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J. Sc. & Tech. Univ.

Peshawar,
2015,
39 (2), 1-12.
Diversity and
Economic
Importance of Tree Species in the Peshawar

DIVERSITY AND ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF TREE SPECIES IN THE


PESHAWAR CANTONMENT, KHYBER PUKHTUNKWHA, PAKISTAN
HASSAN RAZA1 AND ASAD ULLAH1
1

Centre of Plant Biodiversity, University of Peshawar, 25120, Peshawar, Pakistan

Abstract: A total of 121 tree species belonging to 87 genera and 40 families were
recorded from the research area. Among the 40 families 5 were Gymnosperms while
the remaining 35 were Angiosperms. In Gymnosperms the maximum genera and
species were of Cupressaceae, i.e. 2 genera (2.2988%) and 3 species (2.2988%),
followed by Cycadaceae, 1 genus (1.1494%) and 2 species (1.6528%), followed by
Araucariaceae, Ginkgoaceae, and Pinaceae had 1 genus (1.1494%) and 1 specie each
(0. 0.8264%). Among angiosperms monocot were represented by 1 family, 4 genera
(4.5977%) and 4 species (3.3057%), while the 34 families, 76 genera and 109 species
were dicots.The leading genera is from the family Papilionaceae, 7 genera (8.0459%)
and 7 species (5.7851%), followed by Caesalpinaceae, and Euphorbiaceae, with 6
genera (6.8965%) and 7 species (5.7851%), followed by Moraceae, having 5 genera
(5.7851%) and thirteen species (10.7438%), followed by Myrtaceae, having 5 genera
(5.7471%) and 6 species (4.9586%), which in turn followed by Palmae, with 4 genera
(4.5977%) and 4 species (3.3057%), followed by Oleaceae, with 4 genera (4.5977%)
and 6 species (4.9586%), followed by Anacardiaceae, Apocynaceae, Bignoniaceae,
with 3 genera (3.4482%) and 3 species (2.4793%), Mimosaceae with 3 genera
(3.4482%), 9 species (7.4380%), and Rosaceae 3 genera (3.4482), 6 species (4.9586),
followed by Cupressaceae, Boraginaceae, with 2 genera (2.2988%) and 3 species
(2.2988%), Magnoliaceae, Meliaceae, and Sterculiaceae with 2 genera (2.2988%) and
2 species (1.6528%), Rutaceae, with 2 genera (2.2988%) and 4 species (3.3057%),
and Salicaceae with 2 genera (2.2988%) and 5 species (4.1322%), which in turn
followed by the Araucariaceae, Ginkgoaceae, Aceraceae, Annonaceae, Bombacaceae,
Caricaceae, Casurinaceae, Flacourtiaceae, Juglandaceae, Platanaceae, Proteaceae,
Punicaceae, Simaroubaceae, Tamaricaceae, Ulmaceae, Verbenaceae with 1 genus
(1.1494%) and 1 specie (0.8264%), Combretaceae, Ebenaceae, Lythraceae and
Rhamnaceae being 1 genus (1.1494%) and 2 species (1.6528%) of the total species.
The maximum number of species from the family Moraceae with and 5 genera
(5.7851), and 13 species (10.7438%) of the total species. The Tree distribution
showed that 55 species were native and 66 plants were exotic in their nature. Studies
of economical values showed that 85 plants were grown for ornamental purpose,
timber wood of 55 plants was used, oils for various purposes were extracted from 18
plants, 12 plants are medicinally important, 29 plants yield edible fruits, flowers and
leaves of 3 plants were taken as vegetables.
Keywords: Trees, conserved flora, cantonment area, Peshawar, Pakistan.
1

Hassan Raza and Asad Ullah

Introduction
Cantonments
in
Pakistan
are
permanent military stationed areas, which are
administered by Cantonment Boards under
the control of the Military Lands and
Cantonments Department (MLCD), Ministry
of Defense, and Government of Pakistan.
Cantonments are established and governed by
the Cantonment Act, 1924. The Peshawar
Cantonment was established on the remains
of old town site and the graveyard. It was
irregular and oblong in shape. It covers an
area of 13.64 km2 (5.12 Sq. miles or 3277.97
Acres). It was occupied by British troops
soon after annexation of Punjab in 1848-49.
After the fall of Sikhs in 1849 and annexation
of Punjab to the British Empire, a Military
Garrison was established at Peshawar during
1868 on the remains of old town site and
ancient grave yards.
In 2011, there are total forty eight
Cantonments board in Pakistan. Ten in
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, twenty two in Punjab,
nine in Sindh, six in Balochistan while two in
Gilgit Baltistan. Peshawar Cantonment is the
second cantonment on the basis of population
68,755 as per 1998 census report. It has 14
Parks and 1 Graveyard along with 167
Sanitary Workers take care of sanitation. It
plays very important role in conservation of
both Flora and Fauna. The boundaries of
Peshawar Cantonment were first notified vide
Punjab Gazette Notification No. 279, dated 711-1898. The boundaries were extended in
1943 vide Government of India Notification
No. 10/14/G/CEL, dated 27-11-1943.
Peshawar lies between 33 44/ and 34
15/ north latitude and 71 22/ and 71 42/ east
longitude. The climate of Peshawar may be
divided into spring, summer, autumn and
winter. The hottest month is July (46.6 0C)
2

and January is the coldest month (Below 0


0
C) during the winter, the average annual rain
fall is 125 mm. Based on a 30 year record, the
average annual precipitation has been
recorded as 400 millimeters. The relative
humidity varies from 46% in June to 76% in
August (GOP, 1998).
A tree is a perennial woody species
normally having a single woody trunk that
can grow at least above breast height or more.
Cantonment Board Peshawar is densely
covered with beautiful green coverage of
huge trees that provide to innumerable
species of micro and macro life forms.
Majority of trees species are exotic in their
nature. The trees remained undocumented
since long, although were thought to be useful
tool for determining the Conservation Status
of Plant Natural Resources. The world's tree
resources are shrinking and disappearing at an
alarming rate due to heavy harvesting and
clearing woodlands for agricultural crops to
meet the growing needs for food,
construction, medicines, fuel, and fiber.
According to the summary report of the
World Commission on Forests and
Sustainable Development, the Forests have
virtually disappeared in 25 countries; 18 have
lost more than 95% of their forests and
another 11 have lost 90%. The highest current
estimate of the worlds remaining forests
areas is about 3.6 billion hectares from an
originally forested area of more than 6.0
billion hectares (WCFSD, 1999).
On the other hand trees have an
importance role in human life. Tangible
benefits of urban trees such as cooling and
noise reduction can be relatively easily
measured. Certain physiological benefits
people derive from trees have also been
measured. People who were exposed to
images of trees became more relaxed as

Diversity and Economic Importance of Tree Species in the Peshawar

indicated by decreases in blood pressure and


slower heart rates (Ulrich, 1981). The list of
benefits that trees proved, with no
exaggeration cant be numbered. The bold
features like reduced pollution, erosion
control, wildlife habitat, energy saving &
enhanced human comfort are all well-known
long term consequences of tree planting.
Plantation in Cantonment Board
Peshawar has been done in parks, road sides,
lawns and grave yards. Trees species found in
cantonment area are economically important.
Multi uses include ornamental purposes,
timber wood, fruits and nuts, vegetables,
medicines, oil extracts, tannins and gums and
dyes. Being cantonment and flocked area
tress are mostly planted for ornamental
purposes, shades and aesthetic values. Studies
of economical values showed that 86 plants
were grown for ornamental purpose , timber
wood of 56 plants were used, oils for various
purposes was extracted from 16 plants, 12
plants are medicinally important, 32 plants
yield edible fruits, flower and leaves of 5
plants were taken as vegetables. Well known
ornamental
plant
Include
Araucaria
cunninghamii,
Cupressusarizonica,
Cupressussempervirens,
Thujaorientalis,
Cycasrevoluta,
Cycasrumphii,
Livistonachinensis,
Roystonearegia
and
Phoenix dactyliferaetc. Important timber
wood include Pinusroxburghii, Bombaxceiba,
Terminaliaarjuna, Eucalyptus camaldulensis,
Dalbergiasissoo, Platanusorientalis, Populus
alba, Populusciliata, Salix acmophyllaand
Salix babylonica etc. Fruits yielding plants
include
Eriobotrya
japonica,
Prunusarmeniaca,
Prunusdomestica,
Ziziphusjujuba,
Ziziphusmauritiana,
Diospyros
lotus,
Diospyros
kaki,
Prunusmalus, Morusalba, Moruslaevigata,
Morusnigraand Psidium guava etc. Flowers

of Bauhinia purpurea, Bombaxceiba and


Bauhinia variegataetc. are used as
vegetables. Medicinally important trees
include Punicagranatum, Oleaeuropaea,
Oleaferruginea, Acacia leucophloeaand
Jacaranda mimosifoliaetc. Oil is extracted
from
some
plants
like
Cupressussempervirens,
Thujaorientalis,
Ricinuscommunis, Magnolia grandiflora,
Oleaeuropaea, Oleaferruginea, Citrus limon,
Citrus
medica,
Micheliachampaca,
Eucalyptus
camaldulensis,
and
Myrtuscommunisetc. The Cantonment is full
of many species of trees, but the most
dominant species belonging to families
Moraceae, Mimosaceae, Caesalpinaceae,
Euphorbiaceae, Papilionaceae, Myrtaceae,
Oleaceae, Rosaceae and Salicaceae.
Materials and Methods
A survey was conducted during
March 2012 to May 2013 in the flowering
seasons of trees. Plants specimens were
collected, documented, preserved and
identified with the help of literature.
Economic importance was enlisted in
consultation with inhabitants of cantonment
area and priority was given to important and
bold daily utilities. Available literatures
regarding tree usage in Pakistan were also
taken in focus like Kitamura, 1957; Arshad et
al., 1999; Badshah et al., 2004. Identification
was carried out with the help of available
literature (Parker, 1965; Qureshi and Khan,
1965-67 & 1971; Nasir and Ali, 1970-1989;
Stewart, 1972; Beg and Khan, 1977; Ali and
Nasir, 1989-91; Chughtai and Shah, 1989 a &
b; Sheikh, 1993; Ali and Qaiser, 1993-2015;
Ullahet al., 2006; Mughal, 2009 and Dasti et
al., 2010). Mounting of specimens was made
on standard herbarium sheets. For reference
each specimen was given voucher number
and deposited at the Herbarium of Centre of
3

Hassan Raza and Asad Ullah

Plant Biodiversity, University of Peshawar


(UPBG).
Results and Discussion
A total of 121 tree species belonging
to 87 genera and 40 families were recorded
from the research area. Among the 40
families 5 were Gymnosperms while the
remaining 35 were Angiosperms. In
Gymnosperms the maximum genera and
species were of Cupressaceae, i.e. 2 genera
(2.2988%) and 3 species (2.2988%), followed
by Cycadaceae, 1 genus (1.1494%) and 2
species
(1.6528%),
followed
by
Araucariaceae, Ginkgoaceae, and Pinaceae
had 1 genus (1.1494%) and 1 specie each (0.
0.8264%). Among angiosperms monocot
were represented by 1 family, 4 genera
(4.5977%) and 4 species (3.3057%), while
the 34 families, 76 genera and 109 species
were dicots. In Dicots the leading families
were represented by Papilionaceae with 7
genera (8.0459%) and 7 species (5.7851%),
followed
by
Caesalpinaceae,
and
Euphorbiaceae, with 6 genera (6.8965%) and
7 species (5.7851%), followed by Moraceae,
having 5 genera (5.7851%) and thirteen
species (10.7438%), followed by Myrtaceae,
having 5 genera (5.7471%) and 6 species
(4.9586%), which in turn followed by
Palmae, with 4 genera (4.5977%) and 4
species (3.3057%), followed by Oleaceae,
with 4 genera (4.5977%) and 6 species
(4.9586%), followed by Anacardiaceae,
Apocynaceae, Bignoniaceae, with 3 genera
(3.4482%) and 3 species (2.4793%),
Mimosaceae with 3 genera (3.4482%), 9
species (7.4380%), and Rosaceae 3 genera
(3.4482), 6 species (4.9586), followed by
Cupressaceae, Boraginaceae, with 2 genera
(2.2988%) and 3 species (2.2988%),
Magnoliaceae, Meliaceae, and Sterculiaceae
with 2 genera (2.2988%) and 2 species
4

(1.6528%), Rutaceae, with 2 genera


(2.2988%) and 4 species (3.3057%), and
Salicaceae with 2 genera (2.2988%) and 5
species (4.1322%), which in turn followed by
the Araucariaceae, Ginkgoaceae, Aceraceae,
Annonaceae, Bombacaceae, Caricaceae,
Casurinaceae, Flacourtiaceae, Juglandaceae,
Platanaceae,
Proteaceae,
Punicaceae,
Simaroubaceae, Tamaricaceae, Ulmacaeae,
Verbenaceae with 1 genus (1.1494%) and 1
specie (0.8264%), Combretaceae, Ebenaceae,
Lythraceae and Rhamnaceae being 1 genus
(1.1494%) and 2 species (1.6528%) of the
total species.
The leading genera in the all families
is from the Papilionaceae, 7 genera
(8.0459%) and 7 species (5.7851%), followed
by Caesalpinaceae, and Euphorbiaceae, with
6 genera (6.8965%) and 7 species (5.7851%),
followed by Moraceae, having 5 genera
(5.7851%) and thirteen species (10.7438%),
followed by Myrtaceae, having 5 genera
(5.7471%) and 6 species (4.9586%), which in
turn followed by Palmae, with 4 genera
(4.5977%) and 4 species (3.3057%), followed
by Oleaceae, with 4 genera (4.5977%) and 6
species
(4.9586%),
followed
by
Anacardiaceae, Apocynaceae, Bignoniaceae,
with 3 genera (3.4482%) and 3 species
(2.4793%), Mimosaceae with 3 genera
(3.4482%), 9 species (7.4380%), and
Rosaceae 3 genera (3.4482), 6 species
(4.9586),
followed
by
Cupressaceae,
Boraginaceae, with 2 genera (2.2988%) and 3
species (2.2988%), Magnoliaceae, Meliaceae,
and Sterculiaceae with 2 genera (2.2988%)
and 2 species (1.6528%), Rutaceae, with 2
genera (2.2988%) and 4 species (3.3057%),
and Salicaceae with 2 genera (2.2988%) and
5 species (4.1322%), which in turn followed
by
the
Araucariaceae,
Ginkgoaceae,
Aceraceae,
Annonaceae,
Bombacaceae,

Diversity and Economic Importance of Tree Species in the Peshawar

Caricaceae, Casurinaceae, Flacourtiaceae,


Juglandaceae,
Platanaceae,
Proteaceae,
Punicaceae, Simaroubaceae, Tamaricaceae,
Ulmacaeae, Verbenaceae with 1 genus
(1.1494%) and 1 specie (0.8264%),
Combretaceae, Ebenaceae, Lythraceae and
Rhamnaceae being 1 genus (1.1494%) and 2
specie (1.6528%) of the total species. The
maximum number of species from the family
Moraceae with and 5 genera (5.7851), 13
species (10.7438%) of the total species (Fig.
1, 2, 3 and 4).
Tree distribution in the research area
showed that 55 species were native and 66
plants were exotic in their nature. These are
mostly planted for ornamental purpose. Trees
species found in cantonment area are
economically important. Multi uses include
ornamental purposes, timber wood, fruits and
nuts, vegetables, medicines, oil extracts,
tannins and gums and dyes. Being
cantonment and flocked area tress are mostly
planted for ornamental purposes, shades and
aesthetic values. Studies of economical values
showed that 85 plants were grown for
ornamental purpose, timber wood of 55 plants
were used, oils for various purposes was
extracted from 18 plants, 16 plants are
medicinally important, 29 plants yield edible
fruits, flower and leaves of 3 plants were

6.8965

6.8965

Percentage

8.0459

taken as vegetables. Well known ornamental


plant Include Araucaria cunninghamii,
Cupressusarizonica, Cupressussempervirens,
Thujaorientalis,
Cycasrevoluta,
Cycasrumphii,
Livistonachinensis,
Roystonearegia and Phoenix dactyliferaetc.
Important
timber
wood
include
Pinusroxburghii,
Bombaxceiba,
Terminaliaarjuna, Eucalyptus camaldulensis,
Dalbergiasissoo, Platanusorientalis, Populus
alba, Populusciliata, Salix acmophylla and
Salix babylonica etc. Fruits yielding plants
include
Eriobotrya
japonica,
Prunusarmeniaca,
Prunusdomestica,
Ziziphusjujuba,
Ziziphusmauritiana,
Diospyros
lotus,
Diospyros
kaki,
Prunusmalus, Morus alba, Moruslaevigata,
Morusnigraand Psidium guava etc. flowers of
Bauhinia purpurea, Bombaxceiba and
Bauhinia variegataetc. are used as
vegetables. Medicinally important trees
include Punicagranatum, Oleaeuropaea,
Oleaferruginea, Acacia leucophloeaand
Jacaranda mimosifoliaetc. Oil is extracted
from
some
plants
like
Cupressussempervirens,
Thujaorientalis,
Ricinuscommunis, Magnolia grandiflora,
Oleaeuropaea, Oleaferruginea, Citrus limon,
Citrus
medica,
Micheliachampaca,
Eucalyptus
camaldulensis,
and
Myrtuscommunisetc (Table-1).

5.7851

5.7471

4.5977

Fig.1. Percentage of the families with leading genera.

Percentage

Hassan Raza and Asad Ullah


12
10
8
6
4
2
0

Percentage

Fig.2 Percentage the families with leading species.


90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0

Fig. 3 Distribution of the plants according to their economic importance.

12%

Gymnosperm

Angiosperm

88%

Fig.4 Comparison between gymnosperms and angiosperms families

Diversity and Economic Importance of Tree Species in the Peshawar

References
Ali, S. I. and M. Qaiser.1993. Flora of
Pakistan. Nos. 194-214. Department
of Botany, Karachi University,
Karachi.
Ali, S. I. and Y. J. Nasir.1989-1991. Flora of
Pakistan. Nos. 191-193. Department
of Botany, Karachi University,
Karachi.
Arshad, M. and S. Akram. 1999. Medicinal
Plants of University of Arid
Agriculture, Rawalpindi. Hamd.Med.,
42: 46-49.
Badshah, L., F. Hussain and M. J. Durrani.
2004. Ethnoecological profile of
plants of South Waziristan, Pakistan.
Pak. J. Pl. Sci., 10(2): 109-118.
Beg, A. R. and A. S. Khan. 1997. Flora of
Malakand Division Pt. I (A) Pak. J.
For., 24: 171-185.
Campus I. Sci. Khyber, 2 (1): 59-65.
Campus II.Sci. Khyber, 2 (1): 20-191.
Chughtai, S. M. and Shah. 1989. Illustrated
checklist of the plants of the Peshawar
University
Dasti, A. A., S. Saima and Z. A. Bhatti. 2010.
Flora of the Campus. Published by
BahauddinZakaria University.
GOP. 1998. Population Census Organization
Statistic Division Government of
Pakistan
Islamabad.
Census
Publication, No.33:1-6.
Kitamura, S. 1957. Plants of West Pakistan
and Afghanistan. Indus Publications
23, Farid chambers, Abdullah Haroon
Road, Karachi.
Mughal, M. S. 2009. Plants of Pakistan.
Published by Pakistan Forest Institute
Peshawar.

Nasir, E. and S. I. Ali.1970-1989. Flora of


Pakistan.
Nos.
1-190.
Botany
Department, Karachi University,
Karachi.
Pakistan
Agricultural
Research Council, Islamabad.
Parker, P. N. 1965.A Forest Flora of Punjab
with Hazara and Delhi. Printed by the
Superintendent, Government Punjab
Lahore, West Pakistan.
Qureshi, M. A. and S. A. Khan. 1971. An
illustrated Flora of Peshawar District
and Khyber Agency. Ranunculaceae
to Moringaceae.Pak. J. For., 1: 212.
Qureshi, M. A. and S. A. Khan.1965-67.Flora
of Peshawar District and Khyber
Agency.Pak. J. For., 15 & 17: 203244 & 364-393.
Sheikh, M. I. 1993.Tress of Pakistan.Pictorial
Printers (Pvt.) Ltd.
Stewart, R. R. 1972. An annotated catalogue
of the Vascular plants of West
Pakistan.Fakhri
Printing
Press,
Karachi.
Ullah, A., T. Khan and A. Rashid. 2006. Exsitu conservation of trees in
University of Peshawar Campus.
Pakistan
Botanical
Gardens
Conference Action Plan for Botanic
Gardens Network 24-25th.
Ulrich, R. S. 1981. Natural versus urban
scenes: Some psycho physiological
effects. Environment and Behavior,
13: 523-55.
WCFSD. 1999. Our Forests: Our Feature.
World Commission on Forests and
Sustainable Development. Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge.

Hassan Raza and Asad Ullah

Table 1. Showing family, botanical names, status and economic importance of tree species
in the Peshawar Cantonment, Khyber Pukhtunkhwa, Pakistan
S. No.
1.

2.

3.
4.
5.

6.

7.

8.
9.

10.

11.

Families/B. Name
Araucariaceae
Araucaria cunninghamiiSweet.
Cupressaceae
Cupressusarizonica Green.

Status

Economic importance

Exotic

Ornamental

Exotic

CupressussempervirensL.

Exotic

Thujaorientalis L.

Exotic

Ornamental
Ornamental, essential oils and tannins are
obtained
Ornamental, essential oils and tannins are
obtained

Cycadaceae
Cycasrevoluta Thunb.
Cycasrumphii Miq.
Ginkgoaceae
Ginkgo biloba L.
Pinaceae
Pinusroxburghii Sargent
Palmae
CaryotaurensL.
Livistonachinensis (N.J. Jacquin) R. Brown.
Phoenix dactyliferaL.
Roystonearegia (H.B. & K.) O. F. Cook
Anacardiaceae
Mangiferaindica L.
PistaciachinensisBunge
Schinusmolle L.
Annonaceae
Polyalthialongifolia(Sonnerat) Thwait.
Apocynaceae
AllamandacatharticaL.

Exotic
Exotic

Ornamental
Ornamental

Exotic

Ornamental and fruits yield volatile oil

Native

Ornamental, timber and turpentine oil is obtained

Exotic
Exotic
Exotic
Exotic

Ornamental, fruits is edible


Ornamental
Ornamental and fruits is edible
Ornamental and seeds are source for oil

Exotic
Native
Exotic

Fruit is edible and tannin is obtained


Timber, seeds is used for biodiesel production
Ornamental, timber and essential oil

Exotic

Ornamental

Exotic

Ornamental and timber


Ornamental, timber and inner bark is used as a
source of anti-malarial drug
Ornamental and seed oil is used to make paint

Alstoniascholaris R. Br.

Exotic

Thevetiaperuviana (Pers.) Schum.


Bignoniaceae
Heterophragmaadenophyllum Seem.

Exotic

Jacaranda mimosifolia D. Don

Exotic

Tecomastans L.
Bombacaceae

Exotic

Bombaxceiba L.

Exotic

Exotic

Ornamental and timber


Ornamental, timber, leaves are used ointment and
vulnerary
Ornamental
Ornamental, timber, fodder, flowers are taken as
vegetable and bark is used in dying

Boraginaceae
Cordiadichotoma Forst.

Native

Cordiamyxa L.

Native

Ehretiaserrata Roxb.

Native

12.

Ornamental, timber, fruit is edible and leaves are


used for fodder
Ornamental, timber, bark, leaves and fruits are
used in medicines
Ornamental, timber, fruit are edible

Diversity and Economic Importance of Tree Species in the Peshawar


Caesalpiniaceae

13.

14.
15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

Bauhinia purpurea L.

Native

Bauhinia variegata L.

Native

Caesalpiniacoriaria (Jacq)Willd

Exotic

Cassia fistula L.

Native

Ceratoniasiliqua L.
GleditsiatriacanthosL.
ParkinsoniaaculeataL.
Caricaceae
Carica papaya L.
Casurinaceae
Casurinaequisitifolia L.
Combretaceae
Terminaliaarjuna (Roxb. ex DC.) Wight &
Arm

Exotic
Exotic
Exotic

Ornamental, timber, flowers are eaten as


vegetable
Ornamental, timber, gum is obtained from the
bark
Ornamental and pods contain strong tanning
material
Ornamental, timber, and bark is used as tanning
material
Ornamental
Ornamental
Ornamental

Exotic

Fruit are edible contains and papain is obtained

Native

Ornamental and timber

Native

Ornamental and timber

Terminaliabellirica (Gaertn) Roxb.

Native

Ornamental, timber and fruit is used in dyeing


and tanning

Native
Exotic

Ornamental and fruits are edible


Ornamental and fruits are edible

Exotic
Exotic
Exotic
Native
Native
Native
Exotic

Ornamental
Ornamental, and oil is obtained from seeds
Ornamental and oil is obtained from seeds
Ornamental, fruits is a source of Vitamin C
Ornamental and timber
Oil obtained from used as illuminant
Ornamental

Native

Ornamental and leaves are used against skin


diseases

Native

Timber, nuts kernel is edible and dying and


juglon is extracted

Ebenaceae
Diospyros lotus L.
Diospyros kaki L.
Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbia cotinifolia L.
Jatrophacurcas L.
Jatropha hastate Jacq.
Phyllanthusemblica L.
Putranjivaroxburghii Wall.
Ricinuscommunis L.
Sapiumsebiferum (L.) Roxb.
Flacourtiaceae
Xylosmalongifolium Clos.
Juglandaceae

20.

Juglansregia L.
Lythraceae

21.

22.

Lagerstroemia flos-reginae Retz.

Exotic

Lagerstroemia indica L.

Exotic

Magnoliaceae
Micheliachampaca L.

Exotic

Magnolia grandiflora L.

Exotic

Ornamental and leaves to cure urinary


dysfunctions
Ornamental and tannin is obtained from the bark
and leaves
Ornamental
Ornamental, oil is extracted from leaves and
flowers

Meliaceae
23.

Azadirachtaindica A. Juss.

Exotic
Native

24.

Melia azedarach L.
Mimosaceae
Acacia catechu (L.) Willd.
Acacia farnesiana(L.) Willd.
Acacia leucophloea (Roxb.) Willd

Ornamental, timber, fruit is edible and oil


extracted from the seeds
Ornamental and timber

Native
Exotic
Native

Timber and nut is edible


Flower is used in perfumes and bark is demulcent
Bark is astringent and thermo genic

Hassan Raza and Asad Ullah

25.

26.

27.

28.

29.
30.

10

Acacia modesta Wall.


Acacia nilotica(L.) Delile
Albizialebbeck(L.) Benth.
Prosopis cineraria L.
Prosopisglandulosa Toor.
Prosopisjuliflora(Swartz) DC.
Moraceae
Artocarpusheterophyllus Lam
Broussonetiapapyrifera(L.) Vent

Native
Exotic
Native
Native
Native
Native

Stem used as fuel. The gum is used in medicines


Used in healing wounds and gonorrhea
Timber, and used for cane crushers, oil mills
Ornamental, timber, pods are used for fodder
Timber
Timber

Exotic
Native

Ficusbenghalensis L.

Native

Ficusbenjamina L.
Ficuscarica L.
FicuselasticaRoxb.
FicusglomerataRoxb.
Ficusrelegiosa L.
FicusvirensDryand.
Maclurapomifera(Rafin) C. K. Schn.
Morus alba L.
MoruslaevigataWall. Ex Brandis.
Morusnigra L.
Myrtaceae
Callistemon viminalis (Sol. ex Gaertn.) G.
Don ex Loud.
Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh.
Eucalyptus lanceolatus (Sm.) R. Br.
Myrtuscommunis L.
Psidium guava L.
Syzygiumcumini (L.) Skells
Oleaceae
Fraxinusxanthoxyloides
Fraxinus excelsior L.
Ligustrumlucidum Ait. F.
Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L.
Oleaeuropaea L.
OleaferrugineaRoyle.
Papilionaceae
ButeaMonosperma(Lain) Taubert in
Engler&Prantl
Dalbergiasissoo Roxb.
Erythrinasuberosa Roxb.
Millettiapeguensis Ali

Exotic
Native
Exotic
Native
Native
Eotic
Native
Native
Native
Native

Ornamental, timber and fruits are edible


Timber
Ornamental, timber and bark is used for
manufacturing paper
Ornamental, timber and bark yields tannin
Timber and fruits are edible
Ornamental, timber and a source of natural rubber
Ornamental
Ornamental, timber, and fruits are edible
Timber
Ornamental, timber and fruits is edible
Timber and fruits are edible
Timber and fruits are edible
Timber and fruits are edible

Exotic

Ornamental

Exotic
Exotic
Exotic
Exotic
Native

Timber and oil is obtained


Oil and timber
Oil is obtained from seeds
Fruit are edible
Seed, leaf, bark, and fruit are used in medicine

Native
Native
Exotic
Native
Native
Native

Timber
Timber
Ornamental
The leaves are anti-stimulant
Ornamental, oil is extracted
Ornamental, oil is extracted

Native

Ornamental, timber

Native
Native
Exotic

Pongamiapinnata(L.) Pierre

Exotic

Sophorasecundiflora (Ortega.) DC
Robinia pseudo- acacia L.
Platanaceae
Platanusorientalis L.
Proteaceae
GrevaliarobustaA. Cunn. ex R. Br.

Exotic
Exotic

Timber
Ornamental and timber
Ornamental and timber
Ornamental, timber and oil is obtained from the
seed
Ornamental
Ornamental and timber

Native

Ornamental and timber

Exotic

Ornamental

Diversity and Economic Importance of Tree Species in the Peshawar


31.

32.

33.

34

35.

36.

37.

38.
39.
40.

Punicaceae
Punicagranatum L.
Rhamnaceae

Native

ZiziphusjujubaMill.

Native

ZiziphusmauritianaLam.

Native

Rosaceae
Eriobotrya japonica (Thumb.) Lindey
Prunusarmeniaca L.
Prunusdomestica L.
Prunuspersica (L). Batsch
Prunuscommunis L.
Prunusmalus L.
Rutaceae
Citrus limon (L.) Burm. F
Citrus medica L.
Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck

Ornamental, fruit are edible and use in medicines


Fruit is edible, used for bronchitis and bark
contains tannin
Fruit is edible, used for bronchitis and bark
contains tannin

Exotic
Exotic
Exotic
Exotic
Exotic
Exotic

Fruit is edible
Seed, fruit is edible
Fruit is edible
Fruit is edible
Fruit is edible
Fruit is edible

Native
Exotic
Exotic

Ornamental, rich source of vitamins C


Ornamental, rich source of vitamins C
Ornamental, rich source of vitamins C

Murrayaexotica L.

Exotic

Ornamental, rich source of vitamins C

Salicaceae
PopulusnigraL.
Populusciliata Wall.

Native
Native

Salix acmophyllaL.

Native

Salix babylonica L.
Salix tetraspermaRoxb.
Simaroubaceae
Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle
Sterculiaceae

Exotic
Native

Ornamental and timber


Ornamental and timber
Ornamental timber and Bark is reported to be a
febrifuge
Ornamental, timber
Ornamental and timber

Exotic

Ornamental, timber, bark is anthelminthic

Pterospermumacerifolium(Linn.) Willd.

Exotic

SterculiadiversifoliaG. Don

Exotic

Tamaricaceae
Tamarixaphylla(L.) Karst.
Ulmaceae
Celtisaustralis Auct.
Verbenaceae
CallicarpamacrophyllaVahl.

Ornamental, leaf used to prevent bleeding from


wounds
Ornamental, shade, timber and control soil
erosion

Native

Bark are used for tanning

Native

Ornamental and timber

Native

Ornamental, timber and fruit are edible

11

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