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AP Exam
11-19
Wednesday, 3/23
20-27
Thursday, 3/24
Work Day
28-30
Monday, 3/28
31-48
Tuesday, 3/29
49-55
Wednesday, 3/30
Practice
Ranking Task
56-66
Thursday, 3/31
Practice
Practice Test
Work on MC Questions
Friday, 4/1
Test
AP Physics 1: 2015-2016
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Waves
1. Problem 15.14 A sinusoidal wave travels with speed 250m/s . Its wavelength is 5.0m . What is its
frequency? (50Hz)
4. Problem 15.22 People with very good pitch discrimination can very quickly determine what note they
are listening to. The note on the musical scale called C6 (two octaves above middle C)has a frequency
of 1050 Hz. Some trained musicians can identify this note after hearing only 12 cycles of the wave.
How much time does this correspond to? (0.114s)
5. MC 15.23 A sinusoidal wave traveling on a string has a period of 0.22s , a wavelength of 33cm , and
an amplitude of 4.0cm . What is the speed of this wave?
A. 8.3cm/s
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AP Physics 1: 2015-2016
B. 18cm/s
C. 150cm/s
D. 300cm/s
6. Problem 15.63 Low-frequency vertical oscillations are one possible cause of motion sickness,
with 0.30 Hz having the strongest effect. Your boat is bobbing in place at just the right frequency to
cause you the maximum discomfort. The water wave that is bobbing the boat has crests that
are 30m apart. What is the speed of the waves? (9m/s)
7. Problem 15.3 The back wall of an auditorium is 28.0m from the stage. If you are seated in the middle
row, how much time elapses between a sound from the stage reaching your ear directly and the same
sound reaching your ear after reflecting from the back wall? The speed of sound in the air is 343 m/s.
8. 15.15 The motion detector used in a physics lab sends and receives 36kHz ultrasonic pulses. A pulse
goes out, reflects off the object being measured, and returns to the detector. The lab temperature is
20C.
A. What is the wavelength of the waves emitted by the motion detector? (9.5mm)
B. How long does it take for a pulse that reflects off an object 3.0m away to make a round trip?
(17.5 ms)
AP Physics 1: 2015-2016
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9. Problem 15.23 A dolphin emits ultrasound at 100kHz and uses the timing of reflections to determine
the position of objects in the water. What is the wavelength of this ultrasound? Assume that
temperature of water is 20C. (1.48cm)
Waves 2
11. Problem 15.26 Research vessels at sea can create images of their
surroundings by sending out sound waves and measuring the time until they
detect echoes. The image of a shipwreck on the ocean bottom shown in was
made from the surface with 600kHz ultrasound.
A. What was the wavelength? Use values given in if necessary.(2.5mm)
B. How deep is the shipwreck if echoes were detected 0.42s after the sound
waves were emitted? (310.8m)
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AP Physics 1: 2015-2016
t=1s:
t=2s:
t=3s:
t=4s:
t=5s:
3
t=6s:
13. Radio station WKLB in Boston broadcasts at a frequency of 99.5 MHz. What is the wavelength of the
radio waves emitted by WKLB? Remember that radio waves are electromagnetic in nature. (3.02m)
14. Harriet is told by her doctor that her heart rate is 70 beats per minute. If Harriets average blood flow
in the aorta during systole is 1.5 x 10-2 m/s, what is the wavelength of the waves of blood in Harriet's
aorta, created by her beating heart? (0.129m)
AP Physics 1: 2015-2016
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15. While flying to Tucson, Connie's plane experiences turbulence that causes the coffee in her cup to
oscillate back and forth 4 times each second. If the waves of coffee have a wavelength of 0.1 meters,
what is the speed of a wave moving through the coffee? (0.4m/s)
16. A fisherman noticed that a float makes 30 oscillations in 15 seconds. The distance between two
consecutive crests is 2 m. What is the period and frequency of the wave? What is the wave speed?
17. What is the wave speed if the period is 4.0 seconds and the wavelength is 1.8 m? (0.45m/s)
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AP Physics 1: 2015-2016
18. What is the frequency of a wave traveling with a speed of 1.6 m/s and the wavelength is 0.50 m?
(3.2Hz)
19. What is the wavelength of a wave traveling with a speed of 3.0 m/s and the period of 6.0 s? (9m)
Waves 3
20. A fisherman noticed that a wave strikes the boat side every 5 seconds. The distance between two
consecutive crests is 1.5 m. What is the period and frequency of the wave? What is the wave speed?
21. What is the wave speed if the period is 7.0 seconds and the wavelength is 2.1 m? (0.3m/s)
AP Physics 1: 2015-2016
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22. What is the period of a wave traveling with a speed of 20 m/s and the wavelength is 4.0 m? (0.2s)
23. What is the wavelength of a wave traveling with a speed of 6.0 m/s and the frequency of 3.0 Hz? (2m)
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AP Physics 1: 2015-2016
25. A
e.
26. A snapshot of a wave is given below. The frequency of oscillations is 160 Hz.
a. What is the amplitude of the wave?
b. What is the wavelength of the wave?
c. What is the wave speed?(240m/s)
d. What is the wave period?(0.0625Hz)
AP Physics 1: 2015-2016
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27. A snapshot of a wave is given to the right. The frequency of oscillations is 100 Hz.
a. What is the amplitude of the wave?
b. What is the wavelength of the wave?
c. What is the wave speed?(300m/s)
d. What is the wave period?(0.01s)
Standing Waves
28. Problem 16.9 A 1.3m -long string is fixed at both ends
and tightened until the wave speed is 20m/s . What is
the frequency of the standing wave shown in the
figure? (46Hz)
29. MC 16.25 The frequency of the lowest standing-wave mode on a 1.0-m-long string is 40Hz . What is
the wave speed on the string? (80m/s)
30. Problem 16.11 A bass guitar string is 89cm long with a fundamental frequency of 30Hz . What is the
wave speed on this string? (53.4m/s)
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AP Physics 1: 2015-2016
Standing waves
31. Problem 16.16 A violin string has a standard length of 32.8 cm. It sounds the musical note A (440 Hz)
when played without fingering. How far from the end of the string should you place your finger to
play the note C (523 Hz)?
32. Problem 16.18 An experimenter finds that standing waves on a string fixed at both ends occur
at 24Hz and 32Hz , but at no frequencies in between.
A. What is the fundamental frequency?
B. Select the standing-wave pattern for the string at 32Hz .
A
D
AP Physics 1: 2015-2016
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34. Problem 16.22 The figure shows a standing sound wave in an 80cm-long tube. The tube is filled with an unknown gas. What is the
speed of sound in this gas? (400m/s)
35. A string with a linear density of 8.0 g/m (0.008 kg/m) is under tension of 200 N. What is the speed of
the wave? (158m/s)
36. A wave speed in a piano string of linear density 5.0 g/m (0.005 kg/m) is 140 m/s. What is the tension
in the string? (98N)
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AP Physics 1: 2015-2016
37. A wire with a linear density of 15 g/m (0.015 kg/m) undergoes a tension force of 250 N. A transverse
wave with a wavelength of 0.40 m is produced in the wire. What is the wave speed? What is the
frequency of oscillations? (129m/s, 323Hz)
38. A string with a linear density of 4.0 g/m (0.004 kg/m) is under tension of 150 N. What is the speed of
the wave? (194m/s)
39. A wave speed in a guitar string of linear density 9.0 g/m (0.009 kg/m) is 160 m/s. What is the tension
in the string?(230N)
40. A guitar string with a linear density of 25 g/m (0.025 kg/m) undergoes a tension force of 400 N. A
transverse wave with a wavelength of 0.80 m is produced in the wire. What is the wave speed? What is
the frequency of oscillations? (126m/s, 158Hz)
Standing Waves
41. A guitar string vibrates with a fundamental frequency of 330 Hz. What are the frequencies of first four
harmonics?
AP Physics 1: 2015-2016
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42. A stretched wire resonates in three loops at a frequency of 180 Hz. What are the first four harmonics?
43. A stretched wire with a length of 2.0 m resonates in two loops. The wave speed is 120 m/s. What is the
wavelength? What are the first three harmonics?
44. A violin string vibrates with a fundamental frequency of 450 Hz. What are the frequencies of first four
harmonics?.
45. A piano string resonates in five loops at a frequency of 250 Hz. What are the first four harmonics?
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AP Physics 1: 2015-2016
46. A violin string with a length of 0.50 m resonates in five loops. The wave speed is 200 m/s. What is the
wavelength? What are the first three harmonics? (0.2m, 1600Hz, 3200Hz, 4800Hz)
47. A string with a length of 2.5 m resonates in five loops as shown above. The string linear density is
0.05 kg/m and the suspended mass is 0.5 kg.
a. What is the wavelength?
b. What is the wave speed? (9.9m/s)
c. What is the frequency of oscillations? (9.89Hz)
d. What will happen to the number of loops if the suspended mass
is increased?
AP Physics 1: 2015-2016
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48. A string with a length of 2 m resonates in three loops as shown above. The string
linear density is 0.03 kg/m and the suspended mass is 1.2 kg.
a. What is the wavelength?
b. What is the wave speed?(19.8m/s)
c. What is the frequency of oscillations? (14.8)
d. What will happen to the number of loops if the suspended mass is
increased?
Waves in a Tube
49. Conceptual Question 15.18 You are standing
at x=0m, listening to seven identical sound sources
described by the figure. At t=0s, all seven are
at x=343m and moving as shown below. The sound
from all seven will reach your ear at t=1s. Rank in
order, from highest to lowest, the seven
frequencies f1 to f7 that you hear at t=1s.
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AP Physics 1: 2015-2016
50. Problem 16.20 The lowest frequency in the audible range is 20 Hz.
A. What is the length of the shortest open-open tube needed to produce this frequency?(8.55m)
B. What is the length of the shortest open-closed tube needed to produce this frequency?(4.3m)
AP Physics 1: 2015-2016
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52. Problem 16.24 An organ pipe is made to play a low note at 27.5 Hz, the same as the lowest note on a
piano.
A. Assuming a sound speed of 343 m/s, what length open-open pipe is needed? (6.24m)
B. What length open-closed pipe would suffice? (3.12m)
53. Problem 16.21 The contrabassoon is the wind instrument capable of sounding the lowest pitch in an
orchestra. It is folded over several times to fit its impressive 18ft length into a reasonable size
instrument.
A. If we model the instrument as an open-closed tube, what is its fundamental frequency? The
sound speed inside is 350m/s because the air is warmed by the player's breath. (15.9Hz)
B. The actual fundamental frequency of the contrabassoon is 27.5Hz , which should be different
from your answer in part A. This means the model of the instrument as an open-closed tube is a
bit too simple. But if you insist on using that model, what is the "effective length" of the
instrument? (10.4 ft)
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AP Physics 1: 2015-2016
54. MC 16.24 Resonances of the ear canal lead to increased sensitivity of hearing, as we've seen. Dogs
have a much longer ear canal - 5.2 cm - than humans. What are the two lowest frequencies at which
dogs have an increase in sensitivity? The speed of sound in the warm air of the ear is 350 m/s.
A. 1700 Hz, 3400 Hz
B. 3400 Hz, 6800 Hz
C. 1700 Hz, 5100 Hz
D. 3400 Hz, 10,200 Hz
General Problems
55. Problem 16.28 Some pipe organs create sounds lower than humans can hear. This "infrasound" can
still create physical sensations. Assume a sound speed of 343 m/s.
A. What is the fundamental frequency of the sound from an open-open pipe that is 32 feet long (a
common size for large organs; 1 ft = 0.305 m)?(17.6Hz)
B. What length open-closed tube is necessary to produce this note? (4.87m)
AP Physics 1: 2015-2016
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56. An orchestra tunes up for the big concert by playing an A, which resounds with a fundamental
frequency of 440 Hz. Find the first and second overtones of this note. What are the second and third
harmonics of the A?
57. In his physics lab, Sanjiv finds that he can take a long glass tube and fill it with water using the air
space of the top to simulate a pipe closed at one end. If Sanjiv holds a tuning fork, which vibrates with
a fundamental frequency of 440 Hz, over the mouth of the pipe, how long is the air column if it
vibrates at the same frequency? (0.193m)
58. Melody puts a fret on her guitar string, causing it to vibrate with a fundamental frequency of 250 Hz as
a wave travels through at 350 m/s.
(A) How long is the guitar string from the lower fixed end to the fret? (0.7m)
(b) How far and in which direction must the fret be moved in order to produce a fundamental
frequency that is twice as high (i.e., one octave higher)?(0.35m shorter)
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AP Physics 1: 2015-2016
59. Walter is a bass and can hit a low E that has a frequency of 82.4 Hz. Millie is a soprano and can sing
as high as the third overtone of this note. What is the highest frequency that Millie can sing? Which
harmonic would this be?
60. Joyce, the church organist, is practicing on the organ and she finds that the first two overtones for the
370 Hz pipe are 1110 Hz and 1850 Hz. Is the organ pipe closed at one end or open at both ends? How
do you know this?
61. A train passes through a tunnel that is 550 meters long. What is the fundamental frequency of vibrating
air in the tunnel? (0.31Hz)
62. Harvey, a harpist, plucks a 0.600 m long string on his harp. The string has a first overtone of 1046.6
Hz. How fast does the vibration move through the string?(628Hz)
AP Physics 1: 2015-2016
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63. A group of students in a physics lab perform a series of experiments with a set of tubes and tuning fork. In the
first trial they use a tube which length can be extended. The length of the tube when sound resonates for the
first time is 0.5 m. (Vsound = 340 m/s)
a) Determine the wavelength of the sound wave. (1m)
b) Determine the frequency of the tuning fork. (340Hz)
In the second trial the students use a tube with a constant length but they place in the tube a cork stopper
with the same diameter as the inner size of the tube. The cork can freely move from the left side of the
tube to the right. The frequency of the tuning fork stays the same as it was determine in the first trial.
c) Determine the minimum length L0 of the left side of the tube when the air column resonates for the
first time. (0.25m)
d) What is the length L of the tube when the air column resonates for the second time? third
time?(0.75m, 1.25m)
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AP Physics 1: 2015-2016
64. 4. A group of students in a physics lab perform a series of experiments with a set of tubes and tuning forks. In
the first trial, they use a tube whose length can be extended. The length of the tube when sound resonates for the
first time is 1.0 m. (vsound = 340 m/s)
a. Determine the wavelength of the sound wave. (2m)
b. Determine the frequency of the tuning fork. (170Hz)
AP Physics 1: 2015-2016
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In the second trial, the students use a tube with a constant length, but they place in the tube a
cork
stopper with the same diameter as the inner size of the tube. The cork cn freely move from the
left side of the tube to the right. The frequency of the tuning fork stays the same as it was determined
in
the first trial.
c. Determine the minimum length LO of the left side of the tube when the air column resonates for
the first
time. (0.5m)
d. What is the length L of the tube when the air column resonates for the second time? Third time? (1.5m,
2.5m)
65. You are in the physics lab with a hollow tube, open at both ends, with an adjustable length. You are also given
an adjustable speaker that can produce a single tone at a time. The frequency produced is also shown on the
speaker. You are told to use the tube to find the speed of sound in the room.
a. Describe how you would perform you experiment. Make sure to include what measurements you
would make.
b. Describe how you would use those measurements to calculate the speed of sound.
c. A student doing a different experiment measures the following periods and wavelengths. Graph the
data below to calculate the speed of sound.
Period
0.003s
0.004s
0.005s
0.007s
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Wavelength
1.0m
1.5m
1.7m
2.5m
AP Physics 1: 2015-2016
AP Physics 1: 2015-2016
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D. Wavelength
E.
2. Which of the following is the speed of a wave traveling with a wavelength , frequency f, and period
T?
A. v =
B. v =
C. v = f
D. v = fT
E. v =
3. The frequency of a wave is doubled when the wavelength remains the same. What happens to the
speed of the wave?
A. It doubles
B. It quadruples
C. Remains unchanged
D. It is cut to one-half
E. It is cut to one-fourth
4. The frequency of a wave increases when the speed remains the same. What happens to the distance
between two consecutive crests?
A. It increases
B. It decreases
C. Stays unchanged
D. It increases first and then decreases
E. It decreases first and then increases
5. Which of the following statements is true about transverse waves?
A. They always have the same frequencies
B. They always have the same velocities
C. They always have the same wavelengths
D. They always travel through a dense medium
E. The particles vibrate in perpendicular direction with respect to the wave motion
6. Which of the following statements is true about longitudinal waves?
A. They always have the same frequencies
B. They always have the same velocities
C. They always have the same wavelengths
D. They always travel through a dense medium
E. The particles vibrate along the same direction as the wave motion
7. A wave travels on a string of length L, linear density , and tension T. Which of the following is
true?
A. The wave speed is inversely proportional to the tension T
B. The wave speed is directly proportional the linear density
C. The wave speed increases with increasing tension T
D. The wave speed increases with increasing linear density
E. The wave speed only depends on the length of the string
8. A wave pulse travels a long a thin part of a horizontal cord and reaches another part of the cord
which is much thicker and heavier. Which of the following is true about the reflected and transmitted
pulse by the boundary in the cord?
Reflected pulse
Transmitted pulse
A. Upright
Upright
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AP Physics 1: 2015-2016
B. Inverted
C. Upright
D. Inverted
E. Zero amplitude
Inverted
Inverted
Upright
Zero amplitude
9. A wave pulse travels a long a thick part of a horizontal cord and reaches another part of the cord
which is much thinner and lighter. Which of the following is true about the reflected and transmitted
pulse by the boundary in the cord?
Reflected pulse
Transmitted pulse
A. Upright
Upright
B. Inverted
Inverted
C. Upright
Inverted
D. Inverted
Upright
E. Zero amplitude
Zero amplitude
10. Two wave pulses with equal positive amplitudes travel on a cord approaching each other. What is
the result of the oscillations when the pulses reach the same point?
A. It is constructive interference with twice the amplitude
B. It is destructive interference with zero amplitude
C. It is constructive interference with slightly greater amplitude
D. It is constructive interference with the negative amplitude
E. The standing wave is produced
11. Two wave pulses one with a positive amplitude the other with equal negative amplitude travel on a
cord approaching each other. What is the result of the oscillations when the pulses reach the same
point?
A. It is constructive interference with twice the amplitude
B. It is destructive interference with zero amplitude
C. It is constructive interference with slightly greater amplitude
D. It is constructive interference with the negative amplitude
E. The standing wave is produced
AP Physics 1: 2015-2016
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C. 2 cm
D. 5 cm
C. 2 cm
D. 5 cm
E. 20 cm
A snapshot of a wave at a given time is presented by the graph to the right. Use this graph for
questions 14 and 15.
14. What is the amplitude of oscillations?
A. 1 cm
B. 2 cm
C. 4 cm
E. 8 cm
D. 6 cm
D. 6 cm
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B. 100
C. 150
D. 200
E. 250
AP Physics 1: 2015-2016
19. A guitar string resonates at a frequency of 500 Hz forming a standing wave pattern with 5 loops.
What is the fundamental frequency?
A. 100 Hz
B. 200 Hz
C. 300 Hz
D. 400 Hz
E. 500 Hz
20. A guitar string resonates at a fundamental frequency of 300 Hz. Which of the following frequencies
can set the string into resonance?
A. 30 Hz
B. 100 Hz
C. 400 Hz
D. 500 Hz
E. 600 Hz
AP Physics 1: 2015-2016
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8. The lowest frequency in an open tube is 100 Hz. Which of the following frequencies will resonate in
the tube?
(A) 25Hz
(B) 50Hz
(C) 150Hz
(D) 200 Hz
(E) 250Hz
Use the diagram to the right to answer questions 9 and 10.
9.
10. A sound wave resonates in an open pipe with a length of 2 m. What is the resonating frequency?
(Vsound = 340 m/s)
(A) 85 Hz (B) 170 Hz
(C) 340 Hz
(D) 510 Hz
(E) 680 Hz
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AP Physics 1: 2015-2016
2.5
20. Two sound sources produce waves with slightly different frequencies. What happens with the beat
frequency if the frequency of the lowest tone increases and passed the higher tone?
(A) Increases
(D) Increases and then decreases
(B) Decreases
(E) Decreases and then increases
(C) Stays the same
AP Physics 1: 2015-2016
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Name:
Period:
Problem 16.23
A. What are the three longest wavelengths for standing sound waves in a _________-long tube that
is open at both ends?
B. What are the three longest wavelengths for standing sound waves in a _________tube that is
open at one end, closed at the other?
Problem 16.29
Although the vocal tract is quite complicated, we can make a simple model of it as an open-closed
tube extending from the opening of the mouth to the diaphragm, the large muscle separating the
abdomen and the chest cavity.
A. What is the length of this tube if its fundamental frequency equals a typical speech frequency
of _________? Assume a sound speed of _________.
B. Does this result for the tube length seem reasonable, based on observations on your own body?
Yes or No?
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Problem 16.26
Parasaurolophus was a dinosaur whose distinguishing feature was a hollow crest on the head. The
_______- long hollow tube in the crest had connections to the nose and throat, leading some
investigators to hypothesize that the tube was a resonant chamber for vocalization. If you model the
tube as an open-closed system, what are the first three resonant frequencies? Assume a speed of sound
of _______ m/s.
AP Physics 1: 2015-2016
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Name:
Period:
Problem 15.13
A sinusoidal wave has period _________and wavelength _________. What is the wave speed?
Problem 15.8
A stationary boat in the ocean is experiencing waves from a storm. The waves move
at _________h and have a wavelength of _________. The boat is at the crest of a wave. How much
time elapses until the boat is first at the trough of a wave?
Problem 16.13
A. What are the three longest wavelengths for standing waves on a _________-long string that is
fixed at both ends?
B. If the frequency of the second-longest wavelength in part a is _________, what is the frequency
of the third-longest wavelength?
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AP Physics 1: 2015-2016