Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Life is a journey
Frame of journey
Journey =
Traveler =
Destination =
Obstacles =
Distance covered =
Way of the journey =
Choices about the path
=
Frame of life
Life
person leading a life
Purpose of life
Difficulties
progress made
manner of living
choices in life etc
Source domain
Target domain
Basis of metaphor
Neural structures corresponding to source and target
Relationship between the source and target
Metaphorical linguistic expressions
Mappings
Entailments
Aspects of source and target
Blends
Non-linguistic realizations
Cultural models
Basis of metaphor
Linguistic expressions
THEORY IS A BUILDING
Weve got the framework for a solid argument
If you dont support your argument with solid facts, the whole thing
will collapse
With the groundwork we have got we can build a strong argument.,
Blending
Non-linguistic realization:
Cultural models
Metaphor variation
anger,
HE ANGRY PERSON IS A PRESSURIZED CONTAINER:
there are two dimensions along which conceptual metaphors VARY cross
culturally.
Congruence: generic level and specific level: a generic level
conceptual metaphor is instantiated in culture specific ways at a
specific level. THE ANGRY PERSON IS A PRESSURIZED CONTAINER, is a
metaphor that functions at a very generic level. it does not specify
what kind of container is used, what the fluid refers to, whether the
container is heated or not etc. at this level it is almost universal. but
the cultural variation is visible at the specific level of this. IN
Japanese the same metaphor is built around the concept of HARA,
the belly. In case of Chinese, the fluid refers to gas, not liquid. In
case of Zulu, the container is heart, THE ANGER IS IN HEART , whereas
in English heart is associated with love affection etc.
Subcultural dimension: each society and culture consist of its own subcultures,
which develop their own metaphors and these metaphors may define the
group. DEPRESSION IS CAPTOR USED BY Depressed people . (McMullen and
Conway,2002).
a)
b)
c)
Differential experience: this refers to all the culturally unique and salient
features and values that characterize cultures.
Cultural context: : Euro-American concept of anger is derived from the
classical-medieval notion of four humors (which refers to four fluids-phlegm, black bile, yellow bile, blood) that regulate the vital processes in
the
Communicative situation: body.topic in a communicative situation very
often plays a crucial role in the choice of metaphors. Consider these :
COUGARS DROWN BEAVERS, AIRFORCE TORPEDOES THE NAVY, these refer to
American football
History: gamesHemingways metaphors are said to have risen from his
bullfighting in Spain, game-hunting in Africa and deep sea fishing in
Florida.
Non-verbal metaphors:
Pictorial metaphor
Contextual:
Multimodal metaphor
Humans engage in embodied simulation at various times for various purposes like
communicative purposes or for solving cognitive tasks etc.
Some simulations are purely mental, like closing ones eyes and see her house etc.
Neuroscience research reveals that brain areas associated with visual processing of
motion are active when people see pictures depicting both real and implied
motions. This suggests that processing implied motion in static depiction is very
similar to perception of real motion.
Concepts are often understood in embodied metaphorical termsas items that can
be acted upon by the body.-----Stomp out racism/ grasp the concept/ chew on the
idea etc
Studies show that when asked about the mental image of a metaphorical sentence,
participants answered more in terms of conceptualized descriptions, rather than in
terms of actual action.
Which shows that mental images for metaphorical action phrases are constrained by
he embodied understanding of the target domain referred to.