Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Dr Zhaohui Huang
University of Sheffield
6 May 2005
11
z
Distributed Steel Layers
22
Beam Elements
1.0
0.8
20 C
200 C
0.6
400 C
0.4
600 C
0.2
0
800 C
1000 C
1.0
2.0
3.0
Strain (%)
44
4.0
5.0
800 C
1000 C
55
< 100 C
200 C
400 C
12
8
Strain (%)
16
20
c2
fc '
A
Cracking
c1
fc'
Cracking
Increasing
temperature
- 0.75
C
- 1.0
66
Crushing
Crushing
c1 > c2
c1
=
c2
ft
0.33ft
ft=0.3321
fc
cr 4.44cr
20cr
Strain
77
ct
At low deflections
slabs may show:
compressive
arching against
boundaries
thermal buckling
At high deflections:
88
biaxial tension in
mesh at centre
compressive ring in
concrete around
periphery
h = 152.4 mm
E = 206840 MPa
= 0.316
x
Quarter-plate analysed
a =15240 mm
99
1
Geometrically non-linear
0.5
Chia (1980)
25
50
75
(qa4) / (Eh4)
10
10
100
125
11
11
12
12
13
13
14
14
15
15
Segments
Vr
z'
Vs
x'
Vt
y'
1
r
bk
16
16
ak
z
y
x
18
18
s bk
t ak
k
t k
+ s k hk t Vsxk
+ t hk Vtx +
x(r , s, t ) = hk x +
k =1
k =1 2
k =1 2
N
N
N
t ak
sb
k
t k
t
t k
+ t hk Vty + k + s k hk t Vsyk
y (r , s, t ) = hk y +
k =1 2
k =1 2
k =1
N
N
N
t ak
s bk
t
t k
k
t k
k
+ t hk Vtz +
+ s hk t Vszk
z (r , s, t ) = hk z +
k =1
k =1 2
k =1 2
N
19
19
N
t ak
sb
0 k
k
t k
+ t hk Vtx Vtx + k + s k hk tVsxk 0Vsxk
u (r , s, t ) = hk u +
k =1 2
k =1 2
k =1
N
N
N
t ak
sb
k
t k
0 k
t
t k
+ t hk Vty Vty + k + s k hk tVsyk 0Vsyk
v(r , s, t ) = hk v +
k =1 2
k =1 2
k =1
N
w(r , s, t ) =
k =1
20
20
N
t ak
sb
k
t k
0 k
hk w +
+ t hk Vtz Vtz + k + s k hk tVszk 0Vszk
k =1 2
k =1 2
N
N
s bk
t ak
k
k
k
+ s hk Vsxk
u (r , s, t ) = hk u +
+ t hk Vtx +
k =1
k =1 2
k =1 2
N
N
N
t ak
s bk
k
k
k
v(r , s, t ) = hk v +
+ t hk Vty +
+ s k hk V syk
k =1 2
k =1 2
k =1
N
N
N
t ak
sb
k
k
k
w(r , s, t ) = hk w +
+ t hk Vtz + k + s k hk V szk
k =1
k =1 2
k =1 2
N
21
21
(
(
k
t k 1
t k
Vt = k Vt + 2 k k Vt
V k = t V k + 1 t V k
k
s
k
k
s
s
2
22
22
)
)
'
D c = 0
0
23
23
0
0
Gc 0
0 Gc
L = 304.8mm
x
Fixed end
M=fm
E = 206850 MPa
= 0.0
h
b = h = 25.4 mm
M=fm
m = EI/L = 73.94 kN-m
z
y
x
Four three-node parabolic
elements
24
24
x /L
(Current model)
zz /L (Current model)
/2 (Current model)
1.2
x /L (Surana et al 1989)
z /L (Surana et al 1989)
/2 (Surana et al 1989)
0.9
0.6
0.3
0
0
25
25
0.4
0.8
1.4
Load factor f
1.6
2.0
A full
-scale ISO384 standard fire test on a Slimflor
Slimflor
full-scale
beam: details of the Silimflor beam tested
P = 84.6kN
P
P
1125
1125
562.5
P
1125
562.5
Concrete:
ISO384 Fire
fck = 45MPa
4500
15
A142 mesh
Steel:
180
Steel
18
28
280
210
Concrete
335
19.5
280
18
335
Reinforcement:
fyk = 460 MPa
A full
-scale ISO384 standard fire test on a Slimflor
Slimflor
full-scale
beam: element segmentation mesh adopted
950
P6
37
80
70
72
59
9
280
ISO384 Fire
(All in mm)
27
27
P5
P4
P3
P2
P1
20
228
A full
-scale ISO384 standard fire test on a Slimflor
Slimflor
full-scale
beam: temperatures at steelwork
Temperature (C)
1200
Tested
P1
Predicted
P2
900
P3
600
P4
P5
300
P6
60
120
Time (min)
28
28
180
240
A full
-scale ISO384 standard fire test on a Slimflor
Slimflor
full-scale
beam: deflections at mid
-span
mid-span
Mid-span deflection (mm)
0
-250
Tested
-500
Predicted
-750
-1000
60
120
Time (min)
29
29
180
240
A full
-scale ISO384 standard fire test on a Slimflor
Slimflor
full-scale
beam: deflections at mid
-span for different end
mid-span
support conditions
Mid-span deflection (mm)
0
-250
Tested
-500
Simply supported
Actual column stiffness
-750
-1000
30
30
60
120
Time (min)
180
240
F
6
Column: 25mm
Slab: 25mm
C
3
Concrete:
7.5m
fck = 45 MPa
A
1
7.5m
31
31
Quarter structure
analysed
Axis of symmetry
Reinforcement:
fyk = 460 MPa
Cross
-sections of beam and column
Cross-sections
2T12
6T32
56
50
56
50
350
500
3T32
56
50
50
350
56
Bar 1
350
Bar 1
Bar 2
Cross-section of column
Cross-section of beam
(All dimensions in mm)
32
32
Bar 2
6T32
56
50
56
600
50
350
500
3T32
56
50
50
350
56
Bar 1
350
Bar 1
Bar 2
Cross-section of beam
(All dimensions in mm)
400
Beam bar 1
Beam bar 2
Column bar 1
Column bar 2
200
Slab mash
0
33
33
60
120
Time (min)
180
240
Bar 2
Cross-section of column
Deflection (mm)
0
Position A
Position B
-100
Position C
-200
-300
-400
34
34
50
100
Time (min)
150
200
20
10
Column A1
Column B2
Column C3
-10
35
35
50
100
Time (min)
150
200
36
36
37
37
38
38
39
39
40
40
41
41
42
42
43
43
44
44
45
45
46
46
0 min
P3
P2
P1
47
47
15 min
P3
P2
P1
48
48
30 min
P3
P2
P1
49
49
45 min
P3
P2
P1
50
50
60 min
P3
P2
P1
51
51
75 min
P3
P2
P1
52
52
90 min
P3
P2
P1
53
53
105 min
P3
P2
P1
54
54
120 min
P3
P2
55
55
P1
135 min
P3
P2
56
56
P1
150 min
P3
P2
57
57
P1
900
Force at P3
600
300
0
58
58
50
100
Time (min)
150
200
F
6
4
Case III
3
Case II
2
7.5m
Case I
1
7.5m
59
59
Quarter structure
analysed
Axis of symmetry
Deflection (mm)
-100
-200
Case-I
Case-II
-300
Case-III
-400
60
60
50
100
Time (min)
150
200
0 min
61
61
15 min
62
62
30 min
63
63
45 min
64
64
60 min
65
65
75 min
66
66
90 min
67
67
68
68
69
69
70
70
71
71
72
72
73
73
0 min
74
74
15 min
75
75
30 min
76
76
45 min
77
77
60 min
78
78
75 min
79
79
90 min
80
80
81
81
82
82
83
83
84
84
85
85
0 min
86
86
15 min
87
87
30 min
88
88
45 min
89
89
60 min
90
90
75 min
91
91
90 min
92
92
93
93
94
94
95
95
96
96
97
97
Conclusions
It is clear from this study that relatively small areas of tensile
membrane force were formed within the concrete slabs, and
large areas of the slabs were subject to compressive
membrane force during the fire.
As a result the downstand concrete beams were subjected
to enhanced tension during the fire, especially in the initial
stages, and these tensions were mainly carried by their
tensile reinforcement. It is therefore very important to
keep the temperature of the reinforcement within certain
limits.
98
98