
1
A1 PP
1 2 Pm and A1 A Ek PP
1 2 Pm Ek .
becomes the identity matrix, then Ek becomes the first k columns of A . Finally, according to Lemma 4(2), the conclusion
can be obtained.
Theorem 9. If A ACSR
2 n2 n
A1
J n A2
and that is A
A2 J n
, then A is nonsingular if and only if
J n A1 J n
2 J n (C 1 B 1 ) J n ( B 1 C 1 ) J n
1
among which
Proof: Let U
1 In
2 Jn
In
, then
Jn
O C A1
U T AU
B O J n A2
and A B C . Therefore,
A2 J n
A
J n AVJ
1
n
Moreover,
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A1
J n A2
ISSN: [2395-6992]
A2 J n 1 B 1 C 1
(C 1 B 1 ) J n I n
J n A1 J n 2 J n (C 1 B 1 ) J n ( B 1 C 1 ) J n O
In
so
1
1
(C 1 B 1 ) J n
1 B C
A1
2 J n (C 1 B 1 ) J n ( B 1 C 1 ) J n
3 7 3 1
2 3 1 1
1
Example: If A
, then A ?
1 1 3 2
1 3 7 3
Solve: 1. According to Theorem 8,
3 7
2 3
( A E )
1 1
1 3
1 3
0 1
0 3
0 2
3 1
1 1
3 2
7 3
7 3
5 5 2
15
7
18
8
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0 1
1 1
0 2
0 3
0 1
0 0
1 0
0 0
3 7 3
1 3 2
3 1 1
7 3 1
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
3
5 8 5 4
(I , C)
18 3 4
0
2
0
0
0
1
3
2
0
1
5 8 5 4 3 4 1 8
1
then A (C , C )
1 8 3 4
5 4 5 8
2
3
1
0
2. According to Theorem 9,
3 7
1 3
3 1
A1
, A2
, A2 J
2 3
1 1
1 1
then
2 4
4 10
A1 A2
B , A1 A2
C
3 4
1 2
and
1 1 1 5
1
B1
,C
3 4 1 2
1 2 2
so
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3
2
0
1
(C B ) J 5 8 5 4 3 4 1 8
1 B C
A1
5 4 5 8
2 J (C 1 B 1 ) J ( B 1 C 1 ) J 1 8 3 4
2
3
1
0
1
REFERENCES
[1] Xianfeng Wu, Xiaolin Zhang. Some Properties of Centre Skew Symmetric Matrix[J]. Journal of Science of Teachers' College and
University: 2011,3163-5
[2] Fang Chen. A Simple Method of the Calculation of Centro-symmetric Matrices and Anti Centro-symmetric Matrices Inversion in
Engineering[J]. Journal of Sichuan University of Science & Engineering(Natural Science Edition): 2006,19136-38
[3] Ruimei Tan, Xueli Xue. Probe on Some Properties of Centroskewsymmetric Matrices[J]. College Mathematics: 2010, 264173175
[4] Yongan Zhou, Tao Qin. Some Properties on Centrosymmetric Matrices[J]. Mathematics in Practice and Theory: 2007,
378186-188
[5] Bowei Tang. Reverse Order Law of Generalized Inverse and the Properties of Centrosymmetric Matrix[D]. Master Degree Thesis of
Shanxi Normal University:2013,23-26
[6] Lianfu Liu, Changbo Zheng. Reversibility of Center Symmetric Matrices[J]. Journal of Shenyang Normal University(Natural
Science): 2012,30123-26
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