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Culture Documents
PROJECT REPORT
SUBMITTED TO THE BUSINESS SCHOOL, BHADERWAH CAMPUS,
UNIVERSITY OF JAMMU
FOR THE AWARD OF DEGREE OF
B.COM (HONOURS)
Under the supervision of:
Submitted by:
Aman Bali
B.COM (HONOURS)
Subject Name
PROJECT REPORT
Subject Code
BCH-206
Roll No
213070005
Project Report submitted to The Business School, Bhaderwah Campus, University of Jammu in partial
fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the Bachelor of Commerce (Honors). I hereby declare
that this is my original work and has not been submitted elsewhere.
: _____________________________________________
: ______________________________________________
Address
Year
: _2016________________________________________
Certificate
Certified that the Project Report entitled (Topic of the Project) __Electricity Problems:___
_A Case Study Of Bhaderwah________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
It is recommended that this project be placed before the examiner for evaluation.
: _________________________________________
: _________________________________________
CONTENTS
Chapter No.
Title
Page
Chapter 1
Introduction
05-07
Chapter 2
Review of Literature
08-11
Chapter 3
Research Methodology
12-17
Chapter 4
18-35
Chapter 5
36-40
Bibliography
41-45
Questionnaire
46-50
Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
Electricity
Electricity is a great gift to humankind of Modern Science. It has removed
darkness from the world and has blessed every sphere of human activity. Todays
life without electricity is almost impossible. Modern life has become so
mechanical that even for such small things in daily life we need electricity. The
television, radio, grinder, and heater all that we are using at home or work are
running only by electrical power. In these days, nothing a man can do is possible
without the use of electricity. A man in the present ages uses electricity in every
way possible. This research topic is about electricity conditions in Bhaderwah and
the problems face by the peoples of Bhaderwah.
Kashmir. Apart from having picture perfect scenic beauty due to beautiful forests,
there are many small streams flowing through various parts of the town. The
Halyan River flows through the main market of town.
The purpose of this Research is to find out the problems faced by the peoples by
Bhaderwah regarding the electricity. This Research will focus on the problems
faced by the local public and the department will be questioned whether they are
supplying the exact amount that is demanded by people or not. If not what are the
problems the department is facing. The department will be asked why there are so
many cuts in the Town and why there is short in the power supplied. The nature of
the topic is to find out the problems and give a suggestion to solve it. The nature of
the topic dictates the use of both pilot survey and the secondary survey. The data
will get collected by asking the department and the public. On the basis of the data
the Research will get finalized. Questionnaire will be given to both of them to find
out the four main purposes of the topic:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Chapter 2
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Review of Literature
8
The literature review is a text of scholarly paper, which includes the current
knowledge including substantive findings, as well as theoretical and
methodological contributions to a particular topic. Literature reviews are
secondary sources, and do not report new or original experimental work.
Susan Aldridge, Jennifer Rowley Problems in supplying electricity
Evaluate a methodology which was developed to measure public satisfaction
with significant components of the service experience delivered to people at
the City. Uses a questionnaire based survey to collect information on public
satisfaction. The methodology has two unique features: the Public Charter
informed the survey design; and the responses of the public were collected
with the help of a survey and by the data collected with the help of
questionnaires. Outcomes suggest that there remains some resistance to the
completion of questionnaire and both paper and pilot survey versions are
likely to continue to be necessary in order to achieve optimum response
rates. The methodology has identified specific aspects of the service
experience where there was either an absence of public satisfaction or the
level of public satisfaction was variable. These aspects have been further
explored with focus groups and fed into the quality plan for the City. A
negative quality model is proposed which may offer a framework for
response to different types of feedback from public.
Richard Brown, Gordon H.G. McDougall, Terrence Levesque Analysis
of Electronic Distribution Overhead to Underground Conversion.
The conversion of overhead electric power distribution facilities to
underground has been a topic of discussion in Florida for more than twenty
years. The topic studied, discussed and debated many times in the state,
9
and consumption feedback, all of which have their uses when trying to
understand how people react to feedback.
The diverse trials and experiments summarized here, with their wideranging
results, illustrate that there are few single fixes to bring down demand.
They also point to the lack of a standardized approach to researching these
impacts (see EPRI 2009 for a systematic attempt to describe and rectify the
situation). However, there are useful general lessons to be learned. The most
significant single message is that improved feedback is necessary for good
understanding of energy use and effective action to reduce it, but not always
sufficient.
11
Chapter 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Definition
Research comprises defining and redefining problems, formulating,
hypothesis or suggesting; collecting, organizing and evaluating data; making
deduction and reaching conclusions; at last carefully testing the conclusions
to determine whether they fit formulating hypothesis.
Research Methodology
The process used to collect information and data for the purpose of making
business decisions. The methodology may include publication research,
interviews, surveys and other research techniques, and could include both
present and historical information.
12
Sample Technique
The technique used for sampling is Simple Random Sampling.
Statistical Tools
Mean
Standard Deviation
Scope of study
In the project there are many things that the study comprises.
The study can be used as a base for understanding the management of
the department. The findings of study can also be beneficial in
improving the department.
The data for the report can be used by the department to improve the
quality of services.
In can help the management to know the sentiment of the public.
Limitation of the study
15
The bias and hesitation of the customer may affect the analysis of the survey
in a significant manner.
Chapter 4
16
Structured Questionnaire has been used to elicit the information from the
public of Bhaderwah. The questionnaire has been prepared after in depth review of
literature and in consultation with experts, academicians, scholars and ethnic
people of the society.
9 statements are used to measure the demographic profile of the
people. (General Public 1-9)
5 statements are used to measure the electricity equipments used by
them at home. (General Public 10-14)
1 statement used to measure how they conserve electricity. (General
Public 15)
1 statement is used to know the suggestions of the public.
17
The
following
research
findings
have
been
questionnaires:
Table 4.1: Gender Group.
GENDER
MALE
FEMALE
No. of People
163
37
18
revealed
from
200
Gender
Female; 16%
Male; 84%
From the table 4.1 it is revealed that majority of the public are Male.
The
following
research
findings
have
been
questionnaires:
Table 4.2: Age Group.
Age
20
21-30
31-40
No. of People
58
76
27
19
revealed
from
200
41 & Above
39
Age
31-40; 14%
21-30; 38%
From the table 4.2 it is revealed that majority of the public are in the age
between 21-30.
The
following
research
findings
have
been
questionnaires:
Table 4.3: Occupation Group.
Occupation
Student
Govt. Employee
Private Employee
Businessman
Agriculture
No. of People
33
23
34
41
23
20
revealed
from
200
Laborer
Any Other
21
25
Occupation
following
research
findings
have
been
questionnaires:
Table 4.4: Income Group.
Income
10000
11000-20000
20001-30000
30001 & Above
No. of People
60
30
55
55
21
revealed
from
200
Income
>=10000; 30%
20001-30000; 28%
10001-20000; 15%
From the table 4.4 it is revealed that majority of the public are earning less
than 10000.
The
following
research
findings
have
been
questionnaires:
Table 4.5: Family Members Group.
No. of family members
1-2
3-5
6-10
More than 10
No. of People
60
46
38
56
22
revealed
from
200
Family Members
From the table 4.5 it is revealed that majority of the public are having 1-2
family members.
The
following
research
findings
have
been
questionnaires:
Table 4.6: Qualification Group.
Qualification
Illiterate
High School
Graduate
Masters & Above
No. of People
36
70
33
61
23
revealed
from
200
250
200
Total; 200
150
100
High School; 70
50
Illiterate; 36
0
Illiterate
Graduate; 33
High School
Graduate
Total
From the table 4.6 it is revealed that majority of the public are studying in
high school.
The
following
research
findings
have
been
questionnaires:
Table 4.7: Supply of electricity.
Time of light (in hours)
1-2
3-5
6-10
More than 10
No. of People
60
46
38
56
24
revealed
from
200
Time of Light
From 20-23; 2%
From the table 4.7 it is revealed that the supply of electricity is from 0-8
hours.
The
following
research
findings
have
been
questionnaires:
Table 4.8: Light cuts during summer.
No. of light cuts (in hours)
0-2
3-6
7 & Above
No. of People
41
84
75
25
revealed
from
200
Light Cuts
45%
40%
35%
30%
25%
From 0-2; 21%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
From 0-2
From 3-6
7 & Above
From the table 4.8 it is revealed that light cuts during summer are from 3-6
hours.
The
following
research
findings
have
been
questionnaires:
Table 4.9: Light cuts during winter.
No. of light cuts (in hours)
0-2
3-6
7 & Above
No. of People
17
65
118
26
revealed
from
200
Light Cuts
70%
7 & Above; 59%
60%
50%
40%
From 3-6; 33%
30%
20%
From
10% 0-2; 9%
0%
From 0-2
From 3-6
7 & Above
From the table 4.9 it is revealed that light cuts during winter are more than 7
hours.
The
following
research
findings
have
been
questionnaires:
Table 4.10: Electrical equipments at home.
No. of electrical equipments
5 & below
6-8
No. of People
35
78
27
revealed
from
200
9 & Above
87
Electrical Equipment
45%
40%
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
5 & Below
From 6-8
9 & Above
Table 4.10 shows that majority of the public own more than 9 equipment.
The
following
research
findings
have
been
questionnaires:
Table 4.10: Saving Electricity.
Saving Electricity
Yes
No
No. of People
177
23
28
revealed
from
200
Saving Elerctricity
Yes
No
Data Collected
(Frequency, Mean & Standard Deviation)
Statement for measuring the electricity
problems faced by the people of
Bhaderwah
You are satisfied with the electricity supplied
29
S
D
1
0
D
2
SD+
D
CS
3
A
4
SA
5
SA
+A
Mea
n
S
e
12
12
81
10
0
10
7
3.57 2
71 1
7
3.34 2
83 8
38
39
73
81
88
55
56
75
66
69
3.15 2
42 5
24
24
60
73
43
11
6
3.75 1
62
8
44
44
63
69
24
93
3.45 1
27
6
37
38
63
67
32
99
3.55 1
22 3
33
35
63
83
19
10
2
3.51 1
74 5
120
55
24
25
2.49 1
25
6
82
63
41
14
55
2.98 1
01
7
18
19
81
91
10
0
3.55 1
72 5
23
24
59
76
41
11
7
3.78 1
11 9
23 94
127
55
28
28
2.56 2
72 0
30
32
32
59
74
35
10
9
3.68 2
66 3
8
22 77
99
67
34
34
2.70 2
15 3
93
95
78
27
27
2.79 2
1
2
35
37
74
82
89
3.42 2
79 8
32
36
52
76
36
11
2
3.68 2
66 1
60
64
25
89
22
11
1
3.47 2
76 1
35
35
48
84
33
11
7
3.73 2
13 1
10 44
54
52
62
32
94
3.47 2
26 6
31
Out of 200, 107 people agreed on statement 17 that they are satisfied with the
electricity supplied at their homes. This shows that the supply of electricity in
Bhaderwah is sufficient.
Out of 200, 88 people agreed on statement 18 that there are too many light cuts.
Out of 200, 75 people are not sure about the schedule of light. It shows that
people are not aware if theres a proper schedule for light or not.
Out of 200, 116 people agreed on statement 20 that there is proper voltage
supplied.
According to statement 21, 93 people out of 200 agreed that there is no damage
to electrical equipment.
Out of 200, 99 people agreed on statement 22 that there is proper voltage supply
electricity.
Out of 200, 127 people dis-agreed on statement 28 that there is no fluctuation in
available on call.
Out of 200, 111 people are aware of the electrician in their area.
32
Out of 200, 117 people agreed on statement 35 that the behavior of the
Questionnaire (Management)
The information required in this questionnaire is for research purpose only and your valuable
opinion will help us in improving the quality of services provided by electricity department. Your
information will be kept confidential.
21. Any plans in improving electricity supply in winters _no, because during the winter the
wires breakdown__________________________________________________________
22. Any further plans for underground wiring system of electricity, if yes how much time it
will take to implement in Bhaderwah ___no plans for underground wiring syste,______
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
23. People are paying fares in due dates _________yes______________________________
24. Are people using electricity in unfair means ______yes, but very few________________
S. No.
25
Statement
There is 24 hours light supply in local Hospitals
26
27
28
29
31
32
33
34
36
37
30
35
34
SD
CS
SA
38
maintenance
There are qualified heads in the department
39
40
41
42
43
Any Suggestions: People must stop using heaters as it will help in the maintenance
of wires. As in case of heaters it causes damage to wires._____________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
35
Chapter 5
CONCLUSIONS & SUGGESTIONS
Conclusion:
From the following research and the conducted interviews with the general
public of Bhaderwah it is confirm that most of the people of Bhaderwah are
satisfied with the electricity supplied, and also they agreed that there are too much
electricity cuts. Many peoples are saying that they are now aware if theres any
scheduled time for electricity. Proper voltage of electricity is supplied in the town
except during the times of snowfall and rainfall. There is fair charge for the
electricity used. According to the public of Bhaderwah, there is fluctuation in
36
electricity only at the times during winter, snowfall and rainfall. Most of the people
are satisfied with the quality of services provided by the department.
Residents of Bhaderwah said that unscheduled power cuts have thrown life
out of gear. Residents complain that though they pay power tariff as per the
curtailment schedule but power is not supplied in accordance with it. Electricity
plays hide and seek and is often disrupted for days. Unscheduled power cuts have
become a routine. Students are the worst sufferers as erratic power supply has
affected their studies. The local public then says that they are forced to study in
candlelight. Especially students from far off places are unable to perform well in
studies because of erratic power supply. The people of Bhaderwah said that if a
transformer damages it doesnt get repaired in weeks.
Many people said that the electricity department should take theirs meter
back and start supplying the electricity like the old times.
But the management has total different answers according to the survey the
management answer for some questions they said that they have 138 employees
working and the electricity is supplied from both local plant and other supply
37
stations. They said that they supply 90 volts per household but a normal household
demands for 180 volts. Management then pointed that they have 13 transformers
and 3 more as spare transformers but the public says if a transformer damages the
management takes about a week to repair it. Management then pointed out that
they have 17 employees in local plant, and they said they face problems in
supplying electricity like the wires are not in good condition and the people are
using heaters which cause damage to wires. The electricity department of
Bhaderwah currently has no further plans for underground wiring system. About
the fair payments the department is comfortable as the public are paying fares in
time. People are also using electricity in unfair means which also cause damage to
electrical equipment.
The department suggested that people must stop using heaters as it will help
in maintenance of wires. As in case of heaters it causes damage to wiring.
Suggestion:
38
After the whole research and surveys it is clear that the department isn`t
supplying enough electricity as a normal household demands. The department must
supply more electricity. As in case of more supplying the department need to
produce more as the more electricity is produced the more gets supplied.
A normal household gets 90 volts of electricity supplied when they need
180 volts its the half electricity supplied then the demand
The department must implement plans to the employees for the proper
maintenance of the department. Every resident of Bhaderwah town complains
about the hide and seek that electricity plays during winters, Electricity plays hide
and seek and is often disrupted for days. Unscheduled power cuts have become a
routine. The department says during winters due to rain and snow the poles and
wires break down as in case it gets hard to supply electricity. To improve this
department must start planning for underground wiring.
The department need more transformers as 1 of it damages it takes about a
week to repair it and also more efficient workers would do the trick. The
department needs more employees in the local electricity plant to produce more
electricity and supply more of it.
The public must also take a step and stop using heater to save the wires from
any kind of damage.
39
40
BIBLIOGRAPHY
References
Abrahamse, W, Steg, L, Vlek, C and Rothengatter, T (2005) A review of
intervention studies aimed at household energy conservation. Journal of
Environmental Psychology 25, 273-291.
Anderson, W and White, V (2009) Exploring the functionality of real-time
home energy displays. Report to the Energy Saving Trust. Centre for Sustainable
Energy, Bristol.
41
42
43
Dwyer, WO, Leeming, FC, Cobern, MK, Porter, BE and Jackson, JM (1993)
Critical review of behavioural interventions to preserve the environment: research
since 1980. Environment and behaviour 25 (3) 275-321.
EPRI (2009) Residential electricity use feedback: a research synthesis and
economic framework. Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alt.
Ersson, E & Pyrko, J (2009a) El-info via digitala kanaler. Fallstudie 1 Min
elfrbrukning hos Sknska Energi. (Information via digital channels. Case study 1
My electricity use at Skanska Energy). Lund University, Energy Sciences, ITRN
LUTMDN/TMHP--09/3039--SE.
Ersson, E & Pyrko, J (2009b) Ersson Elin & Pyrko Jurek, El-info via digitala
kanaler. Potential att frndra elanvndning i bostder, Fallstudie 2: "Dina Sidor"
hos resundskraft, Energivetenskaper, Lunds Universitet - LTH, ISRN
LUTMDN/TMHP-- 09/3042SE.
Pyrko, J (2009c) Case study with E.ON.
EST (2007) The Ampere strikes back. Energy Saving Trust, London.
Faruqui, A and Sergici, S (2008) The power of experimentation: new evidence
on residential demand response. Discussion paper, Brattle Group.
Faruqui, Ahmad, Harris, Dan and Hledik, Ryan M., Unlocking the 53 Billion
Savings from Smart Meters in the EU - How Increasing the Adoption of Dynamic
Tariffs Could Make or Break the EUs Smart Grid Investment (December 1, 2009).
Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1527165
Faruqui, A, Sergici, S and Sharif, A (2010) The impact of informational feedback
on energy consumption - a survey of the experimental evidence. Energy 35 (4),
1598-1608.
44
45
QUESTIONNAIRE
46
10. Is there 24 hour supply of electricity, if not tick the time of light
1. Name: __________________
2. Age
>20
21-30
31-40
41 & Above
3. Address ________________
_______________________
4. Gender
Male
Female
5. Occupation
Student
Govt. Employee
Private Employee
Businessman
Agriculture
Laborer
Any other ______
0-8 hours
9-14 hours
15-19 hours
20-23 hours
11. How many light cuts are there during summer
0-2 hours
3-6 hours
7 & above
12. How many light cuts are there during winter
0-2 hours
3-6 hours
7 & above
13. How many electrical equipments you are using in house
5 & Below
6. Monthly Income
6-8
7 & Above
Heater
Washing Machine
Air Conditioner
Geyser
Heating Rod
Computer
Fans
If other, ____________________________
15. Do you think saving electricity is good?
a) Yes
9. Qualification
Illiterate
High School
Graduate
Masters and above
47
b) No
16.
___________________________________________________________
S.n
o
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
33
34
35
29
30
31
32
48
SD
CS
SA
36
Questionnaire (Management)
The information required in this questionnaire is for research purpose only and your valuable
opinion will help us in improving the quality of services provided by electricity department. Your
information will be kept confidential.
_______________________________________________________________________
23. People are paying fares in due dates __________________________________________
24. Are people using electricity in unfair means ____________________________________
S. No.
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
Statement
SD
There is 24 hours light supply in local Hospitals
Electricity is supplied 24 hours in University
There is 24 hour supply of electricity during winters
There is 24 hour supply of electricity during summers
There are problems in supplying electricity in
snowfalls
There are problems in supplying electricity in
rainfalls
There is shortage of supply of Electricity
There is proper time management in the department
There are rules and regulations in the department
The wires installed for supplying electricity are in
good condition
There are employees appointed to improve the
department
Employees in Department getting proper salary
There is enough staff in the department for
maintenance
There are qualified heads in the department
There is local electricity generating plant in
Bhaderwah (Sartingal)
CS
50
SA
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
Thanks for helping us for the completion of our research
51