Coastal erosion & protection

Fig. 1 Terms describing beach profile

Coastal erosion & protection

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of storm wave attack on beach and dune

Coastal erosion & protection

e
Wav

t
cres

Deep water
Refraction zone

Rip current surf z

Longshore current
Swash zone

Fig.3 Zonation of nearshore region

RIP HEAD

BREAKER ZONE

LONG SHORE
CURRENT

RIP CURRENT

RIP CURRENT

RIP HEAD
MASS TRANSPORT

BEACH

Fig. 4. Near shore Current System

Coastal erosion & protection

H-INCREASE
L

WAVE BREAKS
SEDIMENTS
THROWN
SUSPENSION
d=1.15H

d=0.16 L

WAVE FEEL BOTTOM

VELOCITIES INCREASES
MASS TRANSPORT VELOCITY IMPORTANT
SEDIMENT MOVES DEPENDING ON ITS SIZE

L : SHOREENS
H : INTIAL

Fig. 5. Mechanics of sediment transport

CREST OF BEAM

P A T H O F S A N D G R A IN S
SURF ZONE
LO NG SHO RE CURRENTS
L IN E

OF B
RE

AKER

P A T H O F S A N D G R A IN S
O U T S ID E S U R F Z O N E
O B L IQ U E O F W A V E

Fig. 6. Mechanics of sediment transport (Plan View)

Coastal erosion & protection

VARIES

SEA

BACK FILL

FOUNDATION PILES

SHEET PILES

FIG.7A. CONCRETE FACE

Fig. 7a. Concrete face seawall

Miami beach

Sealevel

Sealevel

Sealevel
USA
Britain

Sealevel

Europe

Spain
Italy
Sealevel

Britain
Sealevel
Spain
Sealevel
Great britain
France
Sealevel

Holland
Denmark
Germany

Sealevel
Great britain
Portugal
Scanndinavya
Sealevel

Scandinavya
Sealevel

Sealevel

Fig. 7b. Types of sea wall

Belgium
Holland
Britain

Denmark
Germany
Great britain
Holland
Germany

Fig. 7d. Protection work at Royapuram beach Madras

Fig. 7c. Cross section of the rubble mound sea wall

Coastal erosion & protection

Coastal erosion & protection

Fig. 7e. Development of seawall section adopted for the Kerala coast

Fig. 8b. Section of seawall under failure

Fig. 8a. Section of seawall when constructed

Coastal erosion & protection

Fig. 9a Section of seawall designed with sheet pile at Toe

Coastal erosion & protection

Fig.9b. Section of seawall designed with armour dump at Toe

Coastal erosion & protection

Coastal erosion & protection

BEACH

G R O IN A D JU S TE D S H O R E LIN E

G R O IN A D JU S TE D S H O R E LIN E

O R IG IN A L S H O R E LIN E

D IR E C TIO N O F N E T LO N G S H O R E S E D IM E N T TR A N S P O R T
OCEAN

F ig.10a. G eneral sh oreline configuration for a G roin

Fig.10a. General shoreline configuration for a single groin

BEACH
ORIGINAL SHORELINE

GROIN ADJUSTED SHORELINE

DIRECTION OF NET LONGSHORE TRANSPORT
OCEAN

Fig.10b.General Shoreline configuration for two or more Groin

Fig.10b. General shoreline configuration for two or more groin

LO W D U N ES G R AD E

0 .5 T O N S T O 3 T O N S
10 TO 75 Kg

N ATU R AL SLO PE

Fig.11. Riprap rivetment

CRUSHED STONES