Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila

University of the City of Manila

Intramuros, Manila
BSCS-IT, 1-1, Presentation Skills, Saturday, 4:00-7:00 PM

VISUALS

GROUP 3
Dogelio, Patricia Mae
Laguitan, Kevin
Lim, Matthew
Ngo, John Rovic
Pongasi, Celestine Neri
Tabios, Ricardo Jr.

Submitted to:
Professor Ryan Ramos

Pongasi, Celestine Neri N.

SIMPLICITY IS THE ULTIMATE SOPHISTICATION. Steve Jobs, quoting

Leonardo da Vinci
Some visuals WORK. They support your presentation, and it greatly
benefits from them.
Others, DONT. You use too much or too little, they kill your presentation and
bore the audience.
Why Visuals are useful?
To display the increase and decrease of values.
For remembrance of something/Memories.
As a guide or basis for something.
Some novels have visuals in order to visualize more whats the scene
or something.
Dogelio, Patricia Mae and Tabios, Ricardo Jr.
Common Types of Visuals
Line Graph- A line chart or line graph is a type of chart which displays
information as a series of data points called 'markers' connected by
straightline segments.[1] It is a basic type of chart common in many fields. It
is similar to a scatter plot except that the measurement points are ordered
(typically by their x-axis value) and joined with straight line segments. A line
chart is often used to visualize a trend in data over intervals of time a time
series thus the line is often drawn chronologically. In these cases they are
known as run charts.
Tables-

A table is a collection of related data held in a structured

format within a database. It consists of fields (columns), and rows.

Organogram-

An organizational chart (often called organization

chart, org chart, organigram (me), or organogram) is a diagram that

shows the structure of an organization and the relationships and relative

ranks of its parts and positions/jobs. The term is also used for similar
diagrams, for example ones showing the different elements of a field of
knowledge or a group of languages.
Bar Chart-

A bar chart or bar graph is a chart that presents grouped

data with rectangular bars with lengths proportional to the values that they
represent. The bars can be plotted vertically or horizontally. A vertical bar
chart is sometimes called a column bar chart.
Flowchart-

A flowchart is a type of diagram that represents an algorithm,

workflow or process, showing the steps as boxes of various kinds, and their
order by connecting them with arrows. This diagrammatic representation
illustrates a solution model to a given problem. Flowcharts are used in
analyzing, designing, documenting or managing a process or program in
various fields.
Pie Chart-

A pie chart (or a circle chart) is a circular statistical graphic, which

is divided into slices to illustrate numerical proportion. In a pie chart, the arc

length of each slice (and consequently its central angle and area),
is proportional to the quantity it represents. While it is named for its resemblance
to a pie which has been sliced, there are variations on the way it can be presented.
The earliest known pie chart is generally credited to William Playfair's Statistical

Breviary of 1801.
Map-

A map is a picture or representation of the Earth's surface, showing

how things are related to each other by distance, direction, and size. Maps
are a way of showing many things about a portion of the earth's surface on a
flat piece of paper that can be carried and transported easily. A map is not a
photograph of the Earth's surface. It can show many things that a picture
cannot show, and as a result, a map looks different in many ways from a
photograph of the Earth's surface.

Scheme-

a large-scale systematic plan or arrangement for attaining some

particular object or putting a particular idea into effect.

Picture-

A picture, also called an image, is a group of colored points on

a flat surface that looks the same as something else. For example, a picture
can look the same as an object or a person. Pictures can also be
drawings, paintings or photographs. People who make such pictures are
called artists, photographers or painters. Pictures are very helpful.
Sometimes people say pictures are worth a thousand words. Pictures
anddiagrams can be used to explain how to do things, and thus a picture is a
kind of tool.
Different Types of Lines
1. Vertical Line- lines that move up and down without any slant
2. Horizontal Lines- lines that are parallel to the horizon
3. Dotted Lines- an indirect, informal, or secondary line of
responsibility within an organization (as represented by a dotted line
on an organizational chart).
4. Curved Lines- Lines that change direction gradually.
5. Fluctuating Lines
Using a Graph or Chart
BEFORE showing a graph/chart, prepare audience for it. Start by telling the
audience what it illustrates. When you show it, give them some time to
understand what they see before going into details.
EXPLAIN it. Some pictures need explaining, too, but graphs and charts
definitely.
Lets now look at the next slide which shows...
First, let me quickly explain the graph.
You can see that different colors have been used to indicate...
The key the bottom left-hand corner shows you...

 The black line gives us...

This aspect of the problem is illustrated in...
USE varied language to describe trends. It will make your speech more
dramatic. For instance, Sales rocketed this year is more dramatic than Sales
increased this year.
HIGHLIGHT the key points. Which parts of it are most significant for your
audience? Comment why.
Id like to start by drawing your attention to...
What Id like to point out here is...
I think youll be surprised to see...
Id like to focus your attention on...
Lets look more closely at...
And of course, INTERPRET the visual. What conclusions do you want to draw
from it? What does it add to your message? What consequences are there?
Lim, Matthew and Ngo, John Rovic
Describing Changes
WE often use visuals to illustrate some changes or developments, increases
and decreases, speed of the change (e.g. the companys income growth).To
describe visuals, we can use the following words.
Upward Movement
verbs:

to reach a peak/maximum /

to increase / rise / go up / climb

to peak

to grow / expand

nouns:

to rocket / boom

an increase / rise / climb / upturn

a peak
e.g. Our sales rose last year.
There is a huge increase
of costs this month.
Note: to increase and to expand
can also be used transitively (i.e.

can have an object): e.g. We

increased sales.
We expanded our workforce.
To raise can only be used
transitively:
e.g. We raised our prices.

Downward Movement
verbs:

We can see a slow decline

to decrease / decline / fall /

of this aspect.

drop /go down / contract

to slump / collapse
to reach a low point / to hit bottom
nouns:
a decrease / fall /

Note: to decrease and to drop can

also be used transitively:
e.g. We have decreased our costs.
We will drop our prices.

To reduce and to cut can only

be used transitively:

decline / downturn
e.g. We reduced his salary.
e.g. Profits have fallen recently.
We had to cut 200 jobs.
Better or Worse (with no regard to direction)
Better

an deterioration

verbs:

Worse

to deteriorate / get worse

verbs:

noun:

to improve / get better

noun:

an improvement

An End to Movement
verbs:
to flatten out / level off /
to stabilize / to recover
nouns:
a leveling off / a recovery
e.g. Sales have flattened out.
No Change
to remain constant/stable

e.g. We plan to maintain

to stay the same/at the same level

our dividend (at the same level).

e.g. Sales have remained constant.

We need to hold our costs down.

Three other verbs;

We plan to keep our prices low.

to maintain, to hold and to keep

are used transitively:
Degree of Change

Speed of Change

dramatically / considerably /

rapidly / quickly /

significantly / markedly /

suddenly / gradually /

moderately / slightly

steadily / slowly

e.g. Sales have fallen considerably.

e.g. Income had dropped slowly.

Profits rose slightly.

Sales went up rapidly.

Compare adverb + verb sentences and adjective + noun sentences:

e.g. There was a sudden increase in prices.

 Prices increased suddenly.

In August, we notice a moderate fall.
This rate fell moderately in August.
It was followed by a gradual decline.
Then it started gradually declining.
Laguitan, Kevin
Dos and Donts
DONT use visuals to repeat what you can say with words. Spoken words are
far more effective than written.
DONT read from the visual. You have to know whats on screen without
watching. Seriously, your audience can actually read those words
themselves.
DONT use too many visuals. Project only what is ultimately necessary to be
emphasized or explained.
DONT overcrowd visuals with too much information. Visuals should help
people understand you better. If you want to give complex details that are
impossible to take in while listening, give it as a handout.
DONT use bullets () for anything but lists. These bullets can really kill your
presentation, they are over-used and mostly inappropriate. People falsely
think that bullets make the audience memorize the information better. In
fact, they are the least effective way of conveying information.
e.g. How to Be Loved:
1. Find somebody to love
2. Love them
3. Demand same from them

 this is not a list. A list is when you actually list some things (types of bird,
factors of risk, etc.).
DONT show a visual until youre starting to talk about it. And remove it once
you finished talking about it. Its recommended to project a blank slide while
you dont need any visual help.
Finally, DONT give more than one thought per each slide. It distracts.
Especially during lists: youre giving 3 points, and reading the first one while
your audience is already reading the other two and thus not listening to you.
Dos
PREPARE each visual carefully and

USE visually aesthetic illustrations,

separately.

be creative.

CHECK if the visual really shows

REDUCE text to a minimum.

what you are saying.

MAKE sure your audience can read
the visual (font size, colors).
FIND effective headlines.
KEEP design and content simple.

CHECK English in all your

materials.
PRESENT information clearly and
logically.

SOURCES:
https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Picture
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flowchart
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pie_chart
http://www.msnucleus.org/membership/html/jh/earth/mapstype/lesson1/map
stypes01a.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line_chart
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table_(database)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizational_chart
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar_chart
https://www.google.com.ph/webhp?sourceid=chromeinstant&ion=1&espv=2&ie=UTF-8#q=what+is+a+scheme
http://thevirtualinstructor.com/line.html
https://www.google.com.ph/webhp?sourceid=chromeinstant&ion=1&espv=2&ie=UTF-8#q=what+is+a+dotted+line